波尔山羊与关中奶山羊发情行为对比观察

本文通过对两个引进品种——波尔山羊与关中奶山羊发情行为比较观察,结果发现,波尔山羊发情期三个阶段,发情初期、发情末期,尤其在发情盛期的行为没有关中奶山羊的明显,发情持续时间为26.00±8.98hr,短于关中奶山羊的40.93±8.39hr(P<0.0.1)。公羊试情结合阴道检查是准确鉴定波尔山羊发情的主要方法。本研究还提出在培育、引进或利用波尔山羊品种时,应兼顾繁殖性能的建议。     

优质白菜新品种‘暑绿’

 ‘暑绿’系白菜一代杂种，亲本为SW-13和SU-124(矮×苏)。该品种株型直立、束腰，叶片近圆形、翠绿色，叶柄半圆、绿白色。品质佳，株型美观，叶片与叶柄质量比值为0.67，单株质量0.40 kg。高抗炭疽病，抗TuMV、霜霉病和黑斑病。适宜在喜食青梗菜的地区作夏菜、秋菜和秋冬菜栽培。     

塔里木河干流中游灌区退耕封育效益分析

塔里木河干流中游灌区退耕封育的规模为 9× 10 3 hm2 ,其中 ,库灌区退耕 1.4 2× 10 3 hm2 ,河灌区退耕 3.5 7× 10 3 hm2 ,泵灌区退耕 4 .0 1× 10 3 hm2 。退耕封育后 ,农田灌溉用水改为生态灌溉用水 ,用水量减少。人工种植的农作物被天然野生植被所替代 ,同时可提高对保留耕地的利用率 ,扩大耕地的播种面积 ,增加地表植被的覆盖度。退耕封育后 ,可节约水量 0 .97× 10 8m3 ,除满足封育生态用水外 ,还可增加塔里木河下泄水量 0 .31× 10 8m3 。     

百例牛剖腹产手术的经验及技术探讨

难产是牛常见的产科病之一，奶牛发病明显高于黄牛。难产发生以后，经过各种办法难以从阴道产出犊牛，就应果断的，不失时机的施行剖腹产手术，从而有效的救治牛只。如能慎重果断的选择病例，早期进行手术，加上熟练的技术，成功率是很高的。     

退耕还草产业化技术经济效果评价方法探讨

以平凉市退耕还草产业化技术开发为例,以产业化系统链中各子系统间的功能协调统一为依据,以退耕还草产业化机制为纽带,在研究建立平凉市退耕还草产业化技术经济效果包括4个一级指标(基础指标、配套指标、服务指标和效益指标)和17个二级指标体系的基础上,采用层次分析法(AHP法)、隶属度函数法和综合效益指数法作为退耕还草产业化技术经济效果的评价方法.经比较得出:平凉市退耕还草产业化技术开发综合指数达到0.595 1,属初步产业化阶段,相对发展指数达到27.268%,年均产业化进步速度达到6.817%.     

不同追播处理的Tifway生物量及追播草坪综合质量差异性研究

1998-2000年,选用多花黑麦草、多年生黑麦草、紫羊茅、匍匐翦股颖在四川农业大学草学试验基地的种间杂交狗牙根Tifway(Cynodon dactylon×C.transvaalensis)模拟运动场地进行冬季追播试验.结果表明,未处理Tifway的地上生物量随温度升高而增加,而地下生物量的变化趋势不明显,地上、地下生物量比值保持在一个稳定区间,追播处理下Tifway的地下、地上生物量比值发生明显变化.除用多花黑麦草追播的草坪质量低于Tifway单播外,其余追播处理的草坪质量均优于单播Tifway草坪,其中追播多年生黑麦草后的混合草坪质量评分最高,为7.27分(1999年,98-D-a).另外,追播草坪质量与播种量呈负相关(相关系数为-0.228和-0.212),与播种时间呈正相关(相关系数为0.461).     

野外放归大熊猫肠道菌群变化的研究

对四川卧龙中国保护大熊猫研究中心的一只野外放归亚成体大熊猫肠道菌群的组成和季节变化规律进行了研究,同时与其圈养双胞胎兄弟的肠道菌群进行了比较。从放归大熊猫粪便中分离出17种肠道菌,优势菌群为肠杆菌、肠球菌和乳杆菌。与圈养大熊猫相比,放归大熊猫肠道菌群中优势菌群的种类未发生改变,但是肠球菌数量增加,肠杆菌和乳杆菌的数量减少。研究发现放归大熊猫肠道菌群中的肠杆菌和肠球菌的数量随季节变化有较大波动,乳杆菌的数量随季节变化波动不大;而圈养大熊猫三种优势菌的数量随季节变化波动都不大。     

Reliably colonising broiler chickens with Campylobacter spp. using a litter-based method

ABSTRACT

1. Chicken-associated Campylobacter spp. are the cause of most food poisoning cases in Europe. In order to study the host–pathogen interactions, a reliable and reproducible method of colonising chickens with the bacteria is required.

2. This study aimed to identify a more appropriate and less invasive method of colonisation (cf. gavaging) by seeding bedding material (litter) that commercial chickens are kept on with a mixture of Campylobacter spp., broth and faeces.

3. The first phase of the study tested the longevity of Campylobacter spp. recovery in seeded litter over 24 h: significantly more Campylobacter spp. was recovered at 0 or 3 h post-seeding than at 6 and 24 h post-seeding, indicating that the pathogen can survive to detectable levels for at least 3 h in this environment.

4. In the second phase, three groups of 10 broiler chickens (negative for Campylobacter spp. prior to exposure) were exposed at 21 days of age to one of three different Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli mixes (A, B, C), using the method above. At 28 days of age, birds were euthanised by overdose of barbiturate or cervical dislocation, and livers and caeca removed for Campylobacter spp. assessment.

5. All liver and 28/30 caeca samples tested positive for Campylobacter spp., with mix A and C giving higher counts in the caeca than mix B. The method of euthanasia did not affect Campylobacter spp. counts.

6. In conclusion, a successful method for reliably colonising broiler chickens with Campylobacter spp. has been developed which negates the need for gavaging and is more representative of how contamination occurs in the field.     

Effects of concentrate‐to‐forage ratios and 2‐methylbutyrate supplementation on ruminal fermentation,bacteria abundance and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Chinese Simmental steers

This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate levels and 2‐methylbutyrate (2MB ) supplementation on performance, ruminal fermentation, bacteria abundance, microbial enzyme activity and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD ) in steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers (12 months of age; 389 ± 3.7 kg of body weight) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Moderate‐concentrate (400 g/kg diet [MC ]) or high‐concentrate (600 g/kg diet [HC ]) diets were fed with or without 2MB (0 g/day [2MB ?] or 15.0 g/day [2MB +]). Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased, but feed conversion ratio decreased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Ruminal pH decreased, but total volatile fatty acid increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Molar proportion of acetate and acetate‐to‐propionate ratio decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Propionate molar proportion and ruminal NH ₃‐N content increased with the HC diet, but decreased with 2MB supplementation. Neutral detergent fibre degradability decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Crude protein degradability increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Abundance of Ruminococcus albus , Ruminococcus flavefaciens , Fibrobacter succinogenes and Bufyrivibrio fibrisolvens as well as activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase and pectinase decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. However, abundance of Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus as well as activities of α‐amylase and protease increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Total PD excretion also increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. The results suggested that growth performance, ruminal fermentation, CP degradability and total PD excretion increased with increasing dietary concentrate level from 40% to 60% or 2MB supplementation. The observed diet × 2MB interaction indicated that supplementation of 2MB was more efficacious for improving growth performance, ruminal fermentation and total PD excretion with promoted ruminal bacteria abundance and enzyme activity in the MC diet than in the HC diet.     

河南春水镇农户对农业保险的认知情况分析

通过对河南春水镇农业保险的调查背景描述以及对河南春水镇农户进行走访和问卷调查的基础上,分析农户对农业保险的认知度及参与意愿,研究河南春水镇农户对农业保险的认知度以及其参加农业保险的意愿,并得出调查研究结论,最终提出应加大农业保险的宣传、转变农户思想观念以及增加农户农业收入的对策与建议.