郁金香花期调控技术研究进展

该文简要介绍了郁金香花期调控的主要关键技术,总结近些年有关温度、光照和激素等调控郁金香花期的研究,阐明了郁金香花期调控技术研究的概况,并结合自身的研究实践,对郁金香花期调控研究存在的问题、未来的研究方向及其应用前景进行了展望。     

不同香型烤烟CO_2膨胀前后品质的比较研究

[目的]比较不同香型烤烟CO2膨胀前后品质变化。[方法]开展了3种主要香型烟叶CO2膨胀试验,对各样品烟丝膨胀前后的物理性能、化学成分、烟气指标和内在质量进行检测分析。[结果]清香型烟叶经过CO2膨胀,还原糖、挥发酸、焦油和烟碱含量平均降幅最大,香气质、香气量和柔细度改善或保持最佳;浓香型烟叶的平均膨胀效果最明显,总糖、总氮含量平均变化最大,杂气、刺激性、透发性和浓度改善或保持最佳;中间香型烟叶CO2膨胀后总植物碱、氯和蛋白质含量平均变化明显,重量、口数、总粒相物以及CO 4项指标降幅最大,甜度、余味指标有更好提升。[结论]不同香型烤烟各项理化、感官指标受膨胀影响程度有所差别,烤烟香型与CO2膨胀具有一定的关联性。     

Fengshui forest management by the Buyi ethnic minority in China

Fengshui forests, very popular among the ethnic minorities in the rural areas in Guizhou Province of China, have spiritual symbolic meanings and are strictly managed. This paper examines the nature, history, local perceptions and management of fengshui forests in two Buyi villages in the Guizhou Province. With their long history, the fengshui forests are perceived to provide good wishes, security, unity, fortune, wealth and health to the local communities. Fengshui forests act as a form of “community based nature reserve” which maintains the health of natural forests, especially hydrological features and prevention of soil erosion. Cunguimingyue (Folk Regulation and Customs) is the primary local normative mechanism that maintains the fengshui forests in a good condition. The lessons learnt from local fengshui forest management needs to be incorporated in for contemporary China's forest policy formulation as these forests play an important role in rural livelihoods.     

不同冷冻-解冻处理方式对猕猴桃品质的影响

以‘徐香’猕猴桃为原材料，系统探究不同冷冻温度（-20 ℃、-40 ℃、-50 ℃和-80 ℃）及解冻温度（4 ℃、15 ℃、25 ℃和35 ℃）组合对猕猴桃主要理化性质及香气成分的影响。结果表明：不同冷冻-解冻处理不会影响猕猴桃的色度；与鲜切猕猴桃一致，4 ℃/-50 ℃、4 ℃/-80 ℃和15 ℃/-80 ℃处理条件下猕猴桃的可溶性固形物含量均为16.0 oBrix。鲜切猕猴桃的可滴定酸和维生素C含量分别为1.22 g/hg 和45.30 mg/hg，处理后猕猴桃的可滴定酸含量为1.06~1.33 g/hg，维生素C含量降低17.62%~33.89%。不同处理后猕猴桃的多酚类物质损失率为20.44%~31.72%，且不同组合处理之间无显著差异。同时，不同处理对猕猴桃香气成分的种类和含量有一定损失，且较低的冷冻温度和解冻温度有利于香气成分的保持。综合考虑，-50 ℃/4 ℃和 -80 ℃/4 ℃冷冻-解冻组合方式可有效保持猕猴桃的品质，为猕猴桃的贮藏保鲜提供了技术支撑。     

Chemical composition and in sacco dry matter degradability of residue and by-products of palm fruit processing in the rumen of steers

The nutritive value of residue (palm calyx leaves (PCL)) and by-products (palm press fiber (PPF) and palm oil sludge (POS)) of palm fruit processing were studied through analysis of their chemical components and degradability of their dry matter (DM) in the rumen of steers. Chemical analysis showed that the materials have similar organic matter components (mean = 95.2%), while crude protein (CP, g/100 g) and metabolisable energy (ME, MJ/kg DM) were highest in POS (10.02 and 9.43), followed by PPF (7.02 and 8.61) and least in PCL (5.42 and 8.04). An opposite trend of CP and ME was noticed in NDF and ADF contents, being 61.53 and 49.11% in PCL, 44.84 and 32.08% in PPF and 25.35 and 20.29% in POS. Mineral contents showed that PPF and POS had the lowest and highest concentration, respectively, of Mg (0.07 vs. 0.11%), Cu (58.5 vs. 143.9 mg/kg) and Fe (1374.5 vs. 4086.0 mg/kg). Dry matter degradation characteristics and effective degradability varied significantly ( P  < 0.05) and were consistently highest in POS and least in PCL. Results have generally shown that the residue and by-products could be ranked for their potential feeding value as POS > PPF > PCL. It is concluded that POS and PPF can be harnessed directly as feed resources for ruminant animals, while PCL will require some treatments to enhance its nutritive value in ruminants.     

人工低产林改造对生态恢复区土壤理化性质的影响

为了解人工低产林改造对土壤理化性质的影响,于2010年9月-2011年8月对甘肃定西华家岭生态恢复区4个人工低产林改造后的混交林和1个杨树纯林、1个荒草坡对照点的土壤主要理化性质进行了研究.结果表明,杨树纯林的土壤有机质、总N和总P含量均处于较低水平,分别低于荒草坡10.98、0.78、0.10 g/kg;低产林改造后,土壤含水量、有机质和总N含量均有所升高,且随着改造时间的延长呈现出明显的增加趋势.改造8、18、25、31 a的混交林土壤含水量分别高出杨树纯林2.01、7.79、11.38、12.07个百分点,有机质含量分别高出2.96、15.23、20.80、24.96g/kg,总N含量分别高出0.41、1.02、1.48、1.96 g/kg;总P含量在改造初期有所增加,后期维持稳定,改造8、18、25 a的混交林总P含量分别高出杨树纯林0.02、0.06、0.10 g/kg,改造31a和25 a的混交林总P含量相等;低产林改造后土壤pH值略有降低.结果显示,人工低产林改造大大改善了该区土壤环境质量,有利于该区生态环境的恢复重建.     

Cropping Systems and Integrated Pest Management: Examples from Selected Crops

SUMMARY

Cropping systems have been central to managing associated pests for centuries. This treatment focuses on the history, concepts, and the integration of available Integrated Pest Management (IPM) tools/strategies into cropping systems. Pest assessments/diagnoses, IPM-decision-making aids, and examples of pest management in selected crops/cropping systems (wheat, soybean, corn, cotton, potato, and strawberry) as well as emerging opportunities and challenges are discussed. The evolving philosophy of IPM and the recently renewed emphasis on ecologically based pest management address the fact that significant levels of predation and/or parasitism are desirable insofar as they promote diversity and sustainability of agroecosystems. Thus, cropping systems are beginning to focus on soil and crop health as well as specific IPM and production goals. Although extensive efforts have been directed toward modeling the many interactions between crops, associated pests and the environment, the general implementation of a systems approach to integrated crop and pest management remains to be accomplished.     

松树大田育苗与苗木生长调控技术的研究

本项研究在总结传统育苗的基础上，应用推广了苗木生长调控新技术，新老技术紧密结合配套使用，取得了松树大田育苗的良好效果。通过选择圃地、控制播种量、精耕细作、科学管理，并在苗木旺盛生长期的8月中旬进行切根、剪顶，有效地促进了苗木生长发育。结果表明，马尾松播种量45kg／hm2，培育苗木169．2万株，Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级合格苗出圊率时％，其中优质苗率达53．5％。苗木茎干粗壮、根系发达、菌根丰富，达到了大田优质苗的质量标准。     

突脉青冈纤维特征和化学成分研究

对突脉青冈纤维形态和化学成分的测定和分析，揭示了突脉青冈纤维形态和化学成分的特征及其纤维形态随树龄的变化规律，结果表明：突脉青冈木材可作为林产工业的纤维材料使用。     

不同腌制方法对蕨菜主要化学指标的影响

蕨菜腌制过程中若干化学指标的变化，结果表明：经过腌制，蕨菜中ＶＣ和叶绿素含量显著下降，饱和盐水法腌制蕨菜两项指标高于干腌法；饱和盐水法和干腌法的亚硝峰出现分别在腌制后的１０５ｄ和１２０ｄ，峰值为４．０μｇ．ｇ－１和２１．４μｇ．ｇ－１，两种腌制方法的蕨菜ｐＨ值在７月份均因轻微发酵作用有所下降，但并未影响蕨菜的风味；饱和盐水法腌制的蕨菜食盐含量在前１５ｄ迅速增加，６０ｄ达到平衡。从感官状态看，饱和盐水法的蕨菜组织较饱满，色泽黄绿，而干腌法的蕨菜表面皱缩，色泽褐绿；综合感官和化学指标以饱和盐水法腌制的蕨菜品质好于干腌法。