The apparent digestibility of energy,nitrogen and fibre and the biological value of protein in low- and high-fibre wheat breads

Sixteen 15 kg liveweight entire-male pigs were given either a low-fibre (1.21 g/100 g Neutral detergent fibre, NDF) or a high-fibre (6.38 g 100 g, NDF) wheat bread as their sole source of dietary protein, in a conventional 21-day metabolism study. A glucose/oil supplement which was assumed to be completely absorbed was given with the bread to ensure a high ratio of dietary energy to protein, to allow measurement of biological value (BV). The apparent faecal digestibility of gross energy was significantly (p<0.001) lower (7.4% units) for pigs given the high-fibre bread as was the apparent digestibility of NDF (24% units lower). The apparent faecal digestibility of total nitrogen was also significantly (p<0.001) lower for the animals fed the high-fibre bread, but there were no significant differences between the breads for the BV of their protein. The overall mean BV for the breads was 46%. The results indicate a significantly lower digestibility of nutrients and gross energy in breads containing appreciable quantities of wheat bran fibre.     

Functional Properties of Wheat Gliadins. II. Effects on Dynamic Rheological Properties of Wheat Gluten

The effects of addition of purified total gliadin and its subgroups (α-, β-, γ- and ω-gliadins) on the dynamic rheology of gluten were investigated. The frequency sweeps of gluten with added α-, β-, γ- and ω2-gliadins showed unexpected increases in the magnitude of G′ and G′′, suggesting stiffening of the native gluten. Conversely, a reduction in the magnitude of G′ and G′′ occurred upon addition of the total gliadin fraction and the ω1-gliadin, implying softening of the gluten. Addition of individual gliadin fractions increased the values of slope log G′ vs log frequency, suggesting increased concentrations of uncrossed-linked material compared with the native gluten. There were significant differences in the slope values for individual gliadin fractions. The increasing order of slopes for different gliadins was: β- >γ- >α- =ω1>ω2, indicating that glutens containing ω- and α- gliadins are relatively less crossed-linked than those containing β- and γ-gliadins. The dynamic moduli, G′ and G′′, of cv. Hereward gluten showed significant positive relationships with Mixograph parameter peak dough resistance (PDR), and loaf volume for gliadin subgroups added to cv. Hereward flour.     

高产优质面包用春小麦新品种甘春20号配麦特性研究

为了了解高产、优质、面包用春小麦新品种甘春 2 0号的配麦特性 ,为面粉加工企业通过配麦技术生产成本较低的专用面粉提供科学依据 ,将甘春 2 0号 (蛋白质和湿、干面筋含量依次为 12 .5 %、34.8%、11.8% ,属强筋小麦 )与宁春 18号 (蛋白质和湿、干面筋含量依次为 10 .9%、2 8.6 %、10 .5 % ,属中筋小麦 )和高台麦 (蛋白质和湿、干面筋含量依次为 9.3%、2 5 .2 %、8.7% ,属弱筋小麦 )的籽粒按不同比例 (重量比 )进行搭配后 ,测定蛋白质品质、面团流变学特性和面包、馒头、面条加工品质。结果表明 ,在甘春 2 0号中搭配 10 %～ 4 0 %的宁春 18号或 10 %的高台麦后 ,蛋白质和湿、干面筋含量仍然较高 ,依次在 11.8%、2 9.7%、10 .3%以上 ,并且仍具有较高的面包评分 (>87.2分 ) ,同时可显著改善宁春 18号和高台麦的面条品质 (搭配后的面条评分在 86 .7分以上 ,分别比宁春 18号和高台麦的面条评分高出 9.3和 2 0 .0分以上 ) ;在甘春 2 0号中搭配 10 %～ 30 %的宁春 18号 ,可显著改善甘春 2 0号和宁春 18号的馒头品质 (搭配后的馒头评分在 88.5分以上 ,分别比甘春 2 0号和宁春 18号的馒头评分高出 5 .2和 2 .7分以上 )。甘春 2 0号为面包、馒头、面条兼用型品种 ,宁春 18号是优质馒头小麦 ,而高台麦只能作为搭配     

Yeast breads containing oils varied in fatty acid composition: Effects on sensory panel acceptability

Choice of the shortening ingredient in bread products has functionality effects and health implications. Little information is available on effects of various shortening ingredients on palatability and acceptability. The objective of the current study was to compare the acceptability of yeast-leavened wheat breads containing shortenings containing predominantly saturated fatty acids (coconut oil), monounsaturated fatty acids (canola oil) or unsaturated fatty acids (unhydrogenated soybean oil). Breads were prepared using a standardized formula and method. These were evaluated by a 16-member, semi-trained panel for color, flavor, texture, tenderness and overall acceptability using a seven-point hedonic scale. No significant differences in color and texture were defined; however, canola oil bread was judged significantly superior to soybean oil bread in flavor, and both of these breads were found to be significantly superior to coconut oil bread in flavor, tenderness, and overall acceptability.     

四季营养面包的研制

为了提高面包的营养价值,改善口感和风味,在确定其制作工艺的基础上,融合四时养生与中医药膳食养学的传统养生理论,在普通面包的基础上（配方：高筋面粉500 g、海藻糖50 g、砂糖50 g、奶粉5 g、酵母5 g、海藻酸钠1.5 g、鸡蛋1颗、水250 g）,选用有春、夏、秋、冬为元素的16种食材来研发制作了一款系列形式的营养面包。通过食材的比例用量进行单因素试验和正交试验,以感官评分为指标,确定以下配方（面粉质量为100%）：春季营养面包,糯米∶燕麦（体积比）=2∶1,菊花120朵/500 g水,菠菜泥5%;夏季营养面包,红小豆∶红米（体积比）=1∶2,山楂18%,胡萝卜碎3%;秋季营养面包,山药∶银耳（质量比）=1∶1,百合1%,白果0.4%;冬季营养面包,黑豆∶核桃仁（质量比）=6∶1,黑芝麻8%,枸杞子12%。根据该工艺制作的面包外型饱满,口感良好,营养丰富,是老少皆宜的健康食品。     

秋冬茬浅液流水培芹菜高效栽培技术

为解决由于长期种植,温室内病虫害严重的问题,探索了密云区芹菜无土栽培技术,主要包括栽培架、设备系统等配的配置及管理,合适的种植模式、高产优质品种的选择,以及良好的水肥管理、优化的病虫害防治等措施的应用,实现了营养液利用率95%以上,节肥率达到30%,产量提高15%以上,产品价格也比普通栽培高,品质好,同比增收10%以上,且符合密云区农业绿色、高效发展的要求。     

Effect of hydrothermaled bran on physicochemical, rheological and microstructural characteristics of Sangak bread

Increased consumption of whole grain products has been associated with decreased risk of health problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. Phytate however, has always been a matter of concern, since it chelates minerals such as iron. Sangak is very popular Iranian flat bread invented five hundred years ago, made from 95% extraction flour. The bread is fermented but usually fermentation is not able to remove all phytate from the dough. In this study flours were first debranned; resulting bran was subjected to a hydrothermal process. The hydrothermaled (HT) brans were then incorporated in the Sangak flour. In the next step, physicochemical, rheological and microstructural characteristics of Sangak flour and dough prepared from two Iranian wheat varieties, Tajan and Back Cross of Roshan were investigated. Results indicated a reduction in phytate up to 55% in the samples. The resulting dough containing HT bran showed a higher development time and valorimetric value and was more stable than doughs made with normal bran. Dough made with HT bran showed a kind of protein matrix in which proteins and starch granules are oriented in a more non-ordered structure.     

孜然套种糯玉米间毛豆高效栽培技术

孜然芹．糯玉米．毛豆三种作物在一个生产年度内在同一田块上种植,能显著提高光合产量,土地利用率和经济效益。本文主要对孜然套糯玉米再间作毛豆的栽培技术和生产环节进行了详细阐述,并提出了一些高效的耕作和管理思想,以期为生产户服务。     

小麦蛋白质和淀粉性状与面包品质关系研究进展

蛋白质和淀粉是影响面包品质的主要因素。蛋白质的含量和质量,直链淀粉、支链淀粉比例以及破损淀粉含量都对面粉烘培品质有重要影响。本文综述了国内外对蛋白质和淀粉特性与面包品质关系的研究进展,并指出了下一步研究的重点。