塑盘旱育抛秧技术在杂交稻制种上的应用

太湖县在杂交稻制种母本上应用塑盘旱育抛秧技术，１９９６年平均单产２．７６ｔ／ｈｍ２，比对照常规制种增产１０．６４％；１９９７年平均单产３．３１ｔ／ｈｍ２，比常规制种增产１５．８％。应用关键技术是培育健壮秧、抛足基本苗、合理安排播差期。     

杂交水稻旱育秧本田高产栽培数学模型的初步分析

采用二次回归正交设计方法，研究旱育秧本田高产栽培的移栽密度、施肥总量、基追肥比例及适宜的搁田期，获得了江苏省里下河地区单产１０．１３ｔ／ｈｍ２以上的密、肥、水的技术方案：移栽密度为１７．１～３１．１万穴／ｈｍ２，施氮总量２１４．９５～３０５．３３ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，基追肥比例５６．１１∶４３．８９～８６．５７∶１３．４３，适宜的搁田期６９．１４％～１２２．８４％。     

育秧方式对杂交早稻生育特性的影响

对水稻软盘秧、旱秧和湿润秧秧苗素质及其生育特性进行了系统比较，分析了软盘秧和旱秧高产的原因及不利高产的因素。     

氯化氯代胆碱提高黄土高原旱地小麦水肥效应机理的研究

通过模拟试验及＾１５Ｎ追踪技术，研究了ＣＣＣ浸种对黄土高的旱地小麦水肥效应影响的机理。结果表明：１％ＣＣＣ浸种可使土壤深层根的重量增加８６．４％，并可提高旱地小麦再生新的要力达２０％以上，对追施氮肥的利用能力较对照高２０％，产量提高了１６．４％。     

忆晋西一次修成水平梯田的产生和兴起

忆晋西一次修成水平梯田的产生和兴起刘足征（湖南省水电厅，长沙市４１０６０７）在晋西吕梁山区以至黄河中游广大山区，现在到处可以见到层层叠叠的一次修成的水平梯田。面对这一雄伟壮观，令人心情舒畅，不禁回想到４０年以前的景象。那时，在这片黄土高原广大山区，从...     

黄土高原旱地不同施肥对土壤肥力与产量的影响

Long-term fertility experiments have become an important tool for investigating the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, a long-term (18-year) fertilization experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China, to ascertain the effect of the long-term application of chemical fertilizers and manure on wheat yield and soil fertility in the Loess Plateau, so as to provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management. The experiment consisted of nine fertilizer treatments with three replicates arranged in a completely randomized design: 1) CK (no fertilizer); 2) N (N 120 kg ha-1); 3) P (P 26.2 kg ha-1); 4) NP (N 120, P 26.2 kg ha-1-2); 5) M (manure 75 t ha-1); 6) NM (N 120 kg ha-1, manure 75 t ha-1); 7) PM (P 26.2 kg ha-1, manure 75 t ha-1); 8) NPM (N 120 , P 26.2 kg ha-1, manure 75 t ha-1); and 9) fallow (no fertilizer, no crop). N fertilizer was applied in the form of urea and P was applied as calcium super phosphate. The results showed that precipitation had a large effect on the response of wheat yield to fertilization. Manure (M), NP, PM, NM, and NPM treatments significantly increased (P < 0.05) average yield. In the NP, PM, NM and NPM treatments, the percentage increases in yield due to fertilization were highest in normal years, and lowest in the drought years. Long-term P application enhanced soil available P markedly, and manure applications contributed more to soil fertility than chemical fertilizers alone. Chemical fertilizers applied together with manure distinctly improved soil fertility. The results also showed that the soil nutrient concentration changed mainly in the 0--60 cm layers and fertilization and planting only slightly affected soil nutrients below the 100 cm layers.     

耕作、残茬及施肥管理对土壤有机质动态变化影响的情景分析

Based on data from 10-year field experiments on residue/fertilizer management in the dryland farming region of northern China, Century model was used to simulate the site-specific ecosystem dynamics through adjustment of the model＇s parameters, and the applicability of the model to propose soil organic carbon （SOC） management temporally and spatially, in cases such as of tillage/residue/fertilization management options, was identified v/a scenario analysis.Results between simulations and actual measurements were in close agreement when appropriate applications of stover,manure and inorganic fertilizer were combined. Simulations of extreme C/N ratios with added organic materials tended to underestimate the measured effects. Scenarios of changed tillage methods, residue practices and fertilization options showed potential to maintain and enhance SOC in the long run, while increasing inorganic N slowed down the SOC turnover rate but did not create a net C sink without any organic C input. The Century model simulation showed a good relationship between annual C inputs to the soil and the rate of C sequestration in the top 20 cm layer and provided quantitative estimations of changes in parameters crucial for sustainable land use and management. Conservation tillage practices for sustainable land use should be integrated with residue management and appreciable organic and inorganic fertilizer application, adapted according to the local residue resource, soil fertility and production conditions. At least 50% residue return into the soil was needed annually for maintenance of SOC balance, and manure amendment was important for enhancement of SOC in small crop-livestock systems in which crop residue land application was limited.     

坡耕地增产措施试验研究

坡耕地增产措施试验研究李新会（河南省宜阳县水利局，４７１６００）一、试验区概况试验区位于河南省宜阳县董王庄乡恒庄村，属风化片麻岩丘陵区，土壤多为砂壤土和白灰土，地处暖温带季风气候区。年平均气温为１４．４℃，≥１０℃累计积温为４６１７．９℃，年日照时数...     

山西旱地小麦栽培技术体系的形成及其发展战略

系统论述了山西旱地小麦在山西小麦生产中的地位、现状及其与降雨的相关性，回顾了山西旱地小麦栽培技术体系的形成与发展，提出了山西旱地小麦再上新台阶的5项战略性意见。     

塿土旱作区施肥对小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响

研究了黄土高原南部塿土旱作区施肥对小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响。结量表明,合理增施肥料能显著提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率,最高施肥量分别提高了1611kg/hm~2和0.235kg/mm水分。施肥量增加使小麦叶片水势有所降低,0～200cm土层贮水量呈发育前期升高而后期下降的趋势,改善了小麦植株自身调节和保持水分的能力,提高了产量和水分利用效率。