北部湾浮游幼虫群落结构及其环境适应性分析

根据1998年2月至1999年5月在北部湾海域按季度进行的4个航次生态、环境综合调查资料,本文研究了北部湾海域浮游幼虫的主要类群及其季节变动。结果表明:北部湾海域浮游幼虫主要有15大类群;其中4类(长尾类幼虫、短尾类幼虫、口足类阿利玛幼虫、蛇尾类长腕幼虫)周年出现,其它为季节性出现。长尾类幼虫、口足类阿利玛幼虫、蛇尾类长腕幼虫、短尾类溞状幼虫、短尾类大眼幼虫及其它短尾类幼虫为优势类群。北部湾浮游幼虫的年丰度变化范围为0.02~7.65ind/m³,均值为0.50ind/m³,四季的丰度为夏季(0.86ind/m³)>春季(0.40ind/m³)>秋季(0.32ind/m³)>冬季(0.12ind/m³)。从春季到冬季整个浮游幼虫密集中心呈逆时针从湾的东北部向西北部海区移动,移至湾的中部后再返至西北部。K优势度曲线分析表明群落多样性由高到低依次为春季>冬季>夏季>秋季,总体上浮游幼虫群落多样性的季节差异不大。典范对应分析结果表明影响浮游幼虫栖息密度的主要因子是水温和pH,其次是盐度、溶解氧。     

三种地板类型对母猪肢蹄健康的影响

为探索饲养母猪适宜的地板类型,跟踪分析3 600头母猪在3种地板模式下肢蹄部健康状况的影响。结果表明:使用新型复合材料开放式地板的母猪肢蹄健康状态最好,母猪肢蹄部病变比例为17.87%;半开放式混凝土地板加三合土地板次之,母猪肢蹄部病变为23.67%;限位饲养全混凝土地板较差,母猪肢蹄部病变为30.44%。试验数据说明,利用全漏缝新材料复合地板在自由采食饲养管理方式作用下,能够改善母猪肢蹄部健康状况的新思路、新方法是有效的、可行的。     

抚顺西排土场矸石山阴坡物种多样性变化特征

抚顺西排土场矸石山阴坡随着排矸年限的增加，物种多样性发生变化，物种数由初期的4科5种增至后期14科29种。植被由最初的鹅绒藤＋豚草＋刺蒺藜群落，逐步演变到榆树群落。在阴坡，不同排矸年限的样地，植物群落多样性指数随着排矸时间的延长而增加；物种综合多样性指数、丰富度指数与排矸年限呈显著正相关关系。     

阿勒泰地区土地类型与农业自然分区

阿勒泰地区位于北纬44°59′-49°11′和东经85°32′-91°01′,区内分布有高山、丘陵、河谷、平原、沙漠、戈壁和湖泊,土地面积为17750万亩。对该区土地类型进行研究,有助于认识影响土地分异的因素和探讨农业自然分区,为合理利用土地资源,发展农、林、牧业生产提供科学依据。     

苔藓植物生态学研究的数量分析方法

植被数量分析方法在苔藓植被中的应用起步较晚，仅有20多年的研究历史，但发展却十分迅速。这里介绍了目前苔藓植物生态学研究中应用较为普遍的数量分析方法，并探讨了各自的优缺点。     

新疆哈纳斯自然保护区地衣群落的聚类分析

我们根据多年的实地调查结果并采用聚类分析方法对分布在哈纳斯国家级自然保护区的地衣群落进行了研究。结果表明分布在该地区的地衣种类有 10 3种 ,他们分别属于 2 0科 ,4 0属。地衣物种形成了 6种群落。同时发现该地区地衣对基物形成专一性 ,它们的基物包括 :树皮、藓丛、藓土、草地、石面、地面、土层、石浮土等。     

勒克瑙根结线虫居群对我国亚热带丝瓜的危害

通过田间对感根结虫病的丝瓜植株取样调查发现 ,勒克瑙根结线虫居群对中国亚热带地区丝瓜生产危害较大 ,受害面积占调查面积的30% ,减产25%以上。研究发现勒克瑙根结线虫居群危害丝瓜的原因是丝瓜属于勒克瑙根结线虫的寄生植物 ;防治勒克瑙根结线虫居群危害最有效、最经济的方法是利用勒克瑙根结线虫属专性植物寄生线虫的生物学特性 ,实行蔬菜品种轮作。     

Community Forestry and Sustainable Development in Rural Area

After analysis on the current situation of international forestry, this paper proposes that integration, coordination and sustainable development will be the general developing trend of forest in China, and commercial forest, ecological forest and community forest should be organically combined with integrative development and sustainable development in rural areas. This paper focuses especially on clarifying the importance of community forest to the social development or rural areas, and emphasizes that the key point of forestry should be turned from biological and technical aspects to humane and social aspects.     

Yield Structure of Winter Faba Beans Grown in Northern Germany in Dependence of Different Environments, Seed Rates, Sowing Rates and Genotypes

Two series of field trials were performed at three sites in Schleswig-Holstein between 1981 and 1988 to inquire into the yield structure of European winter types of Vicia faba L. and to compare their yield potential with that of spring types. Due to low winter survival, 6 winter types could be evaluated only in 4 environments in dependence of 1–3 sowing times (series α: seed rate 30/m²) and 1 winter type in 5 environments in dependence of 3 sowing times and 3 seed rates (series β: seed rate 15, 30, 45/m²). Seed yield of winter type averaged 410 g/m² (D.M.) surpassing spring types by about 14 %. Environments caused a considerable variation in yield (275–620 g/m²) and in each yield component of winter types, while sowing dates and seed rates hardly affected the components seeds/pod and seed weight, which displayed stable genotypic rank orders. Compensative forces among the components plants/m², tillers/plant and pods/tiller, were established. Plant densities of less than 10/m² in spring, generally led to seed yield below 350 g/m². Variation between 15–30 plants/m² due to environments, sowing times or seed rates were frequently not fully compensated by tillering of plants, but often variation of the thus formed yield potential was reduced by pod set of tillers resulting in 210–270 pods/m². The direction of correlations of pods/tillers with tillers/plant and plants/m² differed due to experimental conditions whereas negative correlations between pods/tiller and tillers/ m² were generally evident. Tillering was significantly influenced by the sowing time, though the increase because of early sowing was often covered by compensative effects of different plant densities. A genotypic capability to produce reproductive tillers was demonstrated using an approach which considered different plant densities and compensative forces. Neither a genotypic capability of tillers to set pods nor direct effects of environments or sowing time on pod set were established.     

日粮类型对猪肉营养和品质的影响

在日粮粗蛋白、能量、钙、磷水平相近的情况下，蛋白饲料种类及微量元素Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ添加水平不同，所饲喂猪只肉质与肉食营养不相一致。根据本试验结果，“豆饼＋鱼粉”型日粮在高剂量Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ的协同作用下有利于促进肌肉的生长和饲料氨基酸向肌肉氨基酸的转化，而“棉籽饼＋菜籽饼”型日粮可期望获得较好的肉质。肌肉Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ沉积受饲料影响不明显。