基于MEC的“安吉白茶”区域品牌消费认知结构研究

采用手段目的链（MEC）理论的研究范式，对“安吉白茶”区域品牌的消费认知结构进行研究。采用软式阶梯技术对46位安吉白茶消费者进行了深度访谈，逐步引导出产品属性、消费结果与最终价值，并建立“属性-结果-价值”链接的含义矩阵和层级价值图，构建出调查对象的主观知觉取向。研究结果为“安吉白茶”市场细分及品牌定位提供了理论指导。     

Mistletoe infection in an urban forest in Mexico City

Urban forests are important lungs for urbanized environments; therefore, their study and conservation are needed. Compared with trees in natural areas, urban trees develop in more stressful conditions, which may make them more susceptible to infections by parasites such as mistletoes. Bosque de Tlalpan (BT) is an urban forest embedded in one of the largest cities of the world, Mexico City. The aim of this study was to assess which mistletoe species were present in BT, determine the intensity of the infestation, and distinguish which host species are more susceptible to mistletoe parasitism based on 20 randomly selected plots. We found that Cladocolea loniceroides was extensively distributed on the cultivated area of BT (17 plots), whereas a second species, Phoradendron brachystachyum, was found only on four plots. Seven tree species were susceptible to infection by C. loniceroides, whereas only one was susceptible to infection by P. brachystachyum. Fraxinus uhdei, the most abundant host, was the one with higher severities and larger sizes (tree height and crown length); the latter variables positively influence the severity of infection. Reforestation of the cultivated area with low diversity and exotic species appears to be a reason for the increased infestation. Therefore, we support the reforestation of urban areas with native species to provide benefits such as a lower incidence of parasitic infection and tree mortality.     

消费社会及其对人的发展的影响

消费社会是一个以生活必需品以外的消费为主的社会,其本质特征是一种符号消费。消费社会为人的发展提供了丰富的物质基础和社会发展环境,但由于消费社会是建立在以物为中心的基础之上的社会,容易导致物质资源的浪费和精神生活的空虚。在当前背景下,应关注人的生命本性,引导人们朝着自由全面的方向发展。     

Consumer perceptions of environmental and social sustainability of wood products in the Finnish market

Abstract

Consumers in today's world can perceive an additional benefit associated with responsible business practices and the sustainability of purchased products. However, in Scandinavian context, there is a lack of knowledge of consumer perceptions toward environmental and social sustainability of wood products. Our data on adult Finnish consumers (private end-users) (N=227) were collected during 2004–2007 as interview exit data from home retail centers selling building materials. The perceived environmental and social sustainability of wood products was investigated using exploratory factor analysis, and the phenomenon was observed to be a two-dimensional construct consisting of “General environmental and social sustainability” and “Specific social sustainability” reflecting strong consumer need for product safety. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the “General” dimension also explains the consumer's self-declared willingness to pay for sustainable wood products. The results also indicate that the respondents may be segmented based on their perceptions on product level environmental and social sustainability: the most environmentally and socially conscious group can be profiled by gender (female), older age, and summer cottage ownership.     

消费社会学的视角下对商业健身俱乐部消费者研究

以消费社会学为研究视角，以文献研究法、访谈法、实地考察法、问卷调查法、统计分析法等为主要研究方法，对郑州市商业健身俱乐部消费者进行调查研究。结果显示：郑州市商业健身俱乐部消费者中男女比例大致相当，中青年人、高学历人群、社会中上层及社会上层、中高收入者是商业健身俱乐部的主要消费群体；影响消费者健身消费的因素主要包括性别、年龄、文化程度、社会阶层；消费者健身消费的社会学特征主要包括：健身消费具有关系消费的性质、健身消费代表的是中上阶层消费文化、健身消费具有消费分层的特征。     

基于消费者视角的松茸冷链物流配送模式

为保障消费者可以获取具有安全保障的松茸,对松茸(Tricholoma matsutake)冷链物流配送情况进行研究,仔细分析了松茸配送的特殊性。在松茸冷链物流配送的过程中,要对其安全可靠度进行高度的重视,才能使松茸冷链物流配送的理论模式得到不断地优化和升级。在松茸冷链物流配送中确保其安全可靠性非常困难,其原因就是投入的经济成本很高,且信息闭塞、软硬件设施又较为缺失,这些都造成了严重的阻碍。对松茸冷链物流配送的实际情况进行了详细的分析,期望使共同配送模式变得更加安全可靠,使冷链信息共享平台的安全可靠度也得到不断地提高,并对冷链配送网点进行合理的布局,最终使松茸冷链物流配送得到不断地优化和升级。     

Impact of Preference Distribution and Profits on The Differentiation of Brand Competition

Based on the economics theory of market, it is proposed that the brand competition is imperfect, the differentiation of which is the result of competition and one of the determinant factors of the firm's profit. The theory of random variable distribution is applied to quantitively analyze the relationship between the probability distribution of consumers' preference and their utility and demand for brands. The conclusion is that the differentiation of consumers' preference influences the market demand for brands through prices, thus the brands should be differenced if the firms want maximum market share. Also the relationship between firms' profits and the degree of brand competition differentiation is studied with the Shaked and Sutton model, and the result is the same if the firms want the more profits.     

基于ELES模型的江苏省城镇居民消费结构研究

运用ELES模型,对2005～2009年江苏省城镇居民的消费结构以及基本需求弹性进行了研究,在实证分析的基础上归纳出了江苏省居民在消费中存在的问题,并为合理规范化消费提出了对策与建议。     

Snake prices and crocodile appetites: Aquatic wildlife supply and demand on Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia

Commercial trade is a major driver of over-exploitation of wild species, but the pattern of demand and how it responds to changes in supply is poorly understood. Here we explore the markets for snakes from Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia to evaluate future exploitation scenarios, identify entry points for conservation and, more generally, to illustrate the value of multi-scale analysis of markets to traded wildlife conservation. In Cambodia, the largest driver of snake exploitation is the domestic trade in snakes as crocodile food. We estimate that farmed crocodiles consume between 2.7 and 12.2 million snakes per year. The market price for crocodiles has been in decline since 2003, which, combined with rising prices for their food, has led to a reduced frequency of feeding and closure of small farms. The large farms that generate a disproportionate amount of the demand for snakes continue to operate in anticipation of future market opportunities, and preferences for snakes could help maintain demand if market prices for crocodiles rise to pre 2003 levels. In the absence of a sustained demand from crocodile farms, it is also possible that alternative markets will develop, such as one for human snack food. The demand for snakes, however, also depends on the availability of substitute resources, principally fish. The substitutability and low price elasticity of demand offers a relatively sustainable form of consumerism. Given the nature of these market drivers, addressing consumer preferences and limiting the protection of snakes to their breeding season are likely to be the most effective tools for conservation. This study highlights the importance of understanding the structure of markets and the behaviour of consumer demand prior to implementing regulations on wildlife hunting and trade.     

我国农村消费市场现状及开拓对策研究

就我国农村市场消费需求不足的原因,提出改善农村市场消费不足的措施,如增加农民收入、健全农村的社会保障体系、改善农村的消费环境、加强农村的金融服务体系建设以及对农民进行宣传教育,旨在为农村消费市场的开拓提供参考。