Effects of Shading on Chlorophyll Content,Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis of Subterranean Clover

A field‐experiment (2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons) was conducted in the coastal plain of south‐eastern Sicily (37°03′N, 15°18′E, 15 m a.s.l.), on a Calcixerollic Xerochrepts soil, aimed at quantifying the effect of shading on chlorophyll (Chl) content, Chl fluorescence, photosynthesis and growth of subterranean clover. Four levels of photosynthetically active radiation reduction (from 0 % to 90 %) were tested on Trifolium brachycalycinum cv. ‘Clare’ and Trifolium subterraneum ecotype ‘Ragalna’. In both species shading progressively increased F_v/F_m, internal CO₂ concentration, diffusive leaf resistance and specific leaf area (up to 8 %, 34 %, 18 % and 68 %, respectively), and decreased Chl content, T_max, photosynthetic rate and plant dry weight (up to 9 %, 24 %, 79 % and 39 %, respectively). As plants aged, characteristic bell‐shaped trends were evident for photosynthetic parameters, with F_v/F_m increasing up until the onset of flowering, and thereafter declining. This implies that F_v/F_m may be a useful indicator of earliness in subterranean clover genotypes. The aboveground dry biomass response to shading was both genotype‐ and season‐dependent, but was predictable from the measurement of relative leaf Chl content. Moreover, our results suggest that an improvement in the interaction between host‐rhizobium may represent a major potential breeding target for enhancing subterranean clover tolerance to shading.     

Crown development in young Picea abies stands

A dynamic model of branch length and weight growth was developed for two contrasting sites, both with young stands of spruce. At one site sample trees were obtained from both unfertilised plots and from plots with increased growth rate maintained by annual fertilisation. At the second site unfertilised trees and trees subject to single applications of fertiliser were modelled. A model of the same structure was developed for each site and tested by application at the alternate site. In view of the close agreement between sites, model parameters were calculated based on all data combined. The model is driven by height increment and branch age. The sample trees were mostly open grown so that only a tentative estimate of the effects of between tree competition is given. The limitations of the model are stressed.     

不同饲料饲喂断奶仔猪对比试验研究

为了给断奶仔猪选择合适的饲料类型,采用2种类型的饲料对60头35日龄断奶的仔猪进行饲养试验。试验分为2组,即颗粒饲料组和粉状饲料组,每组三个重复,经30 d的饲养试验,结果表明：颗粒饲料组仔猪体质量每日增加数、日头均耗料量明显高于粉状饲料组（P〈0.05）,且颗粒饲料组的经济效益要高于粉状饲料组,而饲料转化效率没有明显差异（P〉0.05）,说明颗粒饲料比粉状饲料更适合饲喂断奶仔猪.     

高效凝胶过滤色谱法测定肽的相对分子量分布

采用高效凝胶过滤色谱法,对肽粉、酵母核苷酸和自溶酵母粉三种肽类产品的相对分子量大小及分布进行了测定。结果表明,此三种产品的相对分子量分布范围集中在2000Da以下,寡肽含量丰富,其中含有一定量的游离氨基酸和氨基酸残基。该方法简便快捷、准确性高、重复性好,适合肽类产品分子量(<1 0KD)分布的分析检测。     

三江源区牦牛冷季补饲效果研究

两个月的试验结果表明,补饲精料对减少牦牛冷季掉膘有明显作用。8月龄牦牛补饲精料试验组比对照组少减重2.81kg,两者之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。20月龄补饲精料牦牛试验组比对照组少重2.19kg,两者之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。通过计算投产比得出,补饲精料是增加三江源区牦牛冷季营养供给,减少掉膘,提高生产效率的有效途径。     

双子矩阵的特征值和特征向量

通过对极大极小（γ，δ）双子在某一特征值下的等价定义，把任意的极大极小（γ，δ）双子化为极大代数下的双子，从而得到计算极大极小〈γ，δ〉双子Ｍ矩阵的特征值与特征向量的方法以及有关的结论。     

梭梭属不同种源种子品质初评

梭梭属(Haloxylon Bge.)的两个种,主要分布在新疆准噶尔盆地,是优良防风固沙和薪炭树种,被列为国家重点保护植物。国内对两种梭梭的利用和研究,从50年代末就已经开始进行,至今已做了大量的工作,但对其种子特性的研究报道甚少。为了更深入了解梭梭两种植物的种子特性,我们于1987年选用吐鲁番沙漠研究站引种成功的两种梭梭(H.ammodendron、H.Persicum)的种子同原分布区莫索湾沙漠研究站采的种子,对其品质进行了对比试验分析,为梭梭属引种工作中的种源选择及种子保存提供依据。现将结果报道如下。     

白羽鸡快,慢羽纯系及其杂交后代早期生长的研究

本文通过3个快羽纯系和3个慢羽纯系以及9个自别雌雄商品杂交组合,测定快、慢羽伴性等位基因(k~ 和K)对白羽蛋鸡早期体重的影响。结果,在兼用型鸡中,由同一来源分离出的快羽C系1～10周龄体重明显高于慢羽D系(P<0.05),表现出明显羽速效应;而在蛋用型鸡中,由同一来源分离出的快羽B系早期体重则低于慢羽G系(1～5周龄P<0.05,6～10周龄P<0.10)。表明快慢羽基因的羽速效应因品种(或品系)的不同而异。9个配套组的杂交鸡早期体重均低于双亲均值,明显表现出负的杂交优势,有利于蛋鸡最适体型的筛选。     

The impact of Theileria parva infections and other factors on calf mean daily weight gains in smallholder dairy farms in Murang'a District, Kenya

The association between mean daily weight gain, Theileria parva infections, clinical East Coast fever and other possible determinants of weight gain were examined in a longitudinal observational study that was conducted in cohorts of female calves from five agro-ecological zone (AEZ)-grazing strata. The strata were upper-midlands (UM) 1 zero-grazing, UM 1 open-grazing, UM 2 zero-grazing, UM 4 zero-grazing and UM 4 open-grazing. In total, 225 calves on 188 smallholder dairy farms were visited within the first 2 weeks of life and thereafter at biweekly intervals up to the age of 6 months between March 1995 and August 1996. During each visit, the calves were weighed and other calf-management practices in the farm during the visit such as housing, feeding and tick control also were recorded. Other events such as morbidity and mortality between or during the visits were also recorded.

The overall mean daily weight gains were 0.24–0.29 kg (S.D.=0.17–0.22 kg) and were lower than the recommended targets for smallholder farms of 0.40–0.50 kg. The major tendency in variability of daily weight gains was due to visit-to-visit variation (especially in calves >3 months old).

Differences in mean daily gains were associated with AEZ-grazing strata and calf-level factors that included breed of calf, calf sickness, incidence of ECF, feeding of milk, concentrate feeds and minerals and interaction between calf age and AEZ-grazing strata (P<0.05). ECF and other calf sicknesses exerted a temporal effect on calf-growth at the height of illness and immediately after; calves later recovered the lost growth except where other factors such as poor calf nutrition prevailed. Improvement in calf-growth in Murang’a District is achievable and extension services should continue to target individual-calf-level management practices.     

饲养水平、年龄及体重对牛产肉性能影响的研究

本研究在控制牛品种相同的条件下,分析了营养水平、年龄及体重等因素对牛产肉性能的影响。结果表明,日粮营养水平对肉的品质和产肉量都有显著的影响,活重对牛产肉量也有较显著影响,而年龄对肉质和产肉量均无显著影响。要提高牛肉的生产水平应选择体重大的个体,同时以较高营养水平的日粮饲养。