Preparation and characterization of wood/montmorillonite nanocomposites

With montmorillonite (MMT) organically modified as organophilic MMT (OMMT) and water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin (PF) as intermediate, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood/MMT nanocomposites (WMNC) were prepared via nano intercalation compounding and characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR. Results show that: 1) the preparation of OMMT is very successful; 2) the self-made PF can effectively intercalate into MMT to increase markably its gallery distance and even exfoliate its nano silicate laminae; 3) the XRD analysis indicates that some exfoliated MMT enters the non-crystallized region of microfibrils in wood cell walls and the crystallinity degree of wood in WMNC decreases; 4) the SEM graphs show that multiform MMT exists in WMNC. Some grains block in wood cell lumen, some layers adhere to the wood surface of the inner cell wall and some exfoliated nanolaminae even insert into wood cell walls; and 5) the FTIR analysis suggests that MMT and wood in WMNC perhaps interact via certain chemical bonding.     

木材/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米插层复合材料的制备构想

基于聚合物 蒙脱土纳米插层复合材料的研究成果 ,综述了插层复合方法的原理、工艺过程和产品性能 ,分析比较了单体插层原位聚合和聚合物直接插层等方法。从木材与蒙脱土的结构和组成特性出发 ,分析比较了木材与聚合物溶解、熔融性的不同 ,讨论了利用插层复合原理制备木材 蒙脱土纳米复合材料的基本构想 ,并进一步提出了相应的技术路线和工艺流程概念图。     

农林复合经营对土壤化学性质的影响

本试验选取了拜泉县幼龄云杉纯林土壤、大豆土壤、落叶松—美国红云豆农林复合经营型土壤、杨树—水飞蓟和杨树—板蓝根林药复合经营型土壤等5种土壤类型作为研究对象,研究各种农林复合经营条件对土壤化学性质的影响。研究结果表明:实行农林复合经营对土壤化学性质有显著的影响,并因作物的品种而存在差异。总体来看,只要选择适宜的间作品种,一般对林地的土壤都有良好的改善作用。在本试验选择的3种农林复合经营类型中,杨树—板蓝根效果最好。     

不同复配比例对γ-氨基丁酸茶品质的影响

为弄清不同复配比例菊花改善γ-氨基丁酸茶不良气味的效果,采用感官审评及化学分析方法,研究了不同复配比例对γ-氨基丁酸茶品质的影响.结果表明:感官审评中,各处理的综合品质差异不大,菊花花瓣对外形匀度略有影响;γ-氨基丁酸含量,处理E最高,为1.89 mg/g;处理A最低,仅1.24 mg/g.茶多酚含量,处理B最低,为18.12％,其余处理变化不大,为20.17％～21.36％.游离氨基酸含量,各处理均较高,为5.31％～5.82％.荼多酚、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖含量均达到绿茶或花茶的质量要求,菊花香气消除了γ-氨基丁酸的不良气味.     

环氧化天然橡胶对天然橡胶/白炭黑湿法母炼胶性能的影响

将乳胶状的环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)作为界面改性剂应用于NR/白炭黑的湿法混炼,通过对比ENR改性处理的湿法母炼胶(NES)和未经改性处理的湿法母炼胶(NS),研究ENR对湿法母炼胶性能的影响。结果表明:胶料中的填料-填料网络主要是在硫化初期填料絮凝而形成,通过热处理能够降低NES的填料絮凝速率。与NS相比,不管有没有偶联剂存在,NES均具有更低的絮凝速率常数和由此导致的更弱的填料-填料网络;随着偶联剂用量的增加,胶料的300%定伸应力和耐磨性提高,且NES的提高幅度更大。分析认为,ENR一方面在白炭黑表面形成聚合物层,防止填料的絮凝;另一方面能够与硅烷偶联剂起协同作用改善填料-橡胶界面结合。     

甘肃省饲料资源的加工调制和开发利用

分析了甘肃省饲料资源的利用现状，针对甘肃省饲料资源尚未充利用，饲料加工调制数量不足，不能满足畜禽要地问题，提出了适合本省情况的饲料加工调制及饲料资源开发利用的具体方法。     

不同结构木质素聚醚磺酸盐与石油磺酸盐复配体系界面张力研究

对不同结构的木质素聚醚磺酸盐与石油磺酸盐的复配体系与华北京-11原油间的油水界面张力性质进行了研究,进而对其在该类型油田矿藏中的可行性应用进行了评估。结果表明:木质素聚醚磺酸盐与石油磺酸盐之间存在良好的协同效应,可以有效地改善石油磺酸盐的耐盐性能。三种木质素聚醚磺酸盐与石油磺酸盐的复配体系在一定的弱碱Na₂CO₃浓度下均可以使华北原油的油-水界面张力平衡值达到超低,其中LPO₁₀SO₃Na/PS体系与华北原油间超低界面张力的碱浓度范围明显拓宽,说明该复配体系对华北原油的界面活性优良,可用作石蜡基原油的驱油剂。     

Design of Wood/Montmorillonite (MMT) Intercalation NanocompositeCollege of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R.China

Studying new wood composites through nano science and technology (NSC) will develop new compounding theory of wood, and accelerate the combination of new technology, wood science, material science and other disciplines. The compounding of wood and inorganic MMT on nanoscale molecular level has high potential to greatly improve the mechanical properties, fire retardance, abrasion resistance, decay resistance, dimensional stability and other properties of wood. Based on the great achievements of polymer/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, this paper reviewed nano intercalation compounding methods (i.e. in-situ intercalative polymerization and direct polymer intercalation), and discussed the structure, properties and modification of montmorillonite (MMT). According to the main chemical components and particular structure of wood, the authors discussed the liquefaction and plasticization of wood, compared the dissolvability and meltability between wood and polymer, and then systematically put forward the basic idea, technological processes and schematic diagram to prepare wood/MMT nanocomposites (WMNC). The key technology to prepare WMNC is either to introduce delaminated MMT nanolayers into wood with the help of some intermediate polymers, or to obtain liquefied wood or plasticized wood from the complicated natural composite. It is applicable and effective to realize wood/MMT nanoscale compounding with the help of proper intercalation agent and medium polymer through the proposed "one-step" or "two-step" impregnating processes.