The Gene Pools of the Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.)

Interspecific hybridization between the grasspea, Lathyrus sativus, and 15 wild species in Section Lathyrus is reported. Only two species, L. amphicarpos and L. cicera produced viable F¹ hybrids with low fertility when crossed with L. sativus as male parent. Crosses with six other species produced pods following pollination when L. sativus was the male, but seedlings were inviable, seeds did not germinate or pods were empty or had totally shrivelled seeds. When L. sativus was the female parent, only one cross with L. gorgoni produced an F¹, but the seedling was inviable. The germplasm resources of the grasspea are identified, with L. amphicarpos and L. cicera placed in the secondary gene pool and the other species in the tertiary gene pool. The definition of these germplasm resources is discussed in terms of grasspea improvement through plant breeding.     

萝卜中具溶菌酶活性组分的分子结构分析

[目的]分析萝卜具有溶菌酶活性组分CBPs的分子结构,以期为其作用机制和在萝卜中的生理功能提供资料。[方法]利用亲和层析法及CM-纤维素离子交换柱层析分离纯化CBPs,测定其氨基酸组成、糖基和溶菌酶活性中心残基。[结果]从萝卜中得到了2个具溶菌酶活性且无糖基的组分:CBP1和CBP2,它们间氨基酸组成差异不大;Asp/Glu和His专一性化学修饰剂单独作用后,CBP1和CBP2相对溶菌酶活力均大幅度降低,预先加入竞争性抑制剂则下降的幅度减小。[结论]萝卜中有2个具溶菌酶活性的非糖蛋白组分,其溶菌酶活性中心氨基酸残基均可能含有Asp/Glu和His。     

黄瓜根结发育早期WRKY基因的分离

为了确定黄瓜根结线虫侵染早期与取食位点形成相关的WRKY基因,以根结线虫侵染早期的黄瓜根为材料,基于黄瓜全基因组WRKY基因预测,进行RT-PCR扩增.在根结线虫侵染早期的黄瓜根组织中共分离到24个WRKY基因,分别定位于黄瓜的7条染色体上.系统进化分析表明,在分离到的WRKY基因中有17个为第二家族,6个为第一家族,1个属于第三家族.初步确定8个WRKY基因为根结线虫诱导表达基因,推测黄瓜根结线虫侵染早期为涉及多个WRKY基因参与的复杂调控体系,为进一步研究黄瓜根结线虫取食位点发育机制奠定了基础.     

Structure of the Cochliobolus sativus population variability

The genetic diversity of several local populations of the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus sativus, collected over 3 years from different regions of the Czech Republic, was examined using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A high level of variability was found even among isolates from one lesion. Measures of multilocus linkage disequilibrium suggested that recombination has a minor impact on the genetic structure of populations. Cochliobolus sativus forms genetically divergent populations (F_ST = 0·33), indicating a low level of geneflow between populations. This was supported by a significant correlation between genetic diversity and geographical distances up to 80–100 km. The most likely explanation for the genetic variability is that the fungus forms conidia with highly variable chromosomal rearrangements. The differentiation observed among local populations implies that genetic drift, including a founder effect, combined with restricted migration generates the structure of C. sativus populations.     

黄瓜L-半乳糖-1,4-内酯脱氢酶cDNA全长的克隆和遗传转化

以黄瓜D08108果实为材料,根据GenBank中登录的甜瓜L-半乳糖-1,4-内酯脱氢酶(GalLDH)的序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法扩增出黄瓜GalLDH的cDNA全长,GenBank登录号为 HQ446099.黄瓜GalLDH的cDNA序列全长1880 bp,包含一个长为1773 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码590个氨基酸.其核苷酸序列与已知其他植物核苷酸序列间的同源性达70%以上.共检测得到5棵转基因植株     

New C-banding pattern for chromosome identification in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

A chromosome study of cucumber, C. sativus L., was performed using orcein and C-banding techniques. The diploid and tetraploid plants investigated here showed the somatic chromosome numbers 2n=14 and 28, respectively. The haploid chromosome complement was composed of five metacentric and two submetacentric chromosomes. All C. sativus chromosomes had clearly visible C-bands, and each chromosome could be identified unequivocally after C-banding staining, with 13 C-bands appearing in the haploid complement. The haploid complement had a 44.9% ratio of total C-band length to total chromosome length. Chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5 and 7 had stable C-bands. Three large, dark C-bands appeared at the proximal regions of chromosomes 1 and 2. Chromosome I had quite a large C-band and with a 68.4% ratio of C-band length to short arm length. Chromosome 2 also had quite a large C-band in the pericentromeric region with a 57.6% ratio of C-band length to the full length of this chromosome and possessed an elongated primary constriction in early metaphase. In prometaphase, chromosome 2 showed that the long arm was completely separated from the short arm. The number of secondary constrictions could not be clearly observed because these chromosomes are small and they could not be counted in every metaphase cell. However, six chromosomes seemed to have secondary constrictions in the diploid plants. Two silver-stained bands were observed at primary constrictions of two of the large chromosomes.     

黄瓜抗病基因类似序列( RGA) 的同源性分析和Southern鉴定

 使用ClustalW和DNAMAN 3.0分析了本实验室克隆的15个黄瓜抗病基因类似序列(RGA)之间以及与烟草的N 基因、亚麻的L6基因和拟南芥的RPS2基因之间的同源性, 并对这些RGA进行了PCR和Southern验证与分析。结果表明: 15个黄瓜RGA中, 核苷酸序列同源性最高的是CsRGA2、CsRGA4和CsRGA5, 其次是CsRGA6、CsRGA7、CsRGA8和CsRGA9, CsRGA1和CsRGA3也存在较高的同源性; 其余的RGA同源性较低。在氨基酸序列上也表现了相同的特征。与N、L6和RPS2等抗病基因的产物之间同源性最高46% , 最低22%。根据核苷酸序列设计了15对特异引物, 用PCR方法验证了所有黄瓜RGA的存在, 其中CsRGA3在黄瓜品种间表现出多态性。利用特异引物PCR方法合成了15个黄瓜RGA的地高辛探针, 与EcoRⅤ酶解的黄瓜‘215’、‘129’和‘L18’的基因组DNA进行Southern杂交, 证实了各个RGA在基因组上的存在, 同时发现, CsRGA9、CsRGA11～CsRGA15都是多拷贝,CsRGA3是单拷贝, 其余为双拷贝。     

VA 菌根菌对日光温室黄瓜生长发育的影响

 研究了不同VA 菌根菌与不同季节日光温室黄瓜共生, 对黄瓜苗期、营养生长期、生殖生长期的生长发育和最终经济产量的影响。结果表明: VA 菌根菌能与黄瓜共生在不同季节日光温室中, VA 菌根菌中Glomus mosseae ( GM) 的侵染率最高; 三种VA 菌根菌都显著促进共生黄瓜幼苗期的生长( 株高、茎粗、叶面积) , 促进营养生长期的生长发育, 使地上部和地下部干、鲜样质量增加; VA 菌根菌提高了日光温室黄瓜的经济产量, 其中GM 的促进作用最显著。     

Early-bolting trait and RAPD markers in the specific monosomic addition line of radish carrying the e-chromosome of Brassica oleracea

The specific monosomic addition line of radish, Raphanus sativus, carrying the e chromosome of Brassica oleracea (2n = 19, e‐type MAL) with the genetic background of the late‐bolting cv.‘Tokinashi’ was produced by successive backcrossing of the original e‐type MAL of radish that showed early bolting in the genetic background of the cv. ‘Shogoin’. The early‐bolting trait specific to the e‐type MAL was constantly expressed in the backcrossed progenies (BC₂, BC₃ and BC₄), whereas the reverted radish‐like plants (2n =18) were gradually converted to bolting as late as ‘Tokinashi’. The added e‐chromosome expressed an epistatic effect against the genome of Japanese radish. Its early‐bolting trait was dominant to the late‐bolting trait of ‘Tokinashi’ which may be under the control of a few genes. Moreover, e‐type specific RAPD markers detected in eight primers were invariably transmitted in the backcrossed progenies by ‘Tokinashi’. From the analysis of the characteristics to the e‐type MAL and e‐type specific RAPD markers, it is suggested that the e‐added chromosome of kale (B. oleracea) was transmitted from generation to generation without any recombination with the radish chromosome. The gene(s) for the early‐bolting trait detected in this study may be useful for breeding work in radish, especially in the tropical areas.     

吉林省担子菌补记(一)

报道《吉林省真菌志》（第一卷担子菌亚门）中未记载的吉林省新记录担子菌５种,即巨囊菌Ｍａｃｒｏｃｙｓｔｉｄｉａ ｃｕｃｕｍｉｓ （Ｐｅｒｓ．：Ｆｒ．）Ｋｕｍｍｅｒ,纤弱小菇Ｍｙｃｅｎａ ｏｓｍｕｎｄｉｃｏｌａ Ｊ．Ｌａｎｇｅ,秋盔孢菌Ｇａｌｅｒｉｎａ ａｕｔｕｍｎａｌｉｓ （Ｐｅｃｋ．）Ｓｍｉｔｈ ｅｔ Ｓｉｎｇ．,血红孔菌Ｐｙｃｎｏｐｏｒｕｓ ｃｏｃｃｉｎｅｕｓ（Ｆｒ．）Ｂｏｎｄ．ｅｔ Ｓｉｎｇ．