速生意大利杨木防腐与强化复合改性

采用氨溶烷基铜铵(ACQ)防腐剂与脲醛树脂(UF)调制成的相溶复合改性剂,对速生意大利杨木进行一次性真空浸渍处理,使处理材力学性能提高并达到强防腐等级.优化工艺参数为:浸渍压力0.6 MPa、加压2 h、ACQ与UF的体积比为4∶1.处理后主要力学性能指标均提高22.46%以上.对浸渍材进行表面密实化优化工艺处理(压缩率为20%),各项力学性能指标均比素材提高52%以上.对浸渍材与ACQ处理材抗水、酸、碱抽提的抗流失性进行对比试验,前者比后者固着率提高0.84%以上.应用X射-线荧光光谱仪的Cu2+跟踪法,定量分析了浸渍材复合改性剂的含量分布和改性效果.     

母婴间铁锌铜代谢关系的研究

同步检测了１２６例对正常产妇及其产生儿，采用原子吸收分光光度法测定血清和红细胞铁、锌、铜含量并用放射免疫法测定血清和红细胞铁。结果：（１）血清铁蛋白≥１４μｇ／Ｌ的产妇，其婴儿脐血清铁蛋白高于母亲血清蛋白〈１４μｇ／Ｌ的婴儿，但两组婴儿的血红蛋白，血清铁，红细胞的及红细胞铁蛋白含量相近。（２）婴儿脐血清锌高于母血，而红细胞锌则低于母血；（３）婴儿脐血清铜显著低于母血，而红细胞铅则高于母血。     

含氮纤维素的制备及其对铬离子和铜离子的去除试验

探讨了以稻壳为骨架材料制备含氮纤维的方法及其对重金属离子Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）和Ｃｕ￣（２＋）的去除条件、吸附容量及再生情况．结果表明：制备的这种含氮纤维素对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ），Ｃｕ￣（２＋）等高子有很好的吸附能力．当ｐＨ＝２．５时，对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的动态饱和吸附容量为３４．２１７ｍｇ／ｇ（干基）；ｐＨ＝６时，对Ｃｕ￣（２＋）的吸附容量为１０．６１１ｍｇ／ｇ（干基）．分别用１０％的氢氧化钠和５％的氨水溶液洗脱可以再生，它是一种较为新型、高效、价廉的重金属离子吸附剂．     

铜对烟草光合特性的影响

以烟草为材料,研究了铜对烟草光合作用特性的影响.结果表明,播前采用适宜浓度的硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O)溶液处理土壤和种子,能够提高烟草叶片的光合色素含量、希尔反应活力、光合速率和比叶重.铜对烟草光合特性的影响表现为低浓度促进和高浓度抑制的双重作用,且低浓度的促进作用随着时间的延长而减弱,高浓度的抑制作用随着时间的延长而加强.     

铜矿区重金属污染分异规律初步研究

针对江西德兴铜矿、安徽铜陵铜矿和江苏九华铜矿的矿区典型污染土壤现状进行了初步研究,分析了铜矿区环境现状,提出了一些可能对策的建议。研究发现,3个矿区典型污染土壤各自表现出不同的污染状况。三个铜矿尾矿砂中铜含量超标,其高低次序为德兴铜矿>铜陵铜矿>九华铜矿,而锌含量顺序依次为铜陵铜矿>九华铜矿>德兴铜矿。矿区周围土壤以铜污染为主,锌有部分超标情况发生。同时,在矿区典型土壤生长的作物中,铜、铅、锌、镉都有超标的情况,部分作物重金属含量超过食品卫生标准达10—20倍之多。被调查的多种植物中也存在重金属含量过高的结果。     

铜胁迫对苜蓿中华根瘤菌抗氧化酶系的影响

探讨铜胁迫对苜蓿中华根瘤菌抗氧化酶系的影响,揭示苜蓿中华根瘤菌对铜的生理抗性机制。以铜抗性菌株Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020和铜敏感性S.meliloti CCNWSX0018为材料,测定其对铜的最小抑制浓度（MIC）和最大耐受浓度（MTC）及不同铜浓度对其抗氧化保护酶活性的变化。结果表明：（1）在YMA固体培养基上,S.meliloti CCNWSX0020和S.melilotiCCNWSX0018的MIC分别为0.5mmol·L^-1和0.2mmol·L^-1Cu^2＋,MTC分别为1.8mmol·L^-1和0.8mmol·L^-1Cu^2＋。（2）Cu^2＋浓度≤0.4mmol·L^-1时,S.meliloti CCNWSX0020菌体内的SOD、CAT和GPX活性变化不显著;S.meliloti CCNWSX0018菌体内的SOD、CAT和GPX活性显著升高;Cu^2＋浓度为0.6mmol·L^-1和0.8mmol·L^-1时,前者SOD、CAT和GPX活性显著升高,后者保护酶活性开始降低。随着Cu^2＋浓度升高,S.meliloti CCNWSX0020的GR活性增强,与对照相比,Cu^2＋浓度为0.8mmol·L^-1时GR活性提高了110.51%;而S.meliloti CCNWSX0018的GR活性则反之。（3）在Cu^2＋浓度≤0.8mmol·L^-1胁迫下,抗性菌株S.meliloti CCNWSX0020可通过提高SOD、CAT、GPX、GR的活性以降低Cu^2＋的毒害效应,为丰富根瘤菌抗铜机制提供了理论基础。     

不同pH条件下添加纳米型蒙脱土和高岭土对溶液中铜的去除效果研究

通过有机插层法对蒙脱土、高岭土进行改性,制备成纳米型蒙脱土、高岭土,并利用制备的纳米型高岭土、蒙脱土对溶液中铜的吸附效果及吸附机理进行了研究。结果表明,纳米型蒙脱土和高岭土对溶液中的铜具有很好的去除效果,其吸附等温线可以用Langmuir和Freundlich方程进行拟合。相比而言,蒙脱土比高岭土具有较高的吸附量和吸附亲和力参数。在溶液中铜离子浓度低于120 mg/L时,纳米型蒙脱土、高岭土对铜的最大去除率分别达到99.5%和94.3%,对溶液中铜的去除率随铜离子浓度增加和溶液的pH降低而降低。     

Effect of ensiled hop (Humulus lupulus L.) residues on plasma acetate turnover rate in sheep

An isotope dilution method using [1‐¹³C]sodium acetate was applied to determine the effect of feeding ensiled hop (Humulus lupulus L.) residues on plasma acetate turnover rate in six adult crossbred sheep. The sheep were fed 63 g/kg body weight (BW)^0.75/day of either mixed hay of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and round bale silage at 3:1 ratio (Hay‐diet), or another where round bale silage was replaced by ensiled hop residues (Hop‐diet) with a crossover design each of a 3‐week period. The isotope dilution method was performed on day 21 of each dietary treatment. Dry matter digestibility was similar between diets, and nitrogen (N) digestibility was lower (P = 0.001) for Hop‐diet than Hay‐diet. However, N retention did not differ between diets. Plasma acetate concentration was lower (P = 0.04) for Hop‐diet than Hay‐diet, and the turnover rate of plasma acetate did not differ between diets. Plasma concentration of lactate and non‐esterified fatty acids were similar between diets. Hop‐diet was found almost comparable to Hay‐diet on plasma acetate turnover rate in the present experimental conditions. Therefore, it could be concluded that hop residues partially could be used as an alternative to traditionally used round bale silage for rearing sheep.     

马铃薯交联淀粉醋酸酯的制备工艺及特性

马铃薯原淀粉在水相体系、碱性条件下与醋酸酐作用，生成马铃薯淀粉醋酸酯，然后与交联剂进行交联反应，得到马铃薯交联淀粉醋酸酯。通过改变反应温度、反应时间、pH值和交联剂用量等条件，得出制取马铃薯交联淀粉醋酸酯的最佳工艺条件：反应温度35℃，pH值11，反应时间2 h，交联剂用量2%。所制取的马铃薯交联淀粉醋酸酯较原淀粉在糊液黏度的稳定性、抗老化性、抗分离性等方面均有较大的改善。     

Pathways of chemical recovery in acidified,metal-contaminated lakes near Sudbury,Ontario, Canada

This paper describes the recovery pathways of two lakes situated near the Coniston nickel-copper smelter. These lakes were exposed to very intense airborne pollution, including SO₂, H₂SO₄, Ni and Cu, during the 60 year operation of the smelter. After the closure of the Coniston smelter in 1972 and the subsequent improvement in air quality, the water quality in both lakes began to improve. Despite their proximity and exposure to similar inputs, the lakes differed both in the rate and magnitude of recovery. This study demonstrates the capacity of lakes to recover from chemical stresses over a very short period. Changes in Cu and Ni concentration could be predicted, while changes in pH, measured as H⁺, could not. The reasons for this discrepancy as well as the processes and lake parameters that control chemical recovery are discussed.