柑橘渣对奶牛泌乳性能、养分消化率及乳成分的影响

试验评估不同水平柑橘渣对奶牛泌乳性能、养分消化及乳成分的影响。将32头泌乳性能一致的奶牛随机分为4个组,每组4个重复,每个重复2头。对照组饲喂粗脂肪水平为3%的日粮,处理组分别饲喂粗脂肪水平为5.5%的日粮同时添加0(T1)、5%(T2)和10%(T3)柑橘渣。结果显示,与对照组相比,处理组奶牛的粗脂肪摄入量、干物质和粗脂肪表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),T2和T3组奶牛粗蛋白表观消化率显著高于对照组和T1组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,处理组乳中粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),总固形物含量显著降低(P<0.05),乳中粗脂肪产量显著降低(P<0.05)。对照组乳中C10∶0脂肪酸含量最高,而T3组乳中C8∶0脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸浓度最高,饱和脂肪酸浓度表现最低。处理组乳中n-3/n-6脂肪酸显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,在高脂肪(5.5%粗脂肪)日粮中添加5%或10%柑橘渣可以提高奶牛粗蛋白表观消化率,且对奶牛的泌乳量和乳品质无负面影响。     

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: clinical and morphologic findings in nine affected Polish Owczarek Nizinny (PON) dogs

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and morphologic features of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) in the Polish Owczarek Nizinny (PON) breed of dog. ANIMALS: Nine Swedish PON dogs of both sexes were included in the study. PROCEDURE: All dogs underwent a detailed clinical evaluation, with emphasis on ophthalmic exams. Histopathology and electron microscopy were performed on the eyes, brain and various internal organs. Immunohistochemical staining for detection of sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs) and mitochondrial ATP synthase (SCMAS) was performed on the eyes and brain. RESULTS: The dogs showed behavioral abnormalities, motor disturbances and visual impairment or blindness. Pupillary responses were abnormal while fundus changes varied from normal to severe retinal atrophy. Electroretinography (ERG) showed variable changes, from slight alterations in the process of dark adaptation to severely reduced or nonrecordable ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes. Histopathology revealed intracytoplasmic storage bodies within neurons of the brain and in retinal cells, especially the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Round to oval granular type of inclusion bodies, known as granular osmiophilic dense deposits (GRODS), were found in neuronal cells in the brain and in the retina. Immunohistochemistry identified the storage material in the brain and retina as consisting of SAPs. CONCLUSION: The presently described NCL disease in PON dogs shows similarities to previously recorded cases in the Miniature Schnauzer. The closest human equivalent to this disease is infantile NCL (CLN1), in which the major stored proteins are SAPs and the ultrastructure of the inclusion bodies of neuronal cells is granular.     

福建三明地区柑橘病毒类病原种类的鉴定及检测

为了明确福建省三明地区柑橘病毒类病原(病毒和类病毒)种类,利用RT-PCR技术对其进行了鉴定和检测,并对其检出率进行了分析。结果表明,从207份柑橘叶片样品中检出柑橘衰退病毒(citrus tristeza virus, CTV)、柑橘黄化脉明病毒(citrus yellow vein clearing virus, CYVCV)、柑橘叶斑驳病毒(citrus leaf blotch virus, CLBV)和蚜虫致死麻痹病毒(aphid lethal paralysis virus, ALPV)等4种病毒以及柑橘曲叶类病毒(citrus bent leaf viroid, CBLVd)、啤酒花矮化类病毒(hop stunt viroid, HSVd)、柑橘矮化类病毒(citrus dwarfing viroid, CDVd)、柑橘类病毒Ⅴ(citrus viroidⅤ, CVdⅤ)和柑橘类病毒Ⅵ(citrus viroidⅥ, CVdⅥ)等5种类病毒。其中,CTV、CYVCV、CLBV和ALPV的检出率分别是71.01%、66.67%、0.97%和6.28%,CBLVd、HSVd、C...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定柑橘中的草甘膦及其代谢物残留

本研究首次建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)同时测定柑橘中草甘膦及其代谢物N-乙酰草甘膦?氨甲基磷酸(AMPA)和N-乙酰AMPA?样品经过0.5%甲酸水提取, 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶柱(C18)净化, 利用水和200 mmol/L碳酸氢铵溶液(含0.1%氨水)作为流动相梯度洗脱, 在多反应监测模式下定量分析?结果表明, 草甘膦及其代谢物在0.05~1 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数均大于0.99; 草甘膦及其3个代谢物在柑橘全果和果肉基质中3个加标水平下回收率为 70.5%~109.5%, 相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.6%~10.1%, 定量限为0.05 mg/kg?本方法的前处理样品无需衍生, 简便?快捷?高效?准确可靠, 可用于柑橘中草甘膦及其代谢物N-乙酰草甘膦?AMPA和N-乙酰AMPA的定量检测?     

PREDICTIVE INTELLIGENT CONTROL OF THE COLD STORAGE

The predictive intelligent control scheme is proposed, which is based on approximation theory and numerical method of Chcbyshev orthogonal polynomial. It has the practical value to the cold storge using widely electromagnetic valve and can be also applied similar systems in orther area.     

Land Storage System: Effect, Problem and Its Legal Regulation

The authors suggest that the land storage system is beneficial not only to strengthen the country's macroscopic regulation of city land market, accelerate healthy development of city economy and increase the financial income, it can also be advantageous to carry out the economic reform and public facilities construction without a hitch. On the basis of this, in this paper, the increment of the land price and house price as well as the high risk of fund due to lack of related laws is analyzed. Corresponding legal regulations, such as polishing the legislation of land right, implementing the land utilization planning, reinforcing the legislation of city development, land requisition and countryside residential land administration are put forward.