松嫩平原扁秆藨草种群生殖株构件表型可塑性及生长分析

采用大样本取样野外实地测定方法,对松嫩平原扁秆藨草(Scirpus planiculmis)种群生殖株的数量性状和生殖分配规律进行了分析。结果表明,在籽实成熟期,扁秆藨草种群生殖株各数量性状具有较大的表型可塑性。变异系数以种子生物量最大,为81.63%;其次为种子生殖分配73.14%;株高最小,为13.11%。扁秆藨草种群生殖株表型可塑性遵循着规律性,即随着株高和株生物量的增加,茎叶生物量呈幂函数增加,花序生物量呈直线增加;生殖分配随着株高和株生物量的增加呈幂函数或指数减少。     

Aortic to caudal vena cava ratio measurements using abdominal ultrasound are increased in dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension

Chronically sustained systemic hypertension in dogs can damage the kidneys, eye, brain, heart, and vessels. In human medicine, systemic hypertension has been implicated as the most common risk factor for aorta dilation, which can progress to an aneurysm. Abdominal ultrasound has been commonly used to monitor the size of the abdominal aorta in people with systemic hypertension. In this retrospective cross‐sectional abdominal ultrasound study, evaluation of the size of the abdominal aorta relative to the caudal vena cava was performed in 18 control dogs and 128 dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension. Preexisting conditions contributing to systemic hypertension in these dogs were renal disease, hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus, adrenal tumors, and previous administration of phenylpropanolamine or palladia. The abdominal aorta and caudal vena cava were assessed from longitudinal images cranial to the trifurcation with measurements made from outer border to outer border of the walls, being careful not to compress the caudal vena cava that would alter its size. Our hypothesis was the ratio of the diameter of the abdominal aorta to caudal vena cava would be higher in dogs with systemic hypertension compared to dogs with normal blood pressure. The mean abdominal aorta‐caudal vena cava ratio was 1.028 in control dogs with a normal blood pressure and 1.515 in dogs with systemic hypertension. In dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension, the abdominal aorta was dilated compared to the caudal vena cava in the caudal abdomen. An increase in the abdominal aorta‐caudal vena cava ratio in a dog should raise suspicion for the presence of systemic hypertension and prompt evaluation of blood pressure.     

The hypoattenuating ocular lens on CT is not always due to cataract formation

Hypoattenuating ocular lenses on CT have been described with cataract formation in humans, however published studies are currently lacking regarding this finding in veterinary patients. The purpose of this retrospective and prospective study was to describe the varying CT appearances of the ocular lens in vivo, and investigate the causes for CT density variations in a population of cats and dogs. A total of 102 canine and feline patients with CT of the head acquired at the authors’ hospital between May 2011 and March 2019 were included. A bilateral hypoattenuating halo surrounding an isoattenuating to mildly hypoattenuating core was described in the ocular lens center of every cat in which a Philips brand proprietary image construction filter was used. A similar but more varied hypoattenuating region was noted in the lenses of 45.8% of dogs where the same filter was applied, as well as 43.8% of dogs with a second, similar filter. Ophthalmic examination of three live cats and one dog with hypoattenuating lenses demonstrated normal lens translucency, excluding the presence of cataract. The effect of different proprietary filters on lens appearance was also described in three fresh cadavers with normal lenses identified on ophthalmic, macroscopic, and microscopic examination. Etiology of the hypoattenuating areas within the ocular lens was not conclusively determined. Recognition that such a variant may be seen in the absence of cataract is important, in order to prevent misdiagnosis.     

基于融合坐标信息的改进YOLO V4模型识别奶牛面部

为实现奶牛个体的准确识别,基于YOLO V4目标检测网络,提出了一种融合坐标信息的奶牛面部识别模型。首先,采集71头奶牛面部图像数据集,并通过数据增强扩充提高模型的泛化性能。其次,在YOLO V4网络的特征提取层和检测头部分分别引入坐标注意力机制和包含坐标通道的坐标卷积模块,以增强模型对目标位置的敏感性,提高识别精度。试验结果表明,改进的YOLO V4模型能够有效提取奶牛个体面部特征,平均精度均值（mAP）为93.68%,平均帧率为18帧/s,虽然检测速度低于无锚框的CenterNet,但mAP提高了10.92%;与Faster R-CNN和SSD模型相比,在检测速度提高的同时,精度分别提高了1.51%和16.32%;与原始YOLO V4相比,mAP提高0.89%,同时检测速度基本不变。该研究为奶牛精准养殖中的牛脸图像识别提供了一种有效的技术支持。     

基于轻量型残差网络的自然场景水稻害虫识别

准确识别水稻害虫对水稻及时采取防护和治理措施具有重要意义,该研究以自然场景中水稻害虫图像为研究对象,针对水稻害虫图像的颜色纹理与背景相近以及同类害虫形态差异较大等特点,设计了一个由特征提取、全局优化以及局部优化模块构成的轻量型残差网络（Light Weight Residual Network,LW-ResNet）用于水稻害虫识别。在特征提取模块通过增加卷积层数以及分支数对残差块进行改进,有效提取自然场景中水稻害虫图像的深层全局特征并使用全局优化模块进行优化;局部优化模块通过设计轻量型注意力子模块关注害虫的局部判别性特征。LW-ResNet网络在特征提取模块减少了残差块的数量,在注意力子模块中采用深度可分离卷积减少了浮点运算量,从而实现了模型的轻量化。试验结果表明,所设计的LW-ResNet网络在13类水稻害虫图像的测试数据集上达到了92.5%的识别准确率,高于VGG16、ResNet、AlexNet等经典卷积神经网络模型,并且LW-ResNet网络的参数量仅为1.62×106个,浮点运算量仅为0.34×109次,低于MobileNetV3轻量级卷积神经网络模型。该研究成果可用于移动端水稻害虫的自动识别。     

注意力与多尺度特征融合的水培芥蓝花蕾检测

准确辨识水培芥蓝花蕾特征是区分其成熟度,实现及时采收的关键。该研究针对自然环境下不同品种与成熟度的水培芥蓝花蕾外形与尺度差异大、花蕾颜色与茎叶相近等问题,提出一种注意力与多尺度特征融合的Faster R-CNN水培芥蓝花蕾分类检测模型。采用InceptionV3的前37层作为基础特征提取网络,在其ReductionA、InceptionA和InceptionB模块后分别嵌入SENet模块,将基础特征提取网络的第2组至第4组卷积特征图通过FPN特征金字塔网络层分别进行叠加后作为特征图输出,依据花蕾目标框尺寸统计结果在各FPN特征图上设计不同锚点尺寸。对绿宝芥蓝、香港白花芥蓝及两个品种的混合数据集测试的平均精度均值mAP最高为96.5%,最低为95.9%,表明模型能实现不同品种水培芥蓝高准确率检测。消融试验结果表明,基础特征提取网络引入SENet或FPN模块对不同成熟度花蕾的检测准确率均有提升作用,同时融合SENet模块和FPN模块对未成熟花蕾检测的平均准确率AP为92.3%,对成熟花蕾检测的AP为98.2%,对过成熟花蕾检测的AP为97.9%,不同成熟度花蕾检测的mAP为96.1%,表明模型设计合理,能充分发挥各模块的优势。相比VGG16、ResNet50、ResNet101和InceptionV3网络,模型对不同成熟度花蕾检测的mAP分别提高了10.8%、8.3%、 6.9%和12.7%,检测性能具有较大提升。在召回率为80%时,模型对不同成熟度水培芥蓝花蕾检测的准确率均能保持在90%以上,具有较高的鲁棒性。该研究结果可为确定水培芥蓝采收期提供依据。     

融合坐标注意力机制的轻量级玉米花丝检测

玉米花丝性状是玉米生长状态的重要表征,也是决定玉米果穗生长进而影响玉米产量的重要因素。为了提升无人巡检机器人视觉系统对玉米花丝的检测精度和速度,该研究提出一种融合坐标注意力机制的轻量级目标检测网络YOLOX-CA。将坐标注意力机制（coordinate attention,CA）模块嵌入到YOLOX-s主干特征网络（Backbone）部分,以加强对关键特征的提取,提升检测精度;在颈部特征加强网络（Neck）部分,将特征金字塔结构中的普通卷积,更改为深度可分离卷积,在降低网络参数量的同时保证精度不丢失;在预测头（Head）部分引入GIoU(generalized intersection over union)改进定位损失函数计算,得到更为精准的预测结果。基于自建玉米花丝数据集训练和测试网络,试验结果表明,YOLOX-CA网络平均检测精确度达到97.69%,参数量低至8.35 M。在同一试验平台下,相较于YOLOX-s、YOLOv3、YOLOv4等目前主流的目标检测网络,平均检测精确度分别提升了2.21、3.22和0.64个百分点;相较于YOLOv3、YOLOv4,每帧推理时间分别缩短4...     

大麦高蛋白种质遗传稳定性分析

鉴定和筛选高蛋白大麦种质资源为育种者利用 ,提高饲用和食用大麦的营养品质是国内外大麦育种关注的热点。作者对“八五”、“九五”期间初鉴的 170余份蛋白质含量高的品种进行多点种植鉴定 ,从中选出 4 0份进行 2年多点重复鉴定和遗传稳定性分析 ,选出一批比Hiproly遗传稳定、性状比较优异的高蛋白种质。     

光照强度对光伏抽水灌溉系统性能的影响

为掌握光照变化对无蓄电池光伏灌溉系统运行特性的影响,搭建光伏灌溉系统开式试验台,试验测量了不同光照强度下的系统性能.试验结果表明:较低光照强度下喷头工作压力、射程随光照强度增大而增大,较高光照强度下随光照强度上下波动,射程变化趋势与工作压力变化趋势一致,但旋转周期变化趋势与工作压力呈相反规律;喷头工作压力变化趋势与光伏水泵出口压力、光伏组件输出功率变化趋势一致;光照强度1 000 W/m²附近系统运行参数达到阈值,喷头射程与工作压力最大值分别为9.8 m和0.44 MPa,水泵流量与出口压力最大值分别为1.68 m³/h和0.45 MPa;未达到阈值前,影响水泵与喷头运行的主要因素是光照强度,运行参数变化幅度较大,达到阈值后影响因素主要为光照强度和温度,运行参数变化幅度较小;较低光照强度下,组合平均喷灌强度随着光照强度增大而增大;较高光照强度下,组合平均喷灌强度随着光照强度上下变化,与光伏组件输出功率的变化趋势一致;随着光照强度增大,喷头喷灌均匀系数和分布均匀系数逐渐趋近最高值,喷灌均匀系数最高达到88%.