驱除牛肝片形吸虫及消化道圆形线虫与体增重相关性的研究

通过寄生虫区系调查和临床检验，发现肝片形吸虫及消化道圆形线虫感染普遍。因此，应用硝氯酚和左旋咪唑给牛驱虫，并观察牛的虫卵减少率与体增重的关系。结果用药组的体增重与对照组比，硝氯酚组平均多增重２６．１ｋｇ／头；左旋咪唑７８．９ｋｇ／头。     

双酶梭菌制剂对家兔生长和消化酶活性的影响

以加利福尼亚兔为试验材料,研究了双酶梭菌制剂对家兔生长及肠道消化酶活性的影响.试验用45日龄断奶加利福尼亚仔兔24只,随机分为2组,每组12只,雌雄各半.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中按1g/kg添加双酶梭菌制剂.饲喂30d后,测定家兔的增重和消化道消化酶活性.结果表明,日粮中添加双酶梭菌制剂后,可促进家兔的生长和肠道中的消化酶活性,提高饲料的利用率.     

Characterization of the digestive tract of wild ayu

ABSTRACT: The gut and gut contents of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis caught in the Ohta River in Hiroshima prefecture, Japan were examined. Relative intestine length (intestine length/body length) was almost constant. Except for relative intestine length, characteristics of the gut of wild ayu were not significantly different from those of cultured ayu. The height of intestinal folds increased and their width declined from stomach to anus. Cyanobacteria ( Homoeathrix sp. and Calothrix sp.) and diatoms ( Cymbella sp., Gomphonema sp., Melosira sp., Navicula sp., and Synedra sp.) were well digested during passage through the gut despite a lack of apparent destruction. In contrast, green algae ( Dictyosphearium sp., Coelastrum sp., and Pediastrum sp.) exhibited little degradation. The pH of stomach contents ranged from 2.8 to 7.4 (mean ± SD = 4.1 ± 1.0), whereas that of the posterior intestine was 7.0–8.5 (7.9 ± 0.4). Gut contents of wild ayu increased with bodyweight, and were more than threefold greater than those of cultured ayu, suggesting that wild ayu compensate for low nutrient content of algae through the continuous ingestion of large quantities of feed organisms.     

Prey switching in red-necked phalaropes Phalaropus lobatus: Feeding limitations, the functional response and water management at Mono Lake, California, USA

The ability of red-necked phalaropes Phalaropus lobatus to switch prey under conditions of changing prey abundance at Mono Lake, California, was tested in order to predict the potential effects of continued water diversions there on migratory waterbird populations. Red-necked phaloropes cannot switch prey because they are incapable of surviving on a diet of just the hardier of two invertebrates threatened by salinity increases at Mono Lake. Individuals experimentally limited to brine shrimp Artemia monica as a primary prey source lost mass rapidly until death ensued, or until they were offered other prey. These data show that a marked preference for one prey may indicate important physiological limitations in a predator. Such limitations may partly explain Murdoch's empirically supported prediction (Ecol. Mongr. (196), 39, 335-54) that prey switching will not occur where strong prey preferences exist. These results also indicate that strong prey preferences of migratory birds can, and probably should, help determine water management policy at wetlands of importance to shorebirds, especially in cases where initial prey diversity is low.     

中华鳖的消化道指数和血液生化指标

主要测定了中华鳖的消化道指数及血液中几种重要酶的活性,并将胃、肠、胰重与体重进行回归分析。结果表明:消化道的重量随体重同步变化,回归分析表明二者的幂回归相关系数最高。中华鳖的乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶、碱性磷酸酶、谷-草转氨酶和谷-丙转氨酶的活性分别是人上限值的3.4、11.2、4.8、6.6和2.4倍,且谷-草转氨酶、谷-丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性两两正相关。     

诺氟沙星对中华鳖消化道菌群的影响

研究了口灌3种剂量的诺氟沙星（0.2mg/kg,2.0mg/kg,20.0mg/kg)后中华鳖消化道内好氧和兼性厌氧细菌的数量及组成的变化。结果表明：每千克鳖体重口灌剂量为0．20mg时，细菌数量的变化幅度不大，口灌2.0mg和20.0mg时，消化道中细菌数量明显减少，但灌服不同剂量时，细菌数量下降的幅度及恢复用药前水平所需的时间是不同的。用药后，消化道中的优势菌群构成并没有改变，但随着用药剂量的增大，各优势菌群的比例发生了一定的变化，其中肠杆菌（Enterobaoteriaceae)的比例升高，气单胞菌（Aeromonas)和弧菌（Vibrio)则相应下降。     

史氏鲟消化器官的分化对消化酶活性变化的影响

对1～10日龄(DPH)的史氏鲟仔鱼消化道发育进行了组织学观察和消化酶活性的测定.结果表明,史氏鲟仔鱼在内源营养期,消化酶活性变化的总趋势是随着消化道的逐步发育而逐渐增强,但随着不同消化组织器官的分化,各种酶活性变化有各自特点.另外,3种消化酶出现活性的先后顺序为蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶.     

地衣芽孢杆菌与低聚木糖对异育银鲫消化酶活性、肠道菌群及生长的影响

将180尾异育银鲫(allogygenetic cruc ian carp)随机分成3组,每组设3个重复,分别投喂3种饲料:基础日粮(Ⅰ组),在基础日粮中添加质量分数为0.02%的地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus lichenifor-m is(Ⅱ组),在基础日粮中添加质量分数分别为0.01%的地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖(Ⅲ组),共饲养75 d。结果表明:与Ⅰ组鱼相比,Ⅱ组鱼的增重率显著提高(P<0.05),其肠道食糜中蛋白酶、淀粉酶的活性及食糜中芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量大大增加,大肠杆菌的数量显著降低(P<0.05);Ⅲ组鱼的增重率和肠道食糜中淀粉酶的活性显著提高(P<0.05),肠道食糜中大肠杆菌的数量显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸杆菌的数量有增加趋势;Ⅲ组鱼肠道食糜中蛋白酶的活性、芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量,比Ⅱ组鱼显著降低(P<0.05),大肠杆菌数量有降低趋势,同时,Ⅲ组鱼肝胰脏中蛋白酶的活性比其它两组显著提高(P<0.05),两组之间其他指标差异不显著。因此,在基础日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖,可提高鱼体中消化酶的活性,有助于维持肠道内的微生态平衡,促进动物生长。     

尿素对鲤鱼消化道菌群的影响

用 释平板计数法对摄食含尿素饲料和对照饲料的健康鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio)肠道内菌群进行了分析，结果表明对照组鲤鱼肠道中需氧，兼性厌氧优势菌为气单胞菌属，芽孢杆菌属，葡萄球菌属和微球菌属，可以利用尿素的细菌占细菌总数的55％，试验组中优势菌为芽孢杆菌属，肠杆菌科和葡萄球菌属，微示菌属和气单胞菌属数量明显减少，假单孢菌属和产碱菌属则未检出，新检测出不动杆菌属，能利用尿素的细菌占总数的85％。     

史氏鲟消化酶活性的初步研究

试验测定了史氏鲟4种消化器官中消化酶的活性,其淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性由高到低的顺序为：幽门盲囊＞肠道＞胃＞肝脏;其脂肪酶活性大小由高到低的顺序为：肠道＞胃＞肝脏＞幽门盲囊。史氏鲟幽门盲囊中淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性较高,而脂肪酶几乎没有活性;肝脏中淀粉酶几乎没有活性,蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性也较小;肠道中各种酶的活性都较高;而胃中各种酶的活性则居中。