声发射技术在刨花板力学性能检测中的应用

在刨花板三点弯曲试验中运用声发射(AE)技术对其力学性能作了检测,采用AE参数和载荷-位移曲线相结合的方法对刨花板在受力变形损伤过程中的AE特征进行了分析和研究,并对损伤机理进行了分析。结果表明,AE技术可作为检测刨花板力学性能的补充手段。     

科研院所大型仪器设备共享机制构建的探讨

随着科学技术在我国社会发展建设中的贡献不断增多,大型仪器设备作为科技发展的重要技术支撑,近些年资金投入规模不断扩大.但是大型仪器设备利用率低下,信息化水平不高始终是科研院所仪器设备共享面临的难题.对此,文章从科研院所大型仪器设备共享现状分析入手,对大型仪器设备共享的重要性、仪器设备共享制度及标准、搭建共享平台等方面进行...     

Ability of governments to take actions to confront incursions of diseases – a case study: citrus canker in Florida

When governments take actions under their police powers to prevent incursions of diseases, they may damage or destroy private property and a question arises of who should pay for property losses. A court in Florida concluded that the state needed to pay for property destroyed under a citrus canker eradication programme. Because this interpretation of the Florida Constitution’s Just Compensation Clause makes it more difficult to administer a successful eradication programme, governments and scientists, working with industry, may want to develop a more comprehensive accounting of scientific data and procedures that justify an eradication programme’s actions. This paper identifies three problems regarding Florida’s efforts to eradicate citrus canker so that scientists, affected industries, and governments can employ an objective reassessment mechanism to support their actions without legal interference.     

Characterization of imidacloprid resistance in the housefly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

In recent years, imidacloprid was introduced to control the housefly in China and it was documented that the housefly indeed showed signs of resistance to imidacloprid somewhere but not in China. Therefore, a housefly population collected from filed (IFS) was selected continuously with imidacloprid to establish the resistant strain (IRS) and the basic characteristics were investigated in this study. After continuous selection over 21 generations, the resistance ratio increased from 9.01 to 140, and different levels of cross-resistance were developed to beta-cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr, acetamiprid and azamethiphos in the IRS strain. The realized heritability of resistance was 0.10. The synergistic ratios for IRS pretreated with DEF, DEM and PBO were 1.68, 1.52 and 2.53, and the corresponding ones for IFS were 3.17, 1.87 and 2.67, respectively. Synergistic and biochemical assays suggested that the cytochrome P450 may play an important role in the imidacloprid resistance comparing with GSTs- and carboxylesterases-mediated detoxification in the IRS strain, and there might be additional mechanisms (e.g. reduced target-site sensitivity) contributed to imidacloprid resistance in the IRS strain.     

当前种子企业发展和创新

笔者提出国内种子企业发展中存在的问题,分析企业发展中存在的具体原因,论述只有企业通过自主发展创新才能得到更好的发展。     

重庆市巴南区农村居民点用地变化的驱动机制

为揭示农村居民点用地变化驱动机制,为政府决策提供科学依据,以西南丘陵地区为研究对象,利用Logistic回归模型和多元线性回归模型对巴南区农户居民点用地变化进行了相关分析。结果表明:显著影响农户"是否新辟地基建房"的因素包括:"风水"心理、自然灾害、宅基地来源和交通条件;显著影响农户"新辟地基建房占地面积"的因素包括:家庭常住人口数量、宅基地来源、农村税费改革、农村宅基地政策法规的认知。对两者影响最显著的都为宅基地来源因素。由此可见,荒地或闲置用地为新辟地基建房的主要用地来源,且相对其他用地来源建房占地面积较大。因此,在保护耕地不被占用的同时,政府应控制荒地或闲置用地建房超占现象,从而保护潜在的耕地来源。     

玉米花期高温响应的基因型差异及其生理机制

倒伏是制约旱种水稻大面积推广的主要因素之一。以籼型杂交稻汕优63和粳稻9516为材料,研究了旱种水稻倒伏的原因及其机理。结果表明,与水种相比,旱种水稻的倒伏率明显高,结实率和粒重明显降低,产量明显降低。自抽穗至成熟,旱种水稻基部节间强度(厚度、单位长度重量)、碳水化合物(尤其是淀粉)含量低于常规水种稻,α-淀粉酶活性明显高于水种稻。水稻基部节间淀粉含量与节间厚度和单位长度重量呈极显著正相关,与α-淀粉酶活性呈显著或极显著负相关。淀粉输出与α-淀粉酶活性呈显著或极显著正相关。施用硅、钾肥能降低旱种水稻基部节间α-淀粉酶活性,提高基部节间淀粉含量,增强基部节间强度,大幅度降低倒伏率,提高旱种水稻的结实率和粒重,从而提高产量。孕穗期去1/2叶,效果则相反。表明在旱种条件下,水稻基部节间α-淀粉酶活性高,促进了节间贮存淀粉的降解,降低了基部节间强度,造成旱种水稻的倒伏。     

宁夏苗木生产管理体制机制研究

围绕宁夏苗木生产单位(个体)、生产能力、生产技术、产值和生产管理体制机制等情况进行了详实调研,分析探讨了宁夏苗木生产管理经验和存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了完善苗木生产管理体制机制的建议。     

建立有效的监督检查机制 提高现行绿地养护管理水平

为了顺应银川市园林体制改革的形势,使单位面积内管护质量成为管护经费拨付的主要控制指标,绿地管理逐步由粗放式管护向精细化管护转变,根据单位管理绿地面积的多少、地理位置、绿地等级、养护管理水平所达到的程度给与拨付管理经费,管护经费拨付方式从"以费养人"变为"以费养事",制订《绿地等级划分标准》、《银川市城市园林绿化养护管理检查考核办法》、《绿地养护管理检查评分细则》,利用有限资金有效地提高建成区绿地的管护水平。     

农民专业合作社发展机制及其构建原则研究

介绍了农民专业合作社发展的背景以及发展机制的内涵,提出了明确组织目标、坚持合作社原则、坚持依法办社、遵循市场经济规律和坚持制度创新等农民专业合作社发展机制的构建原则。