镰刀菌毒素污染饲粮导致的断奶仔猪肝脏损伤与自然修复研究

本试验旨在研究阶段性饲喂镰刀菌毒素污染饲粮对仔猪血清和肝脏生化指标、抗氧化指标以及肝脏炎性细胞因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)mRNA相对表达量的影响。选用体重为(8.45±0.94)kg的35日龄"杜×长×大"雌性仔猪30头,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组持续饲喂基础饲粮,镰刀菌毒素组持续饲喂镰刀菌毒素污染饲粮(玉米赤霉烯酮0.90 mg/kg,呕吐毒素1.43 mg/kg,烟曲霉毒素5.85 mg/kg),自然恢复组在饲喂镰刀菌毒素污染饲粮35 d后,改饲喂基础饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素组仔猪肝脏相对重量显著升高(P0.05),血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著升高(P0.05),血清总蛋白(TP)和球蛋白(GLB)含量显著降低(P0.05),血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、血清和肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著下降(P0.05),血清和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P0.05);肝脏炎性细胞因子IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA相对表达量显著升高(P0.05)。2)经21 d自然恢复后,与镰刀菌毒素组相比,自然恢复组仔猪肝脏相对重量有所降低(P0.05),血清AST、ALT和ALP活性显著降低(P0.05),血清TP和GLB含量显著升高(P0.05),血清T-SOD活性显著升高(P0.05),血清和肝脏GSH-Px、肝脏T-SOD活性有所升高(P0.05),血清和肝脏M DA含量显著降低(P0.05),肝脏炎性细胞因子IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,长期饲喂镰刀菌毒素能够造成仔猪肝脏损伤,影响肝脏的抗氧化、蛋白质合成和免疫功能,而经过21 d恢复期,仔猪肝脏抗氧化和免疫功能得到了一定程度的改善。     

Effects of transforming growth factor‐β1 treatment on muscle regeneration and adipogenesis in glycerol‐injured muscle

Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 is associated with fibrosis in many organs. Recent studies demonstrated that delivery of TGF‐β1 into chemically injured muscle enhances fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous TGF‐β1 on muscle regeneration and adipogenesis in glycerol‐injured muscle of normal mice. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were injured by glycerol injection. TGF‐β1 was either co‐injected with glycerol, as an ‘early treatment’ group, or injected at day 4 after glycerol, as a ‘late treatment’ group and the TA muscles were collected at day 7 after initial injury. Myotube density was significantly lower in the early treatment group than in the glycerol‐injured group (without TGF‐β1 treatment). Moreover, the Oil red O‐positive area was significantly smaller in the early treatment group than in the late treatment group and glycerol‐injured group. Furthermore, TGF‐β1 treatment increased endomysial fibrosis and induced immunostaining of α‐smooth muscle actin. The greater inhibitory effects of early TGF‐β1 treatment than that of late TGF‐β1 treatment during regeneration in glycerol‐injured muscle suggest a more potent effect of TGF‐β1 on the initial stage of muscle regeneration and adipogenesis. Combination of TGF‐β1 with glycerol might be an alternative to enhance muscle fibrosis for future studies.     

Study on the Building Conditions of Acute Lung Injury in Mice

In order to explore the building conditions of acute lung injury, healthy Kunming mice were selected, by intraperitoneal injection of cascade dose of LPS (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mg/kg) to observe the mice respiratory frequency, mortality, lung W/D value and the changes of tissue structure in different conditions, and detect the expression changes of inflammation cytokine, IL-10,TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ. The results showed that compared with control group, lung W/D value in 4 mg/kg LPS group significantly increased (P<0.05) and lung W/D values in 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg LPS groups extremely significantly increased (P<0.01). Pathological analysis showed that 6 mg/kg LPS group appeared lung congestion, alveolar luminal and pulmonary interstitial exudation, alveolar septal thickening, and a small amount of neutrophil infiltration. 8 and 10 mg/kg LPS groups appeared pulmonary congestion, alveolar and pulmonary interstitial exudation, alveolar septal thickening and neutrophil infiltration. Compared with control group, collagen fibers of the lung tissue in 6, 8, 10 mg/kg LPS group increased, and more appeared in the lung around the trachea, 10 mg/kg LPS group was the most obvious. The inflammatory factors in 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg LPS groups had extremely significantly increased compared with control group (P<0.01). Pathological biopsy and related indicators showed that the model of mice could be successfully constructed by intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/kg LPS for 12 h.     

刺梨果汁对乙醇诱导慢性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

[目的]研究刺梨果汁对乙醇诱导慢性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用。[方法]参考相关文献,测定刺梨果汁各营养物质含量,同时测定其紫外光谱和红外光谱,以及其清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和2,2'-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基的能力,检测其对肝损伤小鼠生化指标的影响。[结果]1 m L刺梨果汁含有5.00 mg蛋白质、32.50 mg总糖以及0.26 mg维生素C。由紫外可见光谱可知,刺梨果汁的特征吸收峰在205~300 nm范围,在255 nm处有最大吸收。红外光谱结果表明,刺梨的吸收峰与维生素C以及多糖吸收峰基本相同。小鼠试验表明,刺梨果汁低[8 m L/kg·d)]、中[12 m L/(kg·d)]、高[16 m L/(kg·d)]剂量组显著抑制乙醇诱导慢性肝损伤小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的升高,灌胃刺梨果汁的中、高剂量组显著抑制谷草转氨酶(AST)和丙二醛(MDA)的升高。灌胃刺梨果汁高剂量组肝组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性极显著高于对照组。组织病理表明,刺梨果汁各剂量组的小鼠肝细胞排列整齐、细胞索清晰。[结论]刺梨果汁具有对乙醇诱导的小鼠慢性肝损伤的保护作用。     

NaCl胁迫对接种AMF费菜生长和叶绿素含量及荧光参数的影响

试验以费菜(Sedum aizoon L.)为材料,研究了不同浓度NaCl(0、8、12、16、20 g·kg~(-1))处理下接种GMH、GMA 28 d费菜幼苗的生长、叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数变化。结果表明,当NaCl浓度在0~8 g·kg~(-1)时,随着盐处理浓度的增大,费菜叶绿素含量增加,初始荧光(Fo)增大,盐害指数增大,最大荧光(Fm)、光系统II(PSII)最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)下降、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)减小,非光化学猝灭(NPQ)上升,叶片通过调节热耗散维持较高的光化光能量分配;光化学猝灭(q P)与PSII电子传递速率(ETR)降低,电子传递受到抑制。NaCl浓度超过8 g·kg-1时,光保护机制作用遭到破坏。接种AMF费菜根长、株高、根冠比、根系活力与对照CK相比均有显著增加。接种AMF植株的Fv/Fm得到明显提高,减轻了盐害对费菜电子传递速率和光能转化效率的影响,并配合通过增加热耗散来降低过剩激发能对PSII的伤害,同时维持尽量多的能量参与光化学反应,提高了费菜的光合能力,增强了费菜的盐耐受程度,但当NaCl浓度超过12 g·kg-1时,盐害同样也伤害费菜的PSII。同时,接种GMA提高费菜耐盐性的效果高于接种GMH。     

Growth and Nutrient Composition of Sugarcane Genotypes Subjected to Salinity and Drought Stresses

Drought and salinity individually or in combination adversely affects growth, development, and yield of sugarcane. Apart from physiological traits, nutrients status was studied in six commercial hybrids subjected to drought, salinity, and salinity + drought. Drought was simulated by withholding irrigation in the field, while salinity and salinity + drought were imposed in microplots. Physiological traits, viz, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll (SPAD) index, biomass production, and leaf area index, reduced drastically in combined stress as against individual stress treatments. Among major nutrients, phosphorus (P) reduced significantly in all the stress treatments. Similarly, iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) reduced due to stress and showed differential response for growth stages. Reduction in cane yield and sucrose percentage in stress conditions warrants supplementation of P, Fe, and Zn.     

基于县域单元的陕西日光温室蔬菜冻害风险特征及加温界线

低温冻害是陕西省干旱半干旱地区设施蔬菜越冬期的主要气象灾害,本研究明确了陕北和关中地区不同冻害级别指标,以县为单元提出了分析、计算设施蔬菜越冬期月尺度平均冻害频次及风险（ ）定量方法,分析了研究区域共68个县（区）冬季各月份多年平均冻害风险时间特征,研究结果表明：各地轻度冻害频次高于中度、重度,各地1、12、2月份各等级冻害出现频次依次减少,关中局地在12、2月未出现过重度冻害。陕北12、1月份0.6≤ ≤0.7,2月份0.5≤ ≤0.7;关中12、2月份0.1≤ ≤0.6,1月份0.2≤ ≤0.7。对各月冻害风险年份进行了分析,指出冻害风险不同年份间差异大,振幅变化明显。根据上述特征与陕西省设施蔬菜生产现状分冬季温室持续加温区、简易加温区、遇低温临时加温区这3个区域确定出了陕西设施蔬菜加温界限。该研究可提高温室防冻害能力,积极意义在于对设施蔬菜冻害风险管理对策方面进行了探索。     

滇东南橡胶树寒害后次期性害虫危害状况调查

调查了2011年1月云南滇东南橡胶树遭受特大寒害后,引发了以橡胶树小蠹虫类为主的次期性害虫的严重发生和危害,共调查橡胶树6541株,其中受小蠹虫危害株418株,橡胶树虫蛀率6％,共采集成虫标本232头,种类分属小蠹科Scolytidae、长小蠹科Platypodidae、锯谷盗科Siovanidae、露甲科Nitidulidae等4科4属5种,暗翅材小蠹（Xyleborus semiopacus）和对粒材小蠹（Xyleborus perforans）为优势种;调查还对由于频繁的自然灾害和长年的营养失衡导致橡胶树群体衰退是橡胶林次期性害虫大发生的潜在和根本的原因进行探讨;提出需要对滇东南植胶环境重新研究和评价,对植胶半个多世纪所依循的技术体系和经营体制进行重新审视,以期实现重大变革,使滇东南植胶业得以持续发展。