藏柏林营造试验初报

1989年，在开县国有毛垭林场海拔1000 m处，进行藏柏采种林营造试验。经23年观测，藏柏在该处能正常生长发育。第4年有极少数单株挂果，种子无发芽力；第5年结的种子，发芽率为2％；第6年结的种子发芽率为33％。藏柏平均年生长高为88 cm，胸径为1.1 cm，超过当地乡土树种马尾松和杉木的生长量。     

凉茶渣的黑曲霉发酵工艺和抗氧化活性研究

为促进凉茶渣在畜牧业中的资源化利用,本研究以黑曲霉为菌种固态发酵凉茶渣,首先在单因素试验条件下考察了时间、温度、含水量、浸泡液pH、氮源和碳源对凉茶渣降解率和产物pH的影响;再根据单因素试验结果和规模化生产实际需要,以4%硫酸铵为氮源,2%葡萄糖为碳源,以降解率为考察指标,通过正交试验优化发酵工艺;并通过检测超氧自由基清除率、羟基自由基清除率和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除率,评价凉茶渣在最优工艺条件下发酵前后抗氧化活性的变化。结果发现,含水量为60%,浸泡液pH为9.0,31℃发酵168 h是凉茶渣的最佳发酵工艺参数。最佳工艺条件下凉茶渣的降解率为25.23%,发酵产物pH为4.53。当凉茶渣发酵前水提液浓度为24 mg/mL时,超氧自由基清除率为43.56%,羟基自由基清除率为47.06%,DPPH自由基清除率为90.71%;当最优条件下发酵产物水提液浓度24 mg/mL时,超氧自由基清除率为30.77%,羟基自由基清除率为95.63%,DPPH自由基清除率为87.36%。本试验结果表明,黑曲霉是适宜的凉茶渣发酵菌种,且凉茶渣经过黑曲霉发酵后具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

气吸式打瓜穴播器对不同尺寸种子排种适应性的研究

针对气吸式打瓜穴播器(新疆石河子科神公司研制)排种适应性差这一问题,以新疆主要种植的打瓜品种—内蒙大片、内蒙中片、内蒙小片为试验材料,应用正交试验设计的方法,分析了打瓜品种类型、取种盘转速、负压室压力对穴播器排种适应性的影响。试验结果确定了影响穴播器排种适应性因素的主次顺序,以及穴播器排种适应性的最优工作参数组合。     

基于HYDRUS-2D的地下滴灌下水分运移数值模拟研究

利用HYDRUS-2D软件模拟了地下滴灌条件下滴头周围黏壤土的土壤水分动态,并与田间观测进行对比;通过分析不同滴头流量对试验地土壤湿润模式的影响,明确了最佳灌水技术参数。结果表明,HYDRUS-2D软件模拟结果与观测值一致,体积含水率均方根误差为1.2%~4.5%,湿润范围均方根误差变化范围为2.1~3.87cm。     

Optimising cutting method and timing for the control of Abutilon theophrasti seed production

Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) is a widespread and problematic annual weed. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different cutting methods on the viability of A. theophrasti seeds. Three cutting methods were assessed: (1) Entire plant cut and dried (EPD)—plants were cut at soil level and dried with capsules attached on the greenhouse bench or soil surface for 4 weeks; (2) capsules detached and dried (CD)—capsules were removed from plants and dried for 4 weeks; and (3) capsules detached and tested while fresh (CF)—a control treatment. Before drying, the developmental stage (stage one, dark green; stage two, light green; stage three, yellowish-green; or stage four, black with the slightly open capsule) and age (days after flowering, DAF) of each capsule was recorded. Seed viability was measured immediately in the CF treatment and after the 4-week drying period in the EPD and CD treatments. No seeds in the EPD and CD treatments were viable when harvested at the first developmental stage (1–8 DAF) in either experiment, but 100% of seeds in the CF treatment in the field were viable when harvested at 8 DAF. In both greenhouse and field experiments, seeds attained full viability at earlier harvest ages in CF than in EPD or CD treatments, suggesting that seeds might become viable relatively early in development but lose viability if allowed to dry. These findings could be applied to optimise late-season mechanical control of A. theophrasti.     

干旱区小麦多功能高分子植物生长调节剂增产和品质改善试验研究

以观测记录和拍照方式研究多功能高分子植物生长调节剂对小麦生长和繁殖、品质的影响,分别用土壤含水量为试剂保水指标,小麦生长、结实和产量指标、小麦品质指标以及经济效益指标与对照比较以评定试验效果。结果显示,施用试剂能够提高土壤保水率,有利于小麦的营养和结实生长,使小麦产量提高12.30%。小麦粗蛋白、赖氨酸和湿面筋含量均有显著提升,不利于人体健康的灰分和粗脂肪含量显著降低;经济效益有所提高,仅仅考虑增产就净增产值734.25￣794.85元/hm2。     

VISAR Data Reducing Method and Its Application to Impact Experiment

Identification and adjustment on the disfigurements of original data of VISAR are probed by developing software for VISAR data reducing based on measure theory. Then the software is applied to plate impact experiment of ceramics. The disfigurements of light intensity data are identified and adjusted through Lissajou~ figures. The results indicate that VISAR data are reduced quickly and effectively by the software, and the exact free surface velocity history is obtained.     

Experimental Investigation on Chip-break Influenced by Cryogenical Cold Air jet

In machine cutting, the replacement of traditionalKGcutting solution with cryogenical cold air jet not only possesses a good cooling and lubricating efficiency, but also can avoid the occurrenceof environmental pollution. In order to clarify the manner and performance of discharged cutting chip under cryogenical cold air jet condition, an experiment was carried out for steel grade 45 in the dry and cryogenical cold air jet cutting comparatively. The effects of cryogenical cold air jet on the breaking of cutting chip are discussed. Experimental results reveal that, in the valid ranges of pressure and temperature, the cryogenical cold air jet can widen the chip broken region effectively. Different insufflating angle of cold air behaves different influence on the chip-break. From the experiment, it has been gained that the optimized jet insufflatingangle, temperature effecting range and pressure working range of cold air, which provides the foundation of industrial manufacturing.     

Experiment for Condensing Heat Transfer Performance in a New Type of Horizontal Three Dimensional Inner Microfin Tubes

A new type of three dimenstional inner microfin tube is devoloped. Under four different pressures and in the range of condensing mass velocities from 33 to 153 kg/m2 . s,and by the experimental study of the three kinds of tubes with different microfin parameters, the performances of the condensation heat transfer for R11 in the horizontal microfin tubes and obtained. The experiments show that the inner microfin tube is a hopeful and nighty effective condensing heat transfer enhancement tube.