Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in a Beagle dog with genetically confirmed Lafora disease

Cortical atrophy has been identified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in humans and dogs with Lafora disease (LD). In humans, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) of the brain indicates decreased N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) relative to other brain metabolites. Brain 1HMRS findings in dogs with LD are lacking. A 6-year-old female Beagle was presented with a history of a single generalized tonic-clonic seizure and episodic reflex myoclonus. Clinical, hematological, and neurological examination findings and 3-Tesla MRI of the brain were unremarkable. Brain 1HMRS with voxel positioning in the thalamus was performed in the affected Beagle. It identified decreased amounts of NAA, glutamate-glutamine complex, and increased total choline and phosphoethanolamine relative to water and total creatine compared with the reference range in healthy control Beagles. A subsequent genetic test confirmed LD. Abnormalities in 1HMRS despite lack of changes with conventional MRI were identified in a dog with LD.     

超声治疗对急性脑梗死患者血浆GMP-140、vWF含量和血液流变学的影响及其疗效观察

目的:观察超声治疗对急性脑梗死患者血浆α颗粒膜蛋白-140(GM P-140)、血管性血友病因子(vW F)含量及血液流变学的影响和促进神经功能恢复的作用。方法:74例脑梗死患者随机分为两组:超声治疗组38例,对照组36例,两组均行常规药物治疗,超声治疗组则加用超声波治疗仪治疗。治疗前和治疗后分别2次抽血测定患者血浆GM P-140、vW F含量及血液流变学指标并同时进行神经功能缺损的评定。结果:两组患者治疗后的血浆GM P-140、vW F及低切粘度均比治疗前明显降低(P<0.05或<0.01),且以超声治疗组降低更为明显(P<0.01);治疗后两组患者神经功能缺损程度也减轻,超声治疗组减轻更显著,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:脑梗死患者血浆中GM P-140、vW F及血液流变学可能共同参与脑梗死的发生、发展以及康复过程,超声治疗能降低其含量指标,具有促进神经功能恢复的作用。     

杜仲叶中绿原酸稳定性研究及沉降试验

研究了绿原酸的稳定性并进行了沉降试验,结果表明,绿原酸在温度小于60℃保持4 h以下及酸性、室内闭光的条件下比较稳定,而在碱性、强光照射下不稳定;同时,沉降剂(cjh∶cjj=1∶3)使用不利于杜仲叶中有效成分绿原酸的提取,造成绿原酸1%的损失。     

淹水胁迫下小麦根通气组织形成的PCD特征及活性氧作用初探

为了解淹水条件下小麦根通气组织形成的细胞学特点和活性氧(Reactive oxygen species, ROS)在通气组织形成中的作用,以高度耐湿的华麦8号幼苗为材料进行淹水处理,在显微水平上系统地观察了通气组织的形成过程,在分子水平上检测了细胞核DNA的断裂情况,并对ROS的动态变化进行了荧光观察.结果表明:(1)通气组织最先起源于根皮层中部,然后逐渐扩展,到淹水8 d时基本形成,淹水60 d时更为发达;(2)淹水1.5～48 h根皮层出现大量细胞核DNA断裂,且细胞核DNA降解为180～200 bp的片段,证明小麦根通气组织的形成过程是根皮层细胞发生细胞程序化死亡(Programmed cell death, PCD)的过程,而且淹水1.5～48 h是根皮层细胞死亡高峰期;(3)ROS在细胞核DNA发生断裂前开始积累,在通气组织形成中呈现动态变化.上述结果表明, 淹水胁迫下小麦根通气组织形成是一个皮层细胞PCD的过程,并且ROS可能参与介导了PCD的进程.另外,淹水胁迫在前期抑制了次生根的产生,随后又促进了次生根的产生.     

醋酸铅对体外培养大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞形态的影响

为了观察醋酸铅对神经细胞的形态学影响,通过建立体外培养大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞模型,应用不同浓度醋酸铅(0,50,100,200,400μmol/L)与神经细胞分别培养3、6、12、24 h,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态变化.结果显示,醋酸铅与神经细胞共同培养12~24 h,细胞密度降低,胞体变小,突起缩短;随醋酸铅浓度递增,细胞形态较对照组差异愈加显著(P<0.05).表明染铅浓度与神经细胞形态变化存在剂量效应与时间效应关系.     

Electroacupuncture improves spatial learning and memory ability of rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and signal regulation of hippocampal IL-6/JAK2/STAT3

AIM:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the inflammatory response and hippocampal JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), and to explore the mechanism of EA attenuating the spatial learning and memory impairment induced by CCH. METHODS:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group and EA group (n=10). Modified permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion was used to establish animal model. The rats in EA group were stimulated at "Baihui" and "Dazhui" acupoints by 2/15 Hz frequency (30 min/d for 4 weeks), while the rats in the other 2 groups received balanced treatment. The spatial learning and memory ability and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were detected by the methods of Morris water maze and laser Doppler flowmetry. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, the mRNA expression of JAK2 and STAT3, and the phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 protein levels in the hippocampus were determined by ELISA, RT-PCR and Western blot. The pathological changes of the hippocampus were observed with HE staining. RESULTS:In EA group, the rCBF, the average escape latency at every time point, and the original platform quadrant residence time were better than those in model group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The level of IL-1β in EA group was significantly lower than that in model group (P<0.05), and the level of IL-6 was significantly increased (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of JAK2 and STAT3, and the protein levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in EA group were significantly higher than those in model group (P<0.05). The impairment of nerve cells in the hippocampal CA1 region was reduced. CONCLUSION:Electroacupuncture inhibits inflammatory response, and alleviates the hippocampal damage and the cognitive disorder by regulating IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.     

大脑优势与第二语言习得

本文回顾了二十多年来神经语言学领域的重要研究,结合第二语言习得的有关研究,得出了与“临界期”假说完全不同的看法:成人与儿童(五岁以上)在第二语言习得过程中大脑神经因素没有区别性差异。     

Early ovine preantral follicles have a potential to grow until antral stage in two‐step culture system in the presence of aqueous extract of Justicia insularis

The objective of this study was to determine whether preantral follicles cultured in vitro for 7 days within ovine ovarian cortical strips could be isolated at the secondary follicles (SF) and grown until antral stage during an additional 6 days period of in vitro culture in the presence of aqueous extract of Justicia insularis. Fresh ovarian fragments from 16 adult sheep were fixed for histological analysis (Control 1) or in vitro cultured individually in α‐MEM⁺ supplemented with 0.3 mg/ml J. insularis (Step 1) for 7 days. Part of the fragments then were fixed for histological analysis (in vitro culture group). Remaining fragments were exposed stepwise to increasing trehalose concentrations before immediate isolation of SF and viability assessment (Control 2) or after 6 days of culture in α‐MEM⁺⁺ supplemented with 0.3 mg/ml J. insularis (Step 2). In Step 1, percentage of follicular activation was 80%. In Step 2, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in follicular diameter and antrum formation within 6 days in vitro culture of isolated follicles was achieved. The total antioxidant capacity from both steps significantly increase (p < 0.05) from day 2 to day 6. Confocal analysis of oocytes showed 57.14% oocytes with homogeneous distribution and 42.86% with peri‐cortical distribution. In conclusion, SF can be successfully isolated from sheep ovarian cortex after 7 days of culture and are capable of surviving and forming an antral cavity if cultured in vitro for an additional 6 days in the presence of 0.3 mg/ml J. insularis.     

cPKCγ-HSP60 signal pathway participates in hypoxic preconditioning in mice

AIM: To identify the proteins interacted with conventional protein kinase Cγ (cPKCγ) which are involved in hypoxic preconditioning (HPC), and to investigate the role of cPKCγ-interacted heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60) in the development of HPC and ischemia (I).METHODS: Healthy male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normoxia(Norm) and HPC groups. Based on whether middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed, the mice were divided into Norm+sham group, Norm+I group, HPC+sham group and HPC+I group ( all n=6). Immunoprecipitation, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were applied to identify the proteins interacted with cPKCγ. The changes of HSP60 expression in the brain of the mice after HPC and MCAO were analyzed by Western blotting.RESULTS: The interaction of cPKCγ and HSP60 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation result. Compared with Norm groups, the expression level of cPKCγ-interacted HSP60 obviously increased in particulate fraction of cerebral cortex in HPC mice. In the MCAO ischemic animals, the level of HSP60 expression was significantly higher in ischemic core and penumbra in Norm+I group and HPC+I group than that in Norm+sham group. HSP60 expression in ischemic core was lower in HPC+I group than that in Norm+I group.CONCLUSION: cPKCγ-HSP60 signal pathway might be involved in the development of cerebral hypoxic preconditioning in MCAO mice.     

石榴皮提取物对家兔离体肠管运动的影响

采用离体肠管实验法,将家兔的十二指肠、空肠和回肠置于盛有台氏液的麦氏浴皿内,加入石榴皮提取物,使溶液终浓度为5,10,20,30,40,50mg/mL,观察对离体肠管运动的影响。结果表明:石榴皮提取物能抑制肠管的运动,使其张力降低,收缩频率减小;相同浓度的提取物对不同部位肠管收缩运动的影响存在差异,浓度增加其影响增大。