橄榄黄小卷叶蛾发生规律与防治研究

橄榄黄小卷叶蛾在福建福州地区年发生6代,世代重叠,以老熟幼虫在树皮裂缝和枯枝落叶中结茧化蛹越冬。第1代幼虫4月上旬开始孵化,其幼虫以取食橄榄嫩梢、幼果及叶片为害。在幼虫数量高峰时,适期采用苏云金杆菌、棉铃虫多角体病毒、阿维菌素等生物农药(制剂)进行防治,可达到控制该虫为害的目的,且具有环保效应。     

对地方标准法律属性的探讨

研究地方标准的法律属性将有利于地方标准的发展和转型。从地方标准的法制性及法律规制属性两个方面来阐述地方标准的法律属性,从而进一步完善地方标准理论,促进地方标准的发展。     

Surface energy of preservative-treated southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.) by contact angle measurement

In this study, the contact angles of four different reference liquids (including distilled water, diiodomethane, formadide and glycerol) formed on the surfaces of wood, treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and two other emerging copper-based water-borne systems (commercial names: NW and NS) were measured with sessile drop method. Based on the contact angle data, the surface energy was obtained from the acid-base approach. The total surface energy consisted of Lifshiz-van der Waals parameter and acid-base parameter. Results showed that the NW and CCA treatments made the wood surface more hydrophobic while the NS treatment had the reverse effect on the wood surface mainly owing to the increased penetration of earlywood. By using three liquids, diiodomethane, formamide and distilled water, the total surface energy obtained for untreated earlywood, untreated latewood, CCA-treated earlywood, CCA-treated latewood, NW-treated earlywood, NW-treated latewood, NS-treated earlywood and NS-treated latewood were 43.1, 44.5, 43.4, 45.1, 49.4, 40.6, 46.0 and 40.9 mJ/m², respectively. The surface energy of CCA-treated wood was almost the same as untreated wood. After NW and NS treatments, the surface energy of both earlywood and latewood changed a little. However, the change was not so obvious as to draw any further conclusion concerning the influence of NW and NS treatments on the surface energy of wood. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(4): 1–4 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

沙棘根系模糊聚类及生长分布规律的探讨

本文对黄土残塬沟壑区人工沙棘林单株根系进行了系统研究。结果表明:1.主根龄是影响沙棘单株根系间模糊聚类的决定性因素,幼龄期单株根系间极易聚合,随着主根龄增加,同龄单株根系间差异逐渐加大而较难聚合。2.用灰色Verhoulst模型对单株沙棘根量、根长的变化过程进行描述和预测,当主根龄达到17龄左右时,根系基本停止生长。3.沙棘根量、根长在土体中的垂直分布规律呈双曲函数关系,各实测值与计算值拟合非常贴切。4.沙棘根系密集层随主根龄的增加而加深,最终稳定在0-50cm左右,粗壮根系多集中在该层。文中还建立了沙棘根量与叶量的线性回归方程。     

茶秆竹生长规律及经营改造技术的研究

研究结果表明 :(1)“谷雨”至“立夏”是茶秆竹的出笋期 ,历时 40d左右 ,在出笋后 10～ 2 5d ,是出笋高峰期 ,约占出笋总数的 71%～ 84%。幼竹高生长呈慢—快—慢 3个阶段。 (2 )竹鞭垂直分布浅 ,一般在 0～ 30cm的土层中。全劈、全锄、浅翻、浅翻加施肥可明显促进竹鞭生长和笋芽分化 ,且以浅翻加施肥效果最佳。 (3)立竹度与新竹数量、平均胸径、平均高均呈现开口向上的二次抛物线关系。 (4 )合理留笋长竹时间应为出笋盛中期。施用发笋肥可提高笋产量。 (5 )竹 阔叶树混交林经营应保留一些固氮树种和珍稀树种 ,清除“老狼木”、“霸王木” ,对影响竹林繁衍和发育的伴生树种要进行强度修枝。 (6 )野生茶秆竹林 ,应在留足新竹基础上采收春笋 ,积极进行抚育性采伐 ,调整竹林结构 ,选择合适的垦复措施。 (7)丰产竹林的合理年龄结构是 1～ 3年生立竹各占 1/ 3,或 1～ 4年生立竹比例为 3∶3∶3∶1。中下坡合理立竹数为 10 5 0 0～ 135 0 0株 /hm2 ,上坡为 15 0 0 0～ 16 5 0 0株 /hm2 。     

观光木人工林驯化栽培试验和系统生产力研究

本文对观光木驯化栽培环节中的采种、育苗、造林、管抚等摸索了一定的经验,并用分层切割法测定10年生样本地上部分各器官的生物量,用壕沟法测定地下部分根系的生物量。结果表明:10年生林分生物量为55.03t/hm~2,其中乔木层为53.035t/hm~2(占96.37%),乔木层中树干、枝、叶和根系分别为37.91t/hm~2、6.17t/hm~2、2.21t/hm~2和6.75t/hm~2。18年生解析木数据表明:胸径、树高和材积速生期分别出现在4—12年、5—7年和第14年。     

闽北山地檫树生长规律的初步研究

根据檫树自然更新群落样地调查资料,选择平均木进行树干解析,采用改进单纯形法,拟合了檫树胸径、树高、单株材积的Richards(理查德)生长方程并绘出其生长曲线,初步揭示了檫树胸径、树高、材积的生长规律,为檫树天然次生林的经营及人工林的营造提供理论基础。     

河口地区橡胶树六点始叶螨发生规律初步观察

报道了河口地区2005年对橡胶树六点始叶螨消长规律的观察结果:橡胶树六点始叶螨在5月份前后开始发生,6月份虫口迅速增加,7月份达全年虫口高峰期,8月份后虫口锐减,至10月份又上升形成一个高峰。同时提出防治指标为叶平均螨口1头或虫卵比≥1时进行防治,每年6月初是防治的关键时期。     

茶条槭叶部没食子酸含量的测定

对茶条槭叶部没食子酸含量的个体变异、年龄变异、季节动态变化规律进行了研究,结果表明:茶条槭叶部没食子酸含量个体之间差异显著;茶条槭的树龄不同,其叶部没食子酸的含量也明显不同;不同生长季节,其叶部没食子酸的含量也不同,处在生长旺盛时期其叶部没食子酸含量偏高。     

Dielectric relaxation due to heterogeneous structure in moist wood

Dielectric properties in three main directions for hinoki wood (Chamaecyparis obtusa) specimens conditioned at various levels of relative humidity were measured in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 10 MHz over the temperature range from −150°C to 20°C. Three relaxations were observed in the specimens conditioned at high levels of relative humidity. The relaxation in the highest frequency range was ascribed to the motions of adsorbed water molecules. The relaxation in the middle frequency range remained unchanged by the ethanol–benzene extraction of specimens. The relaxation location was independent of measuring directions. The relaxation in the lowest frequency range was not detected in the specimens impregnated with methyl methacrylate (MMA). This result suggested that the relaxation was due to electrode polarization. The Cole-Cole circular arc law applied well to two relaxations recognized in the specimens impregnated with MMA. The relaxation magnitude in the middle frequency range was extremely large, and the distribution of relaxation times was very narrow. These characteristics suggested relaxation of the Maxwell-Wagner type resulting from the interfacial polarization in the heterogeneous structure, which included adsorbed water with large electrical conductivity within the insulating cell walls.