铅锌矿尾渣土壤中重金属的形态及潜在生态风险

采用优化的BCR连续萃取方案对湖南永州铅锌矿尾渣土壤中Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd进行形态分析,并利用Lars Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对4种重金属的生态危害进行了评价.结果表明:永州铅锌矿尾渣土壤中Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd等4种重金属的含量分别为6 884.1,2 948.31,547.85,105.88 mg/kg,达到严重污染程度,从高到低为:Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn.矿区土壤中的重金属易形成稳定的化合物或牢固存在于粘土矿物晶格中,酸溶解态或其他自由形式的金属含量低,不利于植物修复技术的实施,但可采用化学方法进行修复.     

母婴间铁锌铜代谢关系的研究

同步检测了１２６例对正常产妇及其产生儿，采用原子吸收分光光度法测定血清和红细胞铁、锌、铜含量并用放射免疫法测定血清和红细胞铁。结果：（１）血清铁蛋白≥１４μｇ／Ｌ的产妇，其婴儿脐血清铁蛋白高于母亲血清蛋白〈１４μｇ／Ｌ的婴儿，但两组婴儿的血红蛋白，血清铁，红细胞的及红细胞铁蛋白含量相近。（２）婴儿脐血清锌高于母血，而红细胞锌则低于母血；（３）婴儿脐血清铜显著低于母血，而红细胞铅则高于母血。     

含氮纤维素的制备及其对铬离子和铜离子的去除试验

探讨了以稻壳为骨架材料制备含氮纤维的方法及其对重金属离子Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）和Ｃｕ￣（２＋）的去除条件、吸附容量及再生情况．结果表明：制备的这种含氮纤维素对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ），Ｃｕ￣（２＋）等高子有很好的吸附能力．当ｐＨ＝２．５时，对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的动态饱和吸附容量为３４．２１７ｍｇ／ｇ（干基）；ｐＨ＝６时，对Ｃｕ￣（２＋）的吸附容量为１０．６１１ｍｇ／ｇ（干基）．分别用１０％的氢氧化钠和５％的氨水溶液洗脱可以再生，它是一种较为新型、高效、价廉的重金属离子吸附剂．     

铜对烟草光合特性的影响

以烟草为材料,研究了铜对烟草光合作用特性的影响.结果表明,播前采用适宜浓度的硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O)溶液处理土壤和种子,能够提高烟草叶片的光合色素含量、希尔反应活力、光合速率和比叶重.铜对烟草光合特性的影响表现为低浓度促进和高浓度抑制的双重作用,且低浓度的促进作用随着时间的延长而减弱,高浓度的抑制作用随着时间的延长而加强.     

铜矿区重金属污染分异规律初步研究

针对江西德兴铜矿、安徽铜陵铜矿和江苏九华铜矿的矿区典型污染土壤现状进行了初步研究,分析了铜矿区环境现状,提出了一些可能对策的建议。研究发现,3个矿区典型污染土壤各自表现出不同的污染状况。三个铜矿尾矿砂中铜含量超标,其高低次序为德兴铜矿>铜陵铜矿>九华铜矿,而锌含量顺序依次为铜陵铜矿>九华铜矿>德兴铜矿。矿区周围土壤以铜污染为主,锌有部分超标情况发生。同时,在矿区典型土壤生长的作物中,铜、铅、锌、镉都有超标的情况,部分作物重金属含量超过食品卫生标准达10—20倍之多。被调查的多种植物中也存在重金属含量过高的结果。     

铜胁迫对苜蓿中华根瘤菌抗氧化酶系的影响

探讨铜胁迫对苜蓿中华根瘤菌抗氧化酶系的影响,揭示苜蓿中华根瘤菌对铜的生理抗性机制。以铜抗性菌株Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020和铜敏感性S.meliloti CCNWSX0018为材料,测定其对铜的最小抑制浓度（MIC）和最大耐受浓度（MTC）及不同铜浓度对其抗氧化保护酶活性的变化。结果表明：（1）在YMA固体培养基上,S.meliloti CCNWSX0020和S.melilotiCCNWSX0018的MIC分别为0.5mmol·L^-1和0.2mmol·L^-1Cu^2＋,MTC分别为1.8mmol·L^-1和0.8mmol·L^-1Cu^2＋。（2）Cu^2＋浓度≤0.4mmol·L^-1时,S.meliloti CCNWSX0020菌体内的SOD、CAT和GPX活性变化不显著;S.meliloti CCNWSX0018菌体内的SOD、CAT和GPX活性显著升高;Cu^2＋浓度为0.6mmol·L^-1和0.8mmol·L^-1时,前者SOD、CAT和GPX活性显著升高,后者保护酶活性开始降低。随着Cu^2＋浓度升高,S.meliloti CCNWSX0020的GR活性增强,与对照相比,Cu^2＋浓度为0.8mmol·L^-1时GR活性提高了110.51%;而S.meliloti CCNWSX0018的GR活性则反之。（3）在Cu^2＋浓度≤0.8mmol·L^-1胁迫下,抗性菌株S.meliloti CCNWSX0020可通过提高SOD、CAT、GPX、GR的活性以降低Cu^2＋的毒害效应,为丰富根瘤菌抗铜机制提供了理论基础。     

不同pH条件下添加纳米型蒙脱土和高岭土对溶液中铜的去除效果研究

通过有机插层法对蒙脱土、高岭土进行改性,制备成纳米型蒙脱土、高岭土,并利用制备的纳米型高岭土、蒙脱土对溶液中铜的吸附效果及吸附机理进行了研究。结果表明,纳米型蒙脱土和高岭土对溶液中的铜具有很好的去除效果,其吸附等温线可以用Langmuir和Freundlich方程进行拟合。相比而言,蒙脱土比高岭土具有较高的吸附量和吸附亲和力参数。在溶液中铜离子浓度低于120 mg/L时,纳米型蒙脱土、高岭土对铜的最大去除率分别达到99.5%和94.3%,对溶液中铜的去除率随铜离子浓度增加和溶液的pH降低而降低。     

Pathways of chemical recovery in acidified,metal-contaminated lakes near Sudbury,Ontario, Canada

This paper describes the recovery pathways of two lakes situated near the Coniston nickel-copper smelter. These lakes were exposed to very intense airborne pollution, including SO₂, H₂SO₄, Ni and Cu, during the 60 year operation of the smelter. After the closure of the Coniston smelter in 1972 and the subsequent improvement in air quality, the water quality in both lakes began to improve. Despite their proximity and exposure to similar inputs, the lakes differed both in the rate and magnitude of recovery. This study demonstrates the capacity of lakes to recover from chemical stresses over a very short period. Changes in Cu and Ni concentration could be predicted, while changes in pH, measured as H⁺, could not. The reasons for this discrepancy as well as the processes and lake parameters that control chemical recovery are discussed.     

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Plants on Mn Mine Tailings

The Xiangtan Manganese （Mn） Mine in the middle of Hunan Province, China, has been mined since 1913 with mine tailings including excavated wastes, wastewater, and smelting wastes. A survey was conducted on the Mn mine tailing soils and eight plants on the Mn mine tailings. The concentrations of soil Mn, Pb, and Cd and the metal-enrichment traits of these eight plants were analyzed simultaneously. Exceptionally high concentrations of these three metals were found in the soils, especially on the tailing dam. Each plant investigated in this study accumulated the three heavy metals, but no hyperaccumulator of these metals was found. However, analysis indicated that Poa pratensis Linn., Gnaphalium affine D. Don, Pteris vittata L., Conyza canadensis （L.） Cronq., and Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. possessed specially good metalenrichment and metal-tolerant traits. P. pratensis, G. affine, and P. vittata were Pb-tolerant plants; and C. canadensis, P. pratensis, and G. affine were Cd-tolerant plants. P acinosa had a great tolerance to Mn, and it was a valuable plant for on-site phytoremediation. Phragmites communis Trin. was found to have high metal tolerance and economic benefit as a raw material for paper and should be considered for soil remediation. G. affine and C. canadensis had excessive accumulation of Mn and could be useful in phytoremediation. However, although P. pratensis was a good accumulator, it was not a suitable plant for soil remediation because its biomass was too little.     

石灰用量对污染红壤和黄泥土中有效态铜锌含量的影响

采用外源加入重金属铜锌硝酸盐的方法,制成铜、锌单一及复合污染的三级污染红壤和黄泥土（Cu 200mg/kg、Zn 400 mg/kg）,稳定一个月,施入低（0.50 g/kg）、中（1.50 g/kg）和高（2.50 g/kg）3种不同用量的石灰,稳定两个月后测定土壤有效态铜、锌含量和pH值,以阐明石灰用量对不同污染土壤中重金属有效态含量的影响。结果表明,随石灰用量的增加,复合污染红壤中有效态铜含量较对照依次降低31%、76%和87%;而石灰用量对黄泥土中有效态铜影响的差异不显著;两种土壤中有效态锌含量均随石灰用量的增加而显著减少;复合污染较单一污染相比,有效态铜及有效态锌的含量差异不显著。在复合污染下,低、中量石灰使黄泥土中有效态铜含量较红壤减少89%和63%,有效态锌减少27%和65%。但加入高量石灰,两种土壤差异不显著。石灰能够降低单一与复合污染铜、锌有效态的含量,但其效果因土壤类型而异,在红壤上选择施用高量石灰而在黄泥土上则适宜施用低中量石灰,以取得最佳的修复效果和效益。