苎麻木质素合成酶CAD基因的cDNA克隆及表达分析

采用PCR结合RACE技术克隆苎麻栽培种湘苎3号CAD基因全长cDNA序列;再运用qRT–PCR技术对木质素含量不同的代表性苎麻品种湘苎1号、湘苎3号、湘潭大叶白和城步青麻的CAD基因在其茎秆韧皮部和木质部的表达进行定量分析;使用1%间苯三酚和25%盐酸对4种苎麻茎横切片进行特异染色,观察品种间木质素染色度。结果表明,获得的苎麻CAD基因cDNA序列全长为1 378 bp(GenBank登录号,KF758396),编码359个氨基酸,推导为苎麻肉桂醇脱氢酶(BnCAD)。该推导蛋白质与已报道的几种植物木质素合成酶CAD的同源性均达90%以上,其中与蒺藜苜蓿的同源性达97%。运用qRT–PCR方法对BnCAD基因表达的定量分析结果显示,苎麻CAD基因在湘苎1号和湘苎3号的韧皮部表达水平明显高于其在木质部的表达水平,而在城步青麻木质部的表达水平高于其在韧皮部的表达水平,该基因在湘潭大叶白的韧皮部和木质部表达量接近。4种苎麻茎横切片的木质素染色结果表明,品种间木质素染色度与CAD基因在其韧皮部的表达量成正相关。     

不同植物黄酮醇合成酶FLS的生物信息学分析

采用生物信息学方法和工具分析19种不同植物中的黄酮醇合成酶基因的核苷酸序列及编码氨基酸序列,对其理化特性、功能结构域、亲/疏水性、二级结构、信号肽、跨膜结构域以及分子系统进化关系等进行预测和推断,并构建分子进化树。结果表明,不同植物FLS基因的开放阅读框全长在1.0 kb左右,编码蛋白含330余个氨基酸,呈酸性,是一个没有任何信号肽、转运肽和跨膜结构域的亲水性蛋白。不同植物FLS氨基酸序列包含有黄酮醇合成酶功能域,而且琢-螺旋和不规则盘绕是其蛋白质二级结构的最大量结构元件。19个植物FLS在分子进化树中主要聚成3小支,来源于同科植物的FLS首先聚在一起,再与其他物种FLS聚在一起,进化分析在一定程度上反映了这些物种FLS的进化关系。     

不同植物LDOX/ANS基因的生物信息学分析

花青素是一类重要的植物次生代谢产物。本文采用生物信息学的方法对已在GenBank上登录的拟南芥、西洋梨、苹果、桃、葡萄、芥菜、菊花新品种和水稻等植物的无色花青素双加氧酶/花青素合成酶(LDOX/ANS)基因的核酸及氨基酸序列、组成成分、导肽、信号肽、跨膜结构域、疏水性/亲水性、蛋白质二级结构、三级结构及功能域等进行预测和推断。结果表明,ORF除了桃和菊花新品种为500bp左右之外,其它几种植物都在1070bp左右,分子量均为4kD左右,理论等电点均低于7,说明LDOX/ANS呈酸性。Glu、Leu和Val是这些植物共有的主要氨基酸。核苷酸同源性比对结果显示,拟南芥LDOX/ANS与其它植物LDOX/ANS的同源性较高;8个物种的LDOX/ANS基因被分为两个大类,单子叶植物水稻LDOX/ANS基因被单独分为一类,其它的均聚成一大类。研究还发现这些植物的LDOX/ANSN端不存在导肽和信号肽,无跨膜结构域,肽链表现为亲水性。蛋白质二级结构中最主要的结构元件是α-螺旋和无规则卷曲,包含一个20G-FeⅡOxy功能结构域。通过此次研究,希望为今后深入研究该类酶的功能和结构特征提供依据。     

广东省水稻田稗对五氟磺草胺的抗性分析

为明确广东省水稻田杂草稗Echinochloa crus-galli对五氟磺草胺的抗性现状及其可能的抗性机理，采用整株剂量反应法测定不同地区稗种群对五氟磺草胺的抗性水平，对不同稗种群的乙酰乳酸合成酶（acetolactate synthase，ALS）基因片段进行扩增测序，分析细胞色素P450酶（cytochrome P450 monooxygenase，P450）和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（glutathione-S-transferase，GST）抑制剂胡椒基丁醚（piperonylbutoxide，PBO）和4-氯-7-硝基-2，1，3-苯并氧杂噁二唑（4-chloro-7-nitro-1，2，3-benzoxadiazole，NBD-Cl）对不同稗种群抗性水平的影响，并对替代药剂进行筛选。结果显示，广东省水稻田多数稗种群对五氟磺草胺仍表现敏感，但采自湛江市的1个种群BC-7对五氟磺草胺产生了抗性，抗性倍数达6.5倍。与敏感种群BC-2相比，BC-7种群并未发生已报道的ALS靶标抗性相关突变。PBO和NBD-Cl均可显著提高BC-7种群对五氟磺草胺的敏感性，其干重抑制中量GR₅₀由31.1 g/hm²分别降为11.0 g/hm²和24.7 g/hm²。BC-7种群对氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺仍较敏感，但对二氯喹啉酸和双草醚产生了抗性。表明P450和GST介导的代谢抗性是稗BC-7种群产生抗性的重要原因，氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺适用于治理该抗性种群。     

马铃薯野生种CHS基因cDNA的克隆与表达分析

设计简并引物,用RT-PCR法从马铃薯野生种(Solanum pinnatisectum)克隆到了CHS(Chalcone synthase,查尔酮合酶)基因的全长cDNA,并用半定量RT-PCR法进行了表达分析.序列分析表明,CHS基因编码一个389个氨基酸残基的多肽,在氨基酸水平上与其他茄科植物的同源性达到89%～93%,多重比较和系统发育分析均表明该基因为CHS家族中的一个新成员;检测了CHS基因的空间表达模式,该基因在花和匍匐茎中表达量最高,在根和块茎中没有检测到,这与花和匍匐茎呈淡紫色有花色苷合成,而根和块茎呈白色无花色苷合成是相一致的;发现在块茎中CHS受光诱导表达,光照后的第3天表达量最高,而在光照前检测不到,光照前块茎为白色,随着光照时间的延长,其表层颜色因积累花色苷而变成紫红色.     

Interleukin-1β inhibits AKT to down-regulate eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

AIM To investigate whether interleukin-1β （IL-1β） regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS） phosphorylation at Ser1177 site in human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs）， and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS The HUVECs were randomly divided into normal control group， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） group， IL-1β group， IL-6 group， SC79 ［protein kinase B （PKB/AKT） specific agonist］ group and SC79+IL-1β group. Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of eNOS， p-eNOS-Ser1177， AKT and p-AKT-Ser473 in the HUVECs. Chemical colorimetry was used to detect the nitric oxide （NO） content in the culture medium of HUVECs. RESULTS No statistically significant difference of p-eNOS-Ser1177 level in HUVECs treated with TNF-α and IL-6 was observed as compared with normal control group （P>0.05）， while the protein level of p-eNOS-Ser1177 in the HUVECs and the content of NO in the culture medium of HUVECs decreased significantly in IL-1β group （P<0.05）， and the protein level of p-AKT-Ser473 in the HUVECs was decreased as compared with normal control group （P<0.05）. The AKT agonist SC79 blocked the down-regulation effect of IL-1β on p-eNOS-Ser1177 level in the HUVECs and NO content in the culture medium of HUVECs （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION IL-1β down-regulates the protein level of p-eNOS-Ser1177 in HUVECs and affects the activity of eNOS， which may be involved in AKT/eNOS signaling pathway.     

Effects of swimming on experimental endometriosis in rats

AIM To evaluate the effect of swimming on experimental endometriosis in rats. METHODS 80 female SD rats were divided into 8 groups， including control group， model group and animals performed light exercise （swimming once a week）， moderate exercise （swimming 3 times a week）， and intense exercise （swimming 5 times a week） before or after endometriosis induction，10 rats in each group. The mRNA and protein expressions of fatty acid synthase （FAS）， matrix metalloproteinase 9 （MMP9） and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） in endometrium of rats were detected. RESULTS The swimming before the induction of the edometriosis lesions did not prove to have aprophylactic role against endometriosis， whereas the swimming after induction of the lesions had a beneficial effect regardless of frequency， with a greater reduction in the groups practicing moderate and intense activity （P<0.05）， an increase in FAS levels and a decrease in MMP9 and PCNA levels were also observed （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Swimming after induction of the edometriosis is beneficial for the treatment of endometriosis， the mechanism may be related to the expression of FAS， MMP9 and PCNA protein.     

香蕉中一个新的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因的克隆及采后表达分析

利用抑制消减文库从香蕉中分离到一个cDNA片断,结合RACE技术获得该基因的全长序列。该全长cDNA共含1 285个碱基,通过Blastx同源性分析结果显示它与香蕉的一个S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthase(SAMS)基因(GenBank序列号为AF004317)具有82%的碱基同源性,编码的氨基酸顺序有93%同源性,但在cDNA的5’和3’非编码区同源性较低。设计特异引物对此基因进行RT-PCR分析表明,正常成熟的香蕉果实,采后当天表达量较高,随后略有降低,至采后12 d又达到一个相对较高值后迅速下降;高锰酸钾处理的果实,整个成熟期该基因均表现一个比较高的表达量;乙烯利处理的果实,采后表达量明显下降且处在一个比较稳定的水平。     

Effects of dietary caffeine on growth,body composition,somatic indexes,and cerebral distribution of acetyl‐cholinesterase and nitric oxide synthase in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), reared in winter temperature

This study aims at examining the effect of caffeine administration on growth, feed efficiency, and consumption of sea bream (Sparus aurata), reared in winter temperatures. Moreover, it is questioned whether caffeine has a central action in the brain and its effects are partly mediated via central brain mechanisms. For this, we studied the influences of caffeine treatment on the cerebral pattern of the cholinergic neurotransmission and the novel neuromodulator nitric oxide (NO), by means of acetyl‐cholinesterase (AchE) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) histochemistry. Five different diets containing 0.0, 0.1, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 g caffeine kg^?1 of diet were administrated to five groups of fish. Caffeine adversely affected sea‐bream growth at a concentration higher than 1 g kg^?1 diet and increased feed conversion ratio in the treatments of 2 and 5 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05). The daily consumption of feeds was similar to all groups, indicating that caffeine did not influence diet palatability. AChE‐ and NADPH‐diaphorase histochemistry showed densely labeled cells and fibers mainly in dorsal telencephalon, preoptic, pretectal, hypothalamic areas, optic tectum, reticular formation, cerebellum and motor nuclei. When compared with matched caffeine‐treated animals, no differences in the histochemical pattern and cell densities of cerebral AChE and NADPH‐diaphorase were found.     

Evaluation of Root Sink Ability of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) Cultivars on the Basis of Enzymatic Activity in the Starch Synthesis Pathway

Activities of five enzymes, sucrose synthase (SUS), uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (UDPGPPase), fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase (FBPase), adenosine 5'diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPGPPase) and starch synthase (STS), in the metabolic pathway of starch synthesis, were compared between two sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas Lam.) cultivars, Koganesengan (C.V.KOG, a recently released high yield cultivar) and Tsurunasigenji (C.V.TSU, an old, local cultivar with poor yield). The measurements were carried out using the root samples (tuberous, thick and fibrous roots) harvested at the fast tubering stage. Of the five enzymes, SUS, ADPGPPase and STS showed high activities in the tuberous root, particularly in that of C.V.KOG, and a similar trend was observed for activities of these enzymes on a protein basis. The increased activity of the three enzymes is considered to be one of the characteristics in a high yield cultivar, allowing the root to function effectively as a starch synthesis and storage organ.