潞城市有机旱作农业发展路径的初步研究

走绿色有机旱作之路是实现农田可持续、保障农产品质量产量的必由之路。近年来，潞城市遵循绿色有机这一发展思路，以封闭示范区带动有机旱作农业发展，农业现代化初见规模。通过调查研究该市有机旱作发展现状，并分析其存在问题并给出相应对策建议，对于有机旱作工作指示以及“长治路径”的打造具有一定参考价值。     

Effect of herbicide application on weed flora under conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe

Increased challenges of weed control in the smallholder farming sector of southern Africa have often resulted in small yields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different weed control strategies on weed flora and composition under conservation agriculture (CA) systems in Zimbabwe. This study was conducted at three on-station trial sites namely Domboshawa Training Centre (DTC), University of Zimbabwe farm (UZ farm) and Henderson Research Station (HRS) in a maize–soybean rotation for four seasons from 2009–2010 to 2012–2013 seasons. Hand weeding was done whenever weeds were 10 cm tall or 10 cm in circumference for weeds with a stoloniferous growth habit. Weed identification was done up to the weed species level, and the Shannon–Weiner diversity and evenness index was used to determine the response of weed flora to herbicides. Results showed that there were more weeds in the early years which decreased gradually until the final season. Weed species diversity was not affected by herbicide application and the results indicated that weed species diversity was small in CA systems. Annual weed species constituted a greater proportion of species, and species richness decreased with the duration of the study. Richardia scabra L. and Galinsoga parviflora Cav. were the most common dominant weed species at all sites and in all seasons. Moreover, herbicide application had no effect on the evenness of weeds in the plots but site characteristics had a significant effect on the distribution of weed species (weed species evenness). The results presented in this study suggest that herbicide application facilitates a depletion of weed seed bank/number of weeds over time. Thus, herbicide application in CA has potential to reduce weed density, species richness and species diversity in the long term which may lead to more labour savings and larger yields.     

南京市乡级农业科技推广机构的稳定和发展研究

南京市乡级农技推广机构有农业、林业、畜牧兽医、水产、蔬菜、水利、农机、农经等8个系统。乡级农技推广机构在科技兴农中发挥了引进、繁育、推广优良品种,推广先进种植、养殖技术,做好领导的参谋助手,兴办经济实体等重要作用,使科技进步在农业发展中的贡献份额由“八五”初期的35％提高到现在的40．5％。目前乡站急待解决的问题是：经费不足,体制不顺,管理不善,人员素质偏低,工作实效不高和方向不明等问题。建议：按文定编,落实编制;增加投入,解决经费;抓好机构管理和队伍建设;进一步端正办站方向。     

内蒙古宁城立体栽培光能利用率分析

１９９５～１９９８年,实施了《内蒙古东南部水浇地立体栽培技术的研究》。４ａ研究结果表明,立体栽培比等行距单作玉米增粮３８．５％,增值１００．４％,增效１１７．１％。光能利用率达到１．７８０,比等行距单作玉米提高０．６９８个百分点。     

Vakavanua,vakamatanitū: discourses of development in Fiji

Discourses about development have contributed to profound socio-economic transformation in all parts of the world. This paper examines the development debate in Fiji with particular reference to two distinctive approaches: state-led developmentalism (vakamatanitū) and a discourse about custom-led development (vakavanua). Political and economic dimensions of these alternative discourses are reviewed with particular reference to land tenure systems in Fiji. Challenges to both vakamatanitū and vakavanua from an emerging literature on globalism will shift the focus of debate from ‘intentional’ to ‘immanent’ development in Fiji.     

振兴“彩色农业”的系统策划

基于世界“彩色农（林）业”市场看好,针对我国花卉农（林）业产销方面存在的问题与潜力,提出了瞄准国内外花卉市场需求,组建“花卉出口联营集团”,多方面协同“养鸡”和“下蛋”,集中科技力量,开发名、特、新、奇、稀产品,抓好保鲜和快运配套,疏通销售渠道和开拓市场等加快发展“彩色农（林）业”的举措。     

田间喷-管结合灌水技术体系的研究

该文在总结以往经验基础上,分析了喷灌与管灌在粮田灌溉中的优点和缺点,针对北方地区管灌面积甚广,亟待配套完善的现状,提出了“喷－管结合,扬长避短,择优施灌”的田间灌水新技术体系,通过配套部件研制、测试及田间对比试验和投资、能耗分析,这一体系在技术上是可行的,经济上是合理的。并已在北京等地推广应用。     

窝铺山区生态农业的建设研究

文章探讨了发展山区农业经济的问题,如何利用自然资源,利用现代科学技术建设生态农业系统工程,发展农业生产、振兴山区经济.按照“多层利用型”、“综合利用型”及“循环利用型”三种生态农业单元进行建设与研究.运用生态经济学原理与系统工程方法,以小流域综合治理、保持水土为基础,以发展林果业、城郊型畜牧业为重点,充分利用光、热、水、土等自然资源和现代科学技术,走种、养、加的路子,实现物质能量的多层次循环利用与转换,提高了农民的科学文化素质,获得了良好的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益.     

精细农业的研究进展

从农业资源的利用现状出发,论述了精细农业的技术体系和支撑技术体系,分析了精细农业的研究现状及其发展趋势．     

国外节水农业研究与实践

在全球水资源日趋紧张的形势下 ,世界各国都在积极探索解决水资源短缺的有效途径 ,以解决农业生产问题。其中一个重要途径就是发展节水型农业。对节水型农业的研究已经成为农业领域里一场新的技术革命 ,涵盖了有关农业用水的管理政策、工程节水、开辟新水源、农艺节水和生物节水等多个方面