基于目标检测仔猪乳头计数及乳房形态评估方法

母猪乳头数量是生猪选育中重要参考指标之一,也是生猪繁殖表型数据的组成部分。成年母猪其腹部视频较难获取,且容易受污渍干扰,乳头自动点数实现难度较大,人工计数母猪乳头数工作量大、强度高、效率低、容易产生人为误差。鉴于猪仔从出生到成年乳头数量保持一致性,该研究提出了一种基于仔猪腹部视频的深度学习乳头计数及乳房形态评估方法。通过架设在仔猪初生护理平台上的相机拍摄仔猪腹部视频,根据清晰度筛选出细节清晰的帧序列图像集,经过数据预处理再使用改进Pignip-YOLOv5s目标检测网络对仔猪乳头进行自动计数。为提高计数准确率,帧序列图像集的乳头计数使用滑动窗口取众数得到最终计数结果。试验结果表明,改进的Pignip-YOLOv5s平均精度值（mean average precision, mAP）高达0.97,较YOLOv5原模型具备更高的鲁棒性。该研究方案在113段仔猪腹部视频数据集上测试得到仔猪乳头计数方法准确率达90.26%。同时该研究提出仔猪乳房形态评估参数乳头成对数、乳头间距,从而量化仔猪乳头形态表型特征,构建了母猪乳房外在形态指标,可为母猪选育和繁殖工作提供重要的参考依据。     

A novel method for investigating the uptake and distribution of radiolabelled imazethapyr in potato tubers

Summary The use of imazethapyr as a sprout suppressant in potatoes has been investigated. Novel radionuclide techniques were developed to establish the patterns of uptake and movement of imazethapyr in potatoes. Protocols for tissue analysis were established to homogenise potato tuber tissue samples, enabling radiolabel recovery by liquid scintillation counting to approach 100%. The movement of imazethapyr was also examined in the presence of an acidic formulation of thiabendazole which caused increased uptake. The movement of imazethapyr within the tuber was also influenced by pH and ion trapping.     

Effect of immune-mediated erythrocyte agglutination on analysis of canine blood using a multichannel blood cell counting system

Blood from six dogs with in vitro immune-mediated erythrocyte agglutination resulted in analytical errors in directly measured counting and sizing functions on a multichannel blood analysis system with histogram capability. Errors in the directly measured values, mean cell volume (MCV), and erythrocyte count were attributed to agglutinated erythrocyte particles that persisted during the relatively short reagent contact time of the analysis. Agglutinated particles less than 240 fl were visible on erythrocyte histograms and resulted in a false low erythrocyte count and false high MCV. Agglutinated cell particles greater than 240 fl were not present on the histogram scale. Because these latter particles exceeded the upper threshold, they did not influence determination of MCV, but resulted in a further decrease in the erythrocyte count. As a result, the other dependent erythrocyte indices were in error. These included false low hematocrit and false high mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), when compared to corrected reference blood values. Similar errors occurred when analyzing blood samples that were agglutinated in vitro by incubating erythrocytes with incompatible plasma. The counting and sizing errors observed with electronic counting techniques were eliminated or greatly reduced by incubating blood in cell counting diluent for 10 minutes followed by analysis on a single channel counter with attached particle size analyzer. Error in erythrocyte measurement on a multichannel system may be anticipated if there is overt erythrocyte agglutination in a blood sample, an abnormally high MCHC is reported by the system, or subpopulations of large volume (agglutinated cells) are observed on a volume distribution histogram.     

牛乳中大肠菌群平板计数法不确定度的评定

测量不确定度是评定测量水平的指标,是判定测量结果质量的依据.一切测量结果都不可避免地具有不确定度,不确定度是由于测量误差的存在而导致被测量值不能肯定的程度,一切测量结果都不可避免地具有不确定度,大肠菌群的检测也不例外.根据国家标准和测量不确定度的评定方法以及国际通用的普松理论,评定牛乳中大肠菌群检测结果的不确定度.通过...     

蜂王蛹期卵巢解剖和卵巢小管的计数方法

蜂王卵巢小管的数量是决定蜂王产卵力的关键因素,卵巢小管的解剖计数方法则是评价蜂王质量的重要技术手段。采用石蜡切片染色和卵巢切段染色是常用的蜂王卵巢小管计数方法。介绍一种蜂王蛹期卵巢的解剖和卵巢小管的计数方法,主要包括样本采集、卵巢解剖、卵巢离散处理和卵巢小管计数等步骤。该方法具有以下优点:蜂王样本来自蛹期,测量周期短;不需切片和染色,操作简单,使用方便;重复性好,结果可靠;省时省力,效率高;器材简单,成本低。该方法为蜂王质量的评价提供了新的技术途径。     

闽—粤东族大黄鱼Pseudosciaena crocea（Richardson）象山港养殖群数量与质量性状的研究

研究了闽-粤东族大黄鱼象山港养殖群数量与质量性状，结果认为：象山港养殖大黄鱼第Ⅱ背鳍软鳍条数，鳃耙数可数性状比自然大黄鱼在数目上减少，性状指标头长/眼径，尾柄长/尾柄高，体长/体高等5项可量性状在均值上减少，而体长/头长，头长/吻长两项可量性状指标在均值上呈上升趋势，象山港养殖大黄鱼的脂肪含量远比自然产大黄鱼高（6.4倍），而鱼体中的各氨基酸含量及总量前者比后者低。     

Automatic counting of FISH-labeled microbes by an LED illuminated detecting apparatus

ABSTRACT:   The Bioplorer (BP) (Matsushita Ecology Systems Co. Ltd, Kasugai, Aichi-ken, Japan) is an apparatus that consists of a light-emitting diode and optical and image analysis systems. This instrument has been developed and used for the semi-automatic counting of total microbes, mainly in food, cosmetics and industrial products. In this study, the applicability of BP to the detection and enumeration of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, after the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure, was examined. The cells of a yeast ( Candida albicans ) and a bacterium ( Escherichia coli ) were specifically labeled using an oligonucleotide probe with fluorochrome and then counterstained with 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The numbers of cells after FISH treatment and DAPI staining agreed well, indicating that the BP optical device and image analysis system had enough sensitivity to detect and quantify eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Because of its simplicity and reliability, BP can be a new tool for quantification of specifically labeled target microorganisms, both in industrial products and natural samples.     

田间玉米苗期高通量动态监测方法

目前对玉米出苗动态检测监测主要是依靠人工观测,耗时耗力且只能选择小的样方估算整体出苗情况.为解决人工出苗动态管理不精准的问题,实现田间精细化管理,本研究以田间作物表型高通量采集平台获取的高时序可见光图像和无人机平台获取的可见光图像两种数据源构建了不同光照条件下的玉米出苗过程图像数据集.考虑到田间存在环境背景复杂、光照不...     

福建省尤溪县冬季鸟类调查

在福建省尤溪县采用机械布点、网格取样,逐格调查的方法以县为总体进行了鸟类资源调查。利用卫星定位技术反映调查区域的鸟类区系分布情况,有杉傅立叶非线性统计模型对样带调查数据进行分析,估计主要鸟种的群数量。调查实际行程１２２７ｋｍ,记录鸟类２０１种共２７６６３只（次）,基本掌握了尤溪县鸟类资源现状,为野生动物资源管理提供了依据。     

“V”字形苹果幼树二维图像的分形特征

果树的树体结构对树木的生长和生产力具有极为重要的影响。然而目前对幼树树形特征的研究和评价较少。2009-2011年,采用计盒维数和Photoshop图像处理技术,调查不同方位及不同品种两年生"V"字形苹果幼树二维图像的分形维数与分形特征。从"V"字树形整体水平上看,果树侧视图的分形维数按品种排序为富红早嘎>红盖露>玉华早富>长富2号>丽嘎啦>烟富6号,变化范围为1.650～1.700;正视图的分形维数按品种排序为红盖露>玉华早富>丽嘎啦>烟富6号>富红早嘎>长富2号,变化范围为1.583～1.631;正视和侧视图总体分形维数按品种排序为红盖露>玉华早富>丽嘎啦>富红早嘎>长富2号>烟富6号,变化范围为1.620～1.660。从"V"字形树的局部特征看,树体由东边和西边树组成。6个品种东边和西边苹果树侧视图的分形维数分别为1.593～1.683和1.645～1.720;正视图的分形维数分别为1.548～1.627和1.568～1.657。"V"字形苹果树东边树的二维图像正视和侧视分形维数都比西边树小。因此,果树二维图像的分形维数随着方位和品种而变化,可以表征不同品种及不同方位树体结构特征,并可用来指导幼树的整形修剪。