Effekte der Sorten- (Weizen)und der Arten- (Weizen, Roggen) Mischung auf die Ertragsleistung krankheitsfreier Bestände

Effects of cultivar (wheat) and species (wheat, rye) mixtures on grain yield of desease-free stands
Cultivar mixtures (winter wheat) and species mixtures (winter wheat/winter rye) grown free from pests and diseases in different environments are compared to pure stands and analyzed with respect to inter-component relationships relevant for yield. All mixtures consisted from two components which were planted 1:1. Mixing effects (i.e. deviations from arithmetic mean of respective components grown in pure stands) on grain yield/ha and yield structure were dependent on components and growing conditions, particularly nitrogen availability. Under conditions suboptimal for one component, ontogenetic differences between components resulted in positive mixing effects on grain yield since the yield proportion of the accompanying partner increased more than proportionally. In several instances, yield proportions shitted without leading to mixing effects. In some experiments and/or mixtures mixing effects could not be observed at all.     

Yield losses in soybeans from frogeye leaf spot caused by Cercospora sojina

Three soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]cultivars (Samsoy 1, TGx 1025-12E and TGx 996-26E) were evaluated for yield losses resulting from frogeye leaf spot caused by Cercospora sojina Hara. Replicated field plots were established at two locations in Nigeria that have a high natural infestation of C. sojina. The cultivars were either not sprayed, sprayed once or sprayed twice during the growing season with the fungicide benomyl. Disease spread early in the season was from border rows of a susceptible soybean cultivar into the plots. Mean disease severity (DS) for unsprayed cultivars ranged from 0.6 to 4.5 on a scale of 0–5. Plots receiving two sprays had lower DS values, ranging from 0.5 to 2.4. Differences between unsprayed and double-sprayed plots for yield and 300-seed weight ranged from 2.5 to 58.8 and 0.6 to 28.6%, respectively. Seed weight was negatively correlated with DS.     

Smut Incidence and Yield Losses of Corn Cultivars under Different Plant Population Densities

Six corn cultivars were grown, under field conditions, at two population densities of 14285 and 22875 plants/ acre. All were subjected to an artificial infection at 6-leaf growth stage to determine their reactions to smut disease and yield losses. Changes in plant chemical composition, including K and N contents of ear-leaf, were performed at silking stage. The results showed that corn cultivars imposed wide variations to smut reaction. Susceptibility to smut disease was less prevalent on D.H 204 and 3-way cross 310 and more abundant on D.H 215, Iskandria 11 and El-Kabera 1. The corn cultivar Giza 2 appeared an intermediate reaction. Smut incidence at high population density was markedly depressed by 6.6 % below the comparable level at low population rate. Differences in yield losses between low and high plant population densities were actually limited for smut resistant cultivars, while the opposite was true for the more susceptible ones. On average, the yield losses at the low population density varied from 2.5 % for D.H 204 to 14.4 % for Iskandria 11. The calculated losses of the respective cultivars declined to 2.3 and 9.2 % at the thicker stand. The overall effect of increasing smut infection on yield losses, as revealed from the regression coefficients of the response curves, was clearly pronounced at the higher plant population, whereas the yield was substantially improved by 9.7 %. Varietal response to smut performance was explained on the basis of vigor growth and K/N ratio of ear-leaf.     

姜荷花的形态特征及在白云禁毒主题公园的花境应用

姜荷花Curcuma alismatifolia要种植在光照充足且排水良好的环境,种植时需消毒土壤及种球,使用缓释复合肥,保持土壤湿润,并及时防治炭疽病及蝗虫等病虫害.参考泰国农业部对姜荷花新品种的测试内容,对广州白云禁毒主题公园中种植的10个姜荷花品种的叶片、花序、株高等进行了观察测量.结果表明,10个品种的株高、冠...     

番茄品种分子指纹的SRAP分析

[目的]利用SRAP技术对3个番茄样品进行品种鉴定。[方法]以3个番茄样品(瓯秀806、瓯秀201和一个待确认品种)的新鲜叶片为试验材料,通过改良的CTAB法提取DNA,对其进行SRAP分析并构建供试样品间的聚类树状图。[结果]利用设计的54对引物扩增出多态性位点103个,分析表明3号番茄品种确认为瓯秀806。[结论]该试验结果表明应用SRAP分析技术可以对番茄品种进行有效的鉴定。     

不同烤烟品种成熟及烘烤过程中类胡萝卜素含量分析

 以K326、云烟85和红花大金元中部烟叶为材料,分析了相同生态条件下不同烤烟品种成熟及烘烤过程中烟叶类胡萝卜素含量的变化。结果表明：在烟叶成熟期和烘烤过程中,不同烤烟品种类胡萝卜素含量及成熟期降解速度均存在很大差异。K326欠熟烟叶中类胡萝卜素含量很高,但是随着叶片衰老变黄,类胡萝卜素含量大幅、快速降低。云烟85和红花大金元欠熟烟叶中类胡萝卜素含量明显低于K326,但红花大金元成熟期类胡萝卜素的降解幅度明显小于K326和云烟85。因此,红花大金元适熟和过熟烟叶中的类胡萝卜素含量均高于K326和云烟85。烘烤过程中3个烤烟品种烟叶的类胡萝卜素含量均呈现下降趋势,但以烘烤温度由25℃升至45℃的变黄期下降幅度最大,并且也呈现K326降解速度最快,红花大金元最慢的变化规律,因此,红花大金元初烤烟叶中的类胡萝卜素含量高于K326和烟85。     

花生新品种引进试种初报

对惠安县6个新引进的花生新品种进行试种比较,结果表明：泉花8号产量最高,比对照泉花7号增产25.5%;粤油7号比对照增产15.8%,居第2位;其他品种3个比对照增产、1个比对照减产。     

梅花产业化的探讨——以莱州市宏顺梅园为例

莱州种植梅花历史悠久,现有大量的梅花种植专业大户开始涌现。梅花生产形成产业化,仅靠农民自发种植远远不够,必须解决好生产的规模化、规范化问题。为了推动梅花产业的发展,须成立梅花行业协会,订立协会章程、制度,规范会员行为,并对会员优先发放梅花新品种,优先进行技术培训,统一梅花盆景的销售价格。依靠科技谋发展,获国家专利的"大杏树嫁接梅花"技术将梅花产业的健康快速发展推向了一个新境界。     

不同水稻品种中镉及微量元素含量的差异分析

采用盆栽试验,以沈阳农业大学水稻所提供的10个水稻品种为供试作物,在土壤外源添加Cd为2.5,10mg.kg-1,以不添加Cd为对照的条件下,根据方差分析和聚类分析筛选出低镉和高镉积累水稻品种,分析水稻根、茎叶、糙米中Cd含量与Cu,Fe,Mn,P,Si,Zn的相关关系。在Cd添加2.5mg.kg-1的条件下,研究低Cd和高Cd积累水稻品种中Cu,Fe,Mn,P,Si,Zn含量差异。结果表明:供试的10个水稻品种中,品种4和品种5属于低镉积累,品种9属于高镉积累,在Cd添加浓度为2.5mg.kg-1和10mg.kg-1时,2个水稻品种糙米中Cd含量分别相差0.79mg.kg-1和2.61mg.kg-1。水稻根系中Cd与Mn有协同作用,茎叶中Cd与Mn、P有协同作用,糙米中Cd与P有拮抗作用。减少水稻对Mn的吸收量可以降低根系对Cd的吸收,适当增加P的使用量有利于降低糙米中Cd含量。     

Variation in heading date conceals quantitative trait loci for other traits of importance in breeding selection of rice

To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the primary target traits for selection in practical rice breeding programs, backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from crosses between temperate japonica rice cultivars Nipponbare and Koshihikari were evaluated for 50 agronomic traits at six experimental fields located throughout Japan. Thirty-three of the 50 traits were significantly correlated with heading date. Using a linkage map including 647 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a total of 122 QTLs for 38 traits were mapped on all rice chromosomes except chromosomes 5 and 9. Fifty-eight of the 122 QTLs were detected near the heading date QTLs Hd16 and Hd17 and the remaining 64 QTLs were found in other chromosome regions. QTL analysis of 51 BILs having homozygous for the Koshihikari chromosome segments around Hd16 and Hd17 allowed us to detect 40 QTLs associated with 27 traits; 23 of these QTLs had not been detected in the original analysis. Among the 97 QTLs for the 30 traits measured in multiple environments, the genotype-by-environment interaction was significant for 44 QTLs and not significant for 53 QTLs. These results led us to propose a new selection strategy to improve agronomic performance in temperate japonica rice cultivars.