玉米膳食纤维在面包中的应用

采用高压蒸煮法和挤压法对玉米膳食纤维进行处理，研究了不同处理方法的玉米膳食纤维在面包中的应用特性，并通过正交试验分析，确定了适于加入面包中的玉米膳食纤维种类及其在面包中的最佳用量。结果表明：面包中添加7％的玉米膳食纤维（挤压法处理）效果理想，且不增加面包添加剂的用量。此时面包的口感优良，抗老化性较好。     

Glu-1和Glu-3等位变异及1BL/1RS易位与面包和面条品质关系的研究

 高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）组成和1BL/1RS易位是决定小麦加工品质的关键因素。将试验Ⅰ80份和试验Ⅱ78份国内外小麦品种分别在2种和4种环境条件下种植，研究了HMW-GS和LMW-GS的组成及1BL/1RS易位对面团流变学特性、面包和面条品质的影响。结果表明，Glu-B1、Glu-D1和Glu-B3位点对面团流变学特性、面包和面条品质的效应较大，而Glu-A3位点的效应较小。单个亚基对面筋强度和面包体积的贡献大小为，在Glu-A1位点，1＞2*＞N；在Glu-B1位点，7+8＞7+9；在Glu-D1位点，5+10＞4+12＞2+12；在Glu-A3位点，Glu-A3d＞Glu-A3c＞Glu-A3a；在Glu-B3位点，Glu-B3d＞Glu-B3f＞Glu-B3b＞Glu-B3j。单个亚基对延伸性和面条评分的贡献大小为，在Glu-A1位点，1＞N；在Glu-B1位点，20＞7+9＞7+8；在Glu-D1位点，4+12＞5+10≥2+12；在Glu-A3位点，Glu-A3c≥Glu-A3d＞Glu-A3a；在Glu-B3位点，Glu-B3b≥Glu-B3f＞Glu-B3d＞Glu-B3j。1BL/1RS易位对面团流变学特性、面包和面条品质皆有极显著的负面影响。     

蛋鸡日粮添加蜂花粉试验

为探索蜂花粉作为饲料添加剂对蛋鸡增产，增收的效果，我们于１９９３年３－５月用商品代依莎褐产蛋母鸡进行了该项试验。试验组配合料加１．５％蜂花粉，对照组不加。５０天试验结果，试验组对照组个体平均产蛋量提高了１３．１６％，破蛋，软壳蛋减少了８７．５０％，每公斤蛋的饲料消耗减少了９．２８％，每只鸡每日增收０．０３元，提高了１５．５１％，经济效益是可观的。蜂花粉来源容易，价格便宜，作饲料添加剂使用是可行的。     

花粉和蜂粮中霉菌的研究

测定中国茶(Camellia siniensisO.Ktze.))的手采花粉、蜂花粉、1d蜂粮、5d蜂粮、10d蜂粮、15d蜂粮、21d蜂粮、60d蜂粮样品中的霉菌菌落数分别是(个/g)165、210、245、195、¨5、280、260、255.从这些样品中共分离出131株霉菌,这些菌分别属于9个属.它们是拟青霉属、曲霉属、青霉属、木霉属、小克银汉霉属、毛霉属、镰刀菌属、孢菌属、毛壳菌属等.鉴定出来的霉菌大多数为曲霉菌(45.80%)、青霉菌(26.72%)和毛霉菌(5.34%).     

西芹热风干燥动力学研究

研究了一定条件下风速与风温对经烫漂预处理的西芹薄层热风干燥过程的影响,拟合了干燥曲线方程,并计算了临界含水量、传热膜系数α与传质系数kH等动力学参数.结果表明:干燥方程符合Page模型;随风速增大,α与kH均增大,但风温对两者影响不大.     

氮肥不同用量及基追肥比例对芹菜产量和品质的影响

通过盆栽试验研究氮肥不同用量和基追比例对芹菜的产量效应和品质效应。本试验条件下,施氮量为150mg/kg土时(约相当于337.5 kg/hm2)芹菜产量最高,继续增施氮肥,产量显著降低。施氮量为100 mg/kg土时(约相当于225 kg/hm2),Vc含量和可溶性糖含量最高,施氮量增加,芹菜品质显著降低。芹菜叶绿素、硝酸还原酶活性和硝酸盐含量与氮肥用量呈极显著的线性正相关。不同氮肥用量处理的芹菜在不同生育期的硝酸盐积累量均呈明显的“S”曲线。基肥N占100%时,芹菜的生长情况最好,基肥N占50%时,芹菜的叶绿素含量,硝酸还原酶活性,Vc和可溶性糖含量均最大。追施一次肥处理的芹菜叶片硝酸盐含量显著低于追两次肥的处理。     

Late seeding of soybean after rice transplanting period using variety "Yukihomare" in central area of Hokkaido

(Jpn. J. Soil Sci.Plant Nutr., 77, 293–298, 2006)
"Kitanokaori" is a new variety of wheat for bread use bred at the National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region. The grain protein content of wheat for bread use should be higher than 120 g kg−1. Much nitrogen application is necessary to obtain high grain protein content. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimum amount of nitrogen to obtain the required protein content and to prevent nitrogen from remaining in the soil. The nutrition diagnosis using leaf color was investigated to predict the need and the amount of top-dressing. Field experiments were conducted for four years with nitrogen treatments in Andosol, which has moderate nitrogen fertility, and in Histosol, which is a fertile soil. The leaf color was measured using a chlorophyll meter SPAD502 (CM value) at the middle part of the leaf, avoiding the center rib. The colors of the 10·15 uppermost second leaves were measured in one plot and averaged.
A close relation was found between leaf color at the full heading stage and grain protein content at harvest. Leaf color at the full heading stage is therefore a good index to control the protein content. Considering the effect of top-dressing at the full heading stage in each CM value, the diagnosis criterion was decided. When the CM value is over 52 at the full heading stage, more nitrogen application is not needed. When the CM value is 50·52, 30 kg N ha−1 of top-dressing at the full heading stage is needed, and when the CM value is 45·50, 60 kg N ha−1 of top-dressing is needed to obtain a grain protein content of more than 120 g kg−1.     

Analysis of adaptation of barley,triticale, durum and bread wheat under Mediterranean conditions

Summary Yield data obtained from a comparative small grain cereals trial, grown for five consecutive growing seasons at a total of 23 environments in Cyprus, were subjected to regression analysis. Within each environment, yield trials consisted of a standard set of three cultivars or elite lines of barley, triticale, durum and bread wheat. The regression coefficient (b) of crop mean on the environmental index (I) and the mean square deviation from regression (sd²) were calculated for each crop. Each crop tended to have its own characteristic value of sd² and its magnitude was an excellent indicator of specific crop-environment interaction. The causes of large sd², for two of the four crops, were the susceptibilith of barley to lodging, when favourable conditions were encountered at high yielding environments, and triticale dependence on late season precipitation. Durum wheat and triticale had an average response to different yielding environments (b>1.19) and both were significantly different from those of bread wheat (1.08) and barley (0.54). Hence, barley, bread and durum wheat are specifically adapted to low, average and high yielding Mediterranean environments, respectively. The cultivation of triticale at the expence of durum wheat is not feasible. Furthermore, interactions between crops and environments demonstrated by the regression parameters, should constitute the basis for decision making, regarding crop adaptation in a region. The average yield in all environments should not be considered as a proper criterion for adaptation. In this study, triticale had a similar mean grain yield (3,842 kg/ha) to that of bread wheat, but was significantly higher yielding than barley or durum wheat (5 and 7%, respectively).     

Productivity of single-culm and multi-culm plants of winter wheat cultivars in field conditions

Summary The productivity of 1-, 2-, and 3-culm plants of three winter wheat cultivars was studied under field conditions in three spatial arrangements. The treatments with 2- and 3-culm plants produced higher grain yield per unit area than the treatments with 1-culm plants. This was explained as the result of a higher interplant than intraplant competition. It seems that the interplant competition is lower with dwarf than with tall cultivars. The secondary culms may be as productive as the primary ones if there are only a few of them per plant and if they develop before the beginning of winter. If the tillering takes place mainly in spring, the differences in productivity between the primary and secondary culms are considerable. Under conditions of dry autumns and late planting not the tillering must be taken as the main factor which regulates the optimal number of spikes/m², but the high planting rate.     

Induced mutagenesis for the development of multiline cultivars in bread wheat

Summary Variation for resistance toPuccinia graminis f.sp.tritici, P. recondita f.sp.tritici andP. striiformis was induced in theTriticum aestivum cultivar Lalbahadur using nitrosomethyl urea. Variations were isolated from the M₂ population in the post-seedling stage in the field when infected with a mixture of races of each of the three rusts. Plants exhibiting simultaneous resistance to stem rust, leaf rust and yellow rust were indentified. Repeated screening in the subsequent generations confirmed the resistance of the mutant lines that are morphologically similar to the parental cultivar. The rust resistance of 20 mutant lines was also confirmed at the seedling stage using individual races of stem rust and leaf rust. The different patterns observed in the mutant lines tested against a wide range of races show that these lines can be used as components of a multiline. The patterns of variation compared with those of the known genes for resistance against the Indian races of the pathogens suggest that the mutations for rust resistance are due to factor different from those already known in bread wheat, providing a broadened genetic base for future breeding programmes.