Soil quality index as a tool for Scots pine （Pinus sylvestris） monoculture conversion planning on afforested,reclaimed mine land

In Central Europe,a large portion of post-mining sites were afforested with Scots pine,which is characterized by good adaptability and a tolerance for poor habitat at the beginning of forest ecosystem development.Conversion of monoculture on mine sites into more biodiverse mixed hardwood forests,especially on more fertile deposits,can be an emerging need in this part of Europe in next decades.The ability to classify the forests at these post-mining sites will facilitate proper species selection as well as the management and formation of the developed ecosystem’s stability.This work describes the guidelines that can be followed to assess reclaimed mine soil(RMS)quality,using the mine soil quality index(MSQI)and a classification of developed forest sites as a basis of tree-stand species selection and conversion of pine monocultures.The research was conducted on four post-mining facilities(lignite,hard coal,sulphur,and sand pit mining areas)on different RMS substrates dominant in Central Europe.Soil quality assessment takes into account the following features of the soil:texture soil nutrients(Ca,Mg,K,Na,P);acidity(pH KCl);and Corg-to-Nt ratio in the initial organic horizon.An analysis was conducted of classification systems using the MSQI validation correlation(at p=0.05)with vegetation features affected by succession:aboveground biomass of forest floor and ecological indicators of vascular plants(calculated on the basis of Ellenberg’s(2009)system).Eventually,in the analysed data set,the MSQI ranged from0.270 for soils on quaternary sands to 0.720 for a mix of quaternary loamy sands with neogene clays.Potential forest habitat types and the role of the pine in the next generation of tree stands on different RMS parent rock substrate were proposed.     

Evolution of forest cover in Portugal: A review of the 12th–20th centuries

Portugal's forests in the 12th century were dominated by the Fagaceae represented by Quercus and Castanea, and several pine species.From the 12th century onwards, forests underwent changes in their management starting with protection and ultimately leading to intense exploitation. The massive naval construction during the maritime expansion(mainly in the 15th–16th centuries) involved felling of approximately 5 million trees mainly Quercus suber, Pinus pinea and other Quercus species. Cumulative fuel-wood consumption of 959 Mm3 during 1300–1854 was attributed to demographic expansion while the deforestation rate during 1636–1854 accounted for a minimum of 72.6% and a maximum of 96% of total forest cover. The volume of timber used in railway sleepers from 1856 onwards might have reached 0.5 Mm3. The last quarter of the 20th century increased the forest cover of Portugal through the World Bank program of Eucalyptus globulus reforestation.     

基于遥感技术的森林可燃物类型划分

应用监督分类法中的最大似然法(Maximum Likelihood Classification)以及遥感图像对塔河林业局森林可燃物类型划分的结果为:针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林、空地等几种类型,并绘制了可燃物类型分布图,经分类精度检验,总体分类精度为83.00%,KAPPA系数为0.769。同时,对不同可燃物类型的特点进行了分析。     

防火林带营造木荷火力楠混交林生长效果分析

对马尾松低产林改造,营造防火林带木荷火力楠生长效果进行了调查,发现林木生长良好。结果显示：经过14a的培育,其林木生长不同,木荷火力楠混交林的林分生长量,比木荷、火力楠纯林的林分生长量更具优势,平均树高、胸径、树冠、枝下高、郁闭度、单株材积、蓄积量,分别比木荷、火力楠纯林林分平均树高大13.54%、8.55%,胸径粗18.39%、14.21%,树冠大8.24%、22.26%,枝下高8.75%、17.67%,郁闭度大2.13%、3.23%,单株材积大45.43%、41.18%,蓄积量大54.95%、37.54%。土壤肥力N、P、K分别提高0.9%、1.92%、1.79%,1.80%、6.00%、3.64%。木荷火力楠混交林能涵养水源、保持水土,有效控制林火蔓延,可减少森林火灾和灾后损失。     

建阳市森林生态系统服务价值评估

根据建阳市2011年森林资源清查资料和相关部门提供的监测数据,应用《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》对其森林生态系统服务功能进行价值评估,结果表明：2011年建阳市森林生态系统服务功能总价值为169．27亿元／a;7项服务功能价值大小排序为涵养水源〉生物多样性保护〉保育土壤〉固碳制氧〉物质生产〉净化大气环境〉森林旅游,其中涵养水源、生物多样性保护和保育土壤3种服务价值占整个森林生态系统服务功能总价值的80．2％。     

2013年冬季海口林场常绿植物冻害调查分析

针对2013年冬季昆明遭遇了低温雨雪天气的影响,对昆明市海口林场露天苗圃地栽培的常绿植物冻害进行了调查。结果显示：所调查的43种植物中,16种植物有不同程度的受冻,占37．2％;冻害级别3级以上有8种,分别是缅桂、清香木、小叶女贞、尖叶木樨榄、小叶榕、马蹄荷、三角梅、鹅掌柴,占18．6％;部分树种幼树和成年大树冻害程度一样,部分树种随着年龄增加,冻害程度降低。根据这次冻害的发生情况,提出了在今后苗木生产过程中,要针对性地对易受冻害的苗木进行保护管理,推广应用抗冻能力强的植物,改良抗冻能力,加大应用乡土绿化植物的力度。     

浅析兵团第八师森林抚育的问题及对策

阐述了兵团实施森林抚育的意义,着重分析了森林抚育目前存在的问题,并从培训力度、检查整改、规范编制等方面提出了应采取的对策。     

甘肃省经济林持续发展的经济学分析

立足于区域经济学的角度,从影响区域经济活动的资源禀赋、资源配置能力、区域条件、外部环境四个方面阐述了甘肃省经济林发展的现状,以期对未来甘肃省经济林的持续发展提供参考和借鉴。     

基于景观指数的八达岭林场森林景观格局动态分析

以2004年和2009年2期的八达岭林场林相图以及森林资源二类调查数据为基础,在 Arc-gis 9．3软件平台上进行空间信息建立和处理,利用景观格局指数和半变异函数方法从不同尺度分析八达岭林场森林景观格局的动态变化,为八达岭林场森林景观规划提供基本依据。结果表明,混交林、针叶林、阔叶林和灌木林始终是八达岭林场的优势景观类型,其中阔叶林面积减少,针叶林的生态效用逐渐增加,各景观类型趋向于更加均匀合理的方向发展。在1 km尺度下,香农多样性指数的最高值出现在林场的中部,并向外呈现出依次递减的环状扩展模式,空间相关性明显提高,随机因素对总体空间异质性的影响减小,景观多样性空间分布不平衡,景观破碎化程度有所改善。     

浅谈海口林场林地管理

指出了林地是非常珍贵的土地利用类型,具有经济功能、生态功能和社会功能,规划好林业用地具有重要的国民经济意义。现阶段如何解决林地管理工作中存在的矛盾和问题,是林地管理工作跨入新世纪应该引起重视和认真加以研究的新课题。分析了海口林场基本情况及管理的现状,探讨了林地管理工作中存在的问题,提出了加强林地管理工作的思路。