棉花内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌489-2-2对棉花黄萎病的防效研究

为更好地防治棉花黄萎病,在冀棉11根系中分离得到一株对大丽轮枝菌抗性明显的内生细菌,经分子鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌489-2-2.本试验以489-2-2为材料,研究该菌株对棉花黄萎病的防效和机理.结果表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌489-2-2能够抑制黄萎病菌Vd080的生长,可导致Vd080菌丝形态异常.用该菌株发酵液浸泡棉花种子...     

In vitro Antifungal Activity and Antifungal Mechanism of Essential Oil from Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) on Verticillium dahliae Kleb.

The objectives of the present study were to assess the antifungal effect of dill seed essential oil (EO) against V. dahliae and describe its mechanism of action. The microbroth dilution method was used at the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the dry mycelium weight and spore germination of the tested V. dahliae were also determined in a liquid culture to evaluate the anti-V. dahliae activity in vitro. The results showed EO was active against V. dahliae and MIC was 0.625 μL·mL^－1. Mycelial growth, mycelium weight and spore germination were inhibited by the EO in a dose-dependent manner. The results show that upon treatment of cells with EO, propidium iodide penetrated V. dahliae through a lesion in its plasma membrane. Thus, our results demonstrated that EO could be a potential source of plant-derived fungicides to control V. dahliae.     

响应面法优化棉花黄萎病菌拮抗细菌TUBP1发酵培养基的研究

目的优化棉花黄萎病拮抗菌TUBP1的发酵培养基,为进一步开发其作为棉花黄萎病菌的生防菌奠定基础。方法采用单因子试验筛选出最佳碳源、氮源和无机盐,并采用Box-Behnken设计和响应面法对其最佳配比进行优化。结果棉花黄萎病拮抗菌TUBP1菌株发酵培养基中的最佳碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为蛋白胨,无机盐为MnCl2。碳源、氮源和无机盐的最佳配比为葡萄糖2.58%、蛋白胨2.96%和MnCl20.048%。在此条件下,拮抗菌TUBP1的抑菌率达到最高的53.3%。结论响应面分析法可用于TUBP1菌株发酵培养基的优化。     

棉花VIGS病毒载体的构建及其在抗病基因功能鉴定的应用

【目的】利用农杆菌介导的VIGS基因沉默技术,研究陆地棉抗病相关基因在棉花抗黄萎病中的功能。【方法】利用分子生物学技术构建VIGS病毒载体,建立VIGS病毒诱导沉默体系;利用此体系将棉花中的一个钙依赖蛋白(CDPK)基因,通过农杆菌介导在陆地棉中沉默,根据此基因沉默植株在病原菌环境下的发病情况研究该基因在棉花抗病中的功能。【结果】利用包含有GhCPK抗病基因片段的VIGS病毒载体的农杆菌侵染棉花子叶,病毒载体上的目的基因片段由RNA聚合酶识别并合成双链RNA(double stranded RNA,dsRNA),dsRNA由Dicer酶识别并于其它RNA形成RNA诱导的沉默复合体(RNA induced silencing complex, RISC),RISC对内源GhCPK mRNA进行识别和切割作用,内源GhCPK mRNA降解而发生基因沉默。GhCPK基因沉默导致棉苗对黄萎病敏感性增加,证明GhCPK基因参与调控棉花抗病功能。【结论】病毒诱导的基因沉默技术(VIGS)能够快速有效的研究GhCPKs基因在棉花抗病中的功能。     

The generation of novel species hybrids between garden dahlias and Dahlia macdougallii to increase the gene pool for variety breeding

To transfer new traits into the gene pool of garden dahlias (Dahlia variabilis), crosses between garden dahlias (2n = 64) and the epiphytic species Dahlia macdougallii (2n = 32) from the section Epiphytum were conducted. Six hybrid plants were obtained. The hybrid status was verified using three SSR markers. In addition, flow cytometry was performed to determine the genome size of the hybrids and to show that the hybrids were hexaploid as expected from crosses between tetraploids and octoploids. The open pollinated progeny of the hybrids produced four progeny with octoploid genomes. The hybrids exhibited indeterminate vegetative growth and the formation of flowers from axillary buds, similar to the father D. macdougallii. This result is of interest for breeding new varieties of dahlia with traits that are not present in the current gene pool.