Antigen-nonspecific macrophage factors modulating the antibody response in vitro

Antibody response to an antigen involves the co-operation between three types of cells: macrophages, T cells and B cells. The cognate interactions between these cells play a fundamental role in the expression of a specific antibody response, but the last is modulated by antigen-nonspecific soluble factors produced either by macrophages or by T cells. Macrophages elaborate a spectrum of molecules modulating the function of lymphoid cells; among them are IL1 and prostaglandins of the E series, which are respectively enhancer and inhibitor of the antibody response in vitro. These molecules alter T cell and B cell activities through different mechanisms involving activation or inhibition of IL2 production, or alteration of cells surface antigens. However, the cellular events following the fixation of soluble factor on its receptors are not known.     

基于复杂网络从地区间经济贸易角度对我国贫富差距成因的分析

近年来,复杂性科学特别是复杂网络成为研究热点,它提供了一种全新的视角,有助于我们从整体上把握社会贫富问题的复杂性。本文基于复杂网络理论,通过建立动态的地区间经济贸易网络,从地区间经济贸易角度对我国贫富差距成因进行了分析,并最终给出了基于复杂网络对贫富差距成因的分析法较以往分析方法的优势及本文的相关结论。     

自卑与超越--沈从文创作心理浅探

从阿德勒的自卑心理学角度来探讨沈从文的创作心理,认为正是沈从文家世的衰落和在北京遭受的歧视使他产生了极度自卑的心理,为了摆脱自卑的重负,他创造了两个相映成趣的文学世界,并因此获得了自尊.但只有沈从文以更具思辩、更带理性的眼光来看取乡村和都市的时候,他的创作才真正地超越了自卑,他也才得以跻身名家之列.     

压电磁螺型位错与界面刚性线夹杂的干涉效应

采用复变函数解析延拓原理,研究了电磁材料中压电磁螺型位错和共线界面刚性线的磁电弹耦合干涉效应并得到该问题的一般解答.作为算例,求出了界面含有一条刚性线时两种压电磁介质区域广义应力函数的封闭形式解.运用扰动技术,求解了位错点的扰动应力、电位移和磁感应强度场.由推广的Peach-Koehler公式求出了作用在位错上的位错力,讨论了共线界面刚性线对位错力的影响规律.文中所得到的解不但可作为格林函数获得任意分布位错的相应解答,而且可以用于研究无穷远纵向剪切和面内电磁场作用下界面刚性线夹杂和介质中任意形状裂纹的磁电弹耦合干涉效应问题.     

Protective effect of adiponectin on glucose and lipid metabolism by suppressing MHCⅡ expression

AIM: To investigate whether the protective effect of adiponectin on glucose and lipid metabolism is achieved through down-regulating major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ (MHCⅡ) in the adipose tissue. METHODS: Adiponectin knockout (KO) mice and C57BL/6(WT) mice were fed with high-fat diet and standard diet for 24 weeks, respectively. The body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hepatic histology, and class Ⅱ trans-activator (CⅡTA), histocompatibility 2 class Ⅱ antigen E beta (H2-Eb1) and cluster of differentiation 74(CD74) mRNA and MHC Ⅱ protein levels in adipose tissue were measured at sacrifice. siRNA targeting MHC Ⅱ and overexpression vector was used in 3T3-L1 cells to explore the effect of adiponectin on the protein level of MHCⅡ. RESULTS: The levels of body weight, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, hepatic steatosis, CⅡTA, H2-Eb1 and CD74 mRNA expression, and MHCⅡ protein expression in the KO mice were higher than those in the WT mice that fed with high-fat diet or standard diet. In 3T3-L1 cells, inhibition of adiponectin reversed MHC Ⅱ protein level induced by specific siRNA. The expression of MHC Ⅱ in adipocytes decreased after adiponectin was overexpressed. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin improves glucose and lipid metabolism through suppressing the expression of MHCⅡ in the adipose tissue.     

Resistance to the Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus Complex — Differential Genotypic Reactions and Genetics of BaMMV-Resistance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Barley yellow mosaic disease is caused by several viruses, i.e. barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) and BaYMV-2. The reaction of different barley germplasms to the barley mosaic viruses was studied in field and greenhouse experiments. The results show a complex situation; some varieties are resistant to all the viruses, while others are resistant to one or two of them only. Crosses between different barley germplasms were earned out in order to test whether genetic diversity of resistance against mosaic viruses does exist, particularly, BaMMV. A total of 45 foreign barley varieties were crossed to German cultivars carrying the resistance gene ym4. In F₂ of 27 crosses, no segregation could be detected, leading to the conclusion that the resistance genes of the foreign parents are allelic with ym4 e.g. Ym1 (‘Mokusekko 3’) and Ym2 (‘Mihori Hadaka 3’). A total of 18 crosses segregated in F₂ indicating that foreign parents, like ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’, ‘Iwate Omugi 1’, and “Anson Barley”, carry resistance genes different from the gene of German cultivars, e.g. ‘Asorbia’ or ‘Franka’. By means of statistical evaluation (Chi²-test), the observed segregation ratios were analyzed in order to obtain significant information on the heredity of resistance. All the resistance genes described here as being different from the gene ym4, act recessively. Most of the exotic varieties seem to carry only one resistance gene. In a few cases, more than one gene may be present.     

Mode-Superposition Method for Passive Energy Dissipation Structures

The methods of equivalent linearization of different energy dissipation devices are different in analyzing passive energy dissipation structure including different type of energy dissipation device by using of mode-superposition response spectrum method based on equivalent linearization, which results in the differences in computing accuracy and cost in dynamic analysis. For structures separately installed different energy dissipation devices, authors utilize relatively uncoupled mode-superposition method and complex mode-superposition method for contrast analysis, and probe into the suitability of the two methods in the dynamic analysis of passive energy dissipation structure. Numerical results show that complex mode-superposition method could be better for structure with viscous dampers in order to guarantee accuracy, and relatively uncoupled mode-superposition method is recommended for structure with viscoelastic, metallic or frictional ones.     

加强认识 积极推进测土配方施肥

配方施肥就是合理供应和协调作物必须的各种营养元素,从而达到提高和改善产品品质、减少肥料浪费和防止环境污染的目的。全面开展测土配方施肥工作,大力推进测土配方施肥技术的普及,是实现农业可持续发展,促进粮食增产、农民增收的重要措施。     

A simple procedure for yield component analysis

Summary This paper introduces a simple method of analysing yield components. It allows quantification of the contribution of each component to the variability of final yield. The method is based on log-transforms of measurements of the component traits. Applications in heterosis breeding and stability analysis are discussed. The method is compared to other procedures of yield component analysis.