某水电站库区泥石流灾害特征及其防治对策

某水电站位于四川省境内，属于西溪河4级梯级电站的第二级。水电站库区、尤其是库尾附近泥石流相当发育。在对该水电站库区泥石流的形成条件及基本特征阐述的基础上，对库区泥石流当前的灾害分布特征进行了分析，并对泥石流的危害性和输沙量进行了预测，最后提出了对该水电站库区泥石流的防治措施。     

甘家沟泥石流特征及其防治对策

甘家沟是一条国内有名的严重泥石流沟，流域内有骨塌体５２处，面积达２４．３ｋｍ＾２，松散固体物质达１３４１３万ｍ＾３，泥石流形条件极为优越，为了保护沿江农田，村镇，公路和上游武都县城的安全，根据泥石流的形成特点和成灾方式，该流域的泥石流防治采取了和物措施与工程措施相结合，以式程措施为主，拦挡与排导相结合，以拦为主的综合治方案。     

从自然地理背景宏观判析黄河中游粗泥沙集中来源区

为在黄河中游多沙粗沙区确定粗泥沙集中来源区,从黄河中游多沙粗沙区地质构造、地层岩性、地貌类型、水文气象等因素与产粗泥沙关系的区域差异对粗泥沙集中来源区进行了宏观判析,认为在黄河中游多沙粗沙区范围内,吴旗—志丹—延安—延长一线以北、东胜—准格尔—清水河一线以南、吴旗—榆林—神木—大柳塔一线以东(风沙区以东)至晋西北黄河沿岸的范围是侵蚀最为严重的地区,也是粗泥沙集中来源区的宏观待选范围。     

坡面泥石流起动模型研究

针对单一坡面泥石流起动模型进行研究。基于土壤动力学理论、土壤下渗理论和土壤水动力学理论,以及土体含水率变化引起土体抗剪切应力变化的物理机理,提出了坡面泥石流起动模式。在此基础上,结合传统分布式水文模型理论,建立了分布式坡面泥石流起动模型。模型应用于云南蒋家沟典型坡面泥石流研究,能够预测坡面泥石流起动的时间、部位和起动量,进行多时段模拟坡面泥石流入沟流量过程线,模拟结果体现了泥石流发生阵发性、不连续性、滞后性的特征,这与实际观测情况吻合,表明应用该模型研究坡面泥石流的起动是可行的,能够为进一步的泥石流数值模拟提供依据。     

长江上游滑坡、泥石流防灾减灾的探索与实践

长江上游是我国滑坡、泥石流灾害分布最为集中、危害最为严重的地区之一 ,约有大小滑坡 15万处、泥石流沟万余条。 1991年长江上游滑坡、泥石流预警系统建成并投入运行 ,10年多来坚持预防为主、分区分级管理、重点监测、专业监测与群测群防相结合 ,已成功预报 10 0多起滑坡、泥石流灾害险情 ,使 3 3万多人免遭灾难 ,避免直接经济损失达亿元 ,成效十分显著。介绍了长江上游滑坡、泥石流灾害及其特点、预警系统防灾减灾的主要经验等     

Cut logs and high stumps of spruce, birch, aspen and oak - nine years of saproxylic fungi succession

Managed stands generally contain little coarse woody debris compared to natural forests. This study addresses the potential of retained cut wood to increase the amount of substrate available for a variety of saproxylic fungi.Fruit bodies of fungi were recorded from 270 cut high stumps and logs of spruce, birch, aspen and oak over nine years of initial succession. A total of 1565 occurrences of 148 species, seven of which were red-listed, were found. Numbers of species were significantly higher on logs than on stumps. Annual diversity peaked four to seven years after logging, sooner on logs than on stumps. Numbers of species were positively related to substrate diameter, but not to the level of shade/sun-exposure, while the presence of some individual species were significantly affected by one or both of these factors. Comparisons with data from the literature indicated no fundamental differences between fungal communities on cut wood and on naturally dead substrates. We conclude that cut wood left on site, especially logs, may mimic dead wood from trees that die swiftly from natural causes and support diverse fungal communities, both in shaded stands and in open logging sites. Substrates generated by slow self-thinning processes in natural forests however, are probably difficult to mimic in managed stands.     

辽西绿色有机杂粮生产基地建设与产品开发效益评价

辽西朝阳地区十年九旱,干旱是制约农业发展的主要因素。由于旱田和坡耕地较多,得天独厚的光热资源适宜抗旱杂粮作物生长,具备优质杂粮生产的地理气候优势。同时当地农民有种植杂粮的悠久历史和丰富经验,是开发具有地方特色的绿色有机杂粮产品的天然宝地,适合大面积发展杂粮产业。2004~2007年在绿色有机杂粮基地建设和杂粮产品开发上,创新运筹模式,获得了明显的经济效益与社会效益,推进了辽西地区的杂粮产业化的进程,实现了产品升级和农业增收。     

我国木本生物柴油原料研发现状及产业化前景

系统总结了木本生物柴油原料科研和产业化动态,对木本生物柴油原料资源现状、选择指标体系和主要木本生物柴油原料转化生物柴油工艺技术及产品理化性质进行了分析;结合科研工作进展,阐述了我国木本生物柴油原料研究中的存在的问题;对木本生物柴油原料产业化前景进行了预测,发现利用非耕地资源发展木本生物柴油原料潜力巨大。针对发展木本生物柴油原料提出4点建议：1）重点加强原料油植物育种、定向培育和资源高效转化的科技攻关;2）针对资源培育周期长的特点不断优化完善产业发展政策体系,重点推动木本生物柴油进入市场;3）加强科学研究,组织力量对关键技术进行科研攻关;4）加强宣传教育,建立由市场牵龙头企业建基地、基地连农户种植的运行模式,促进木本生物柴油原料产业快速、健康、有序、协调地发展。     

林木生物质资源集料物流系统及装备配置

林木生物质资源收集及运输过程是典型的物流系统工程,是我国生物质能源开发试验、试点示范和产业化研究的瓶颈问题.概述了林木生物质资源集料物流系统的定义、系统要素、系统模式的建立,给出了林木生物质资源集料物流系统的装备配置.     

Models to predict time since death of Picea abies Snags

Number of years since death was estimated by dendrochronological cross-dating of 107 standing dead trees (snags) of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in a submountainous old-growth forest in south–central Norway. Snag characteristics (size, bark cover, branch order present and variables derived from tree-ring analyses) were used in stepwise linear regression procedures to identify variables that explained time since death. Number of branch orders present (where branches growing directly on the stem were branch order 1, branches growing on order 1 branches were order 2, and so on) explained two-thirds of the variation in time since death. Adding other significant variables, such as diameter, relative height of snags, percentage bark cover and average tree-ring width in the final years before death, increased model precision only moderately. The models were validated by the PRESS statistic, which showed that new observations were predicted fairly well with 65–69% of the variation explained.