中国结缕草属(Zoysia spp.)植物抗寒性评价

在广泛收集结缕草属(ZoysiaWild.)种质资源基础上,按照形态类型和地理分布,选取40份种质,采用电导法(EL)对其抗寒性进行初步评价。以半致死温度(LT50)为评价指标,在参试材料中除大穗结缕草和来自台湾岛海边沙地的沟叶结缕草外,其它种质都较天堂-419(对照)抗寒;在结缕草属内,抗寒性具有明显的种间差异,耐寒性依次为日本结缕草>中华结缕草>沟叶结缕草>细叶结缕草>长花中华结缕草>大穗结缕草,其中细叶类型的沟叶结缕草和细叶结缕草抗寒性变异较大;日本结缕草和中华结缕草抗寒性变异与地理分布之间没有显著关系,但分布在海边的种类和种质抗寒性明显较低;结缕草属及其中华结缕草的抗寒性与叶长、叶宽以及叶背面被毛之间均存在显著的负相关关系,但这种关系不体现在日本结缕草上。实验结果还表明,EL方法是评价结缕草属抗寒性较为可靠的方法之一。     

Decreased transport of orally administered protein into the blood circulation of developing juveniles of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica

ABSTRACT: To clarify the quantitative changes in the transport of orally intubated protein into the blood circulation as macromolecules in development, immunoglobulin Y (IgY) extracted from chicken eggs was administered orally to juvenile Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica . For the first experiment, which was performed before the commencement of artificial feeding, the oral delivery of 2.0 μg/0.1 g bodyweight of IgY resulted in a rapid increase in plasma IgY to a maximum of 2.30 μg/mL. However, the transport of IgY into the blood decreased significantly in the experiments that followed, which were performed after 12, 25 and 42 days. During this period, bodyweight increased approximately by a factor of eight, and rapid growth of the stomach was observed histologically. Possible contributions for the development of the alimentary canal to the diminishment of intestinal protein assimilation are discussed.     

四川省退耕还林模式初探

根据自然地理分异规律、社会经济技术原理、生态学原理,分析了四川省的水土流失概况,提出了川中丘陵、盆周山地区、川西南干热干旱河谷区、川西北高山高原区的退耕还林模式。     

Changes in Endopeptidase Activity during Photosynthetic Declination in Rice Leaf

Two japonica rice varieties, Wuyujing 3 and 97-7, were used to study the changes in contents of soluble protein, free amino acids and endopeptidase activity during photosynthetic declination. The content of soluble protein in flag leaf of cv.Wuyujing 3 was higher than that of cv. 97-7, but decreased rapidly in Wuyujing 3. Free amino acids in flag leaf and the thirteenth leaf of Wuyujing 3 started to increase 10 days before the turning point of photosynthetic declination (TPPD), while it occurred just 1-2 days before TPPD in the flag leaf and the thirteenth leaf of 97-7. During reversible phase of photosynthetic declination,endopeptidase activity remained at a low level and increased slightly only in the later part of this phase. Then it rose up rapidly at irreversible decline phase and reached a very high level. For Wuyujing 3, the change in endopeptidase activity in the thirteenth leaf was parallel to that in flag leaf. However, for 97-7, the rapid increase of endopeptidase activity in the thirteenth leaf started later than that of flag leaf. The results implied that the rate of protein breakdown and conversion to transportable nitrogen in leaves of 97-7 was slower than that in leaves of Wuyujing 3 during photosynthetic declination and it led to relatively lower seed setting rate and fully filling grains rate in 97-7. This may be one of the important reasons why 97-7 could not bring the high yield potentiality into play and the findings may be taken into consideration while breeding for high potential varieties in future.     

不同饲养水平下蛋白质与氨基酸在阉牛小肠内消化率的研究

选择6头体重500～600kg ,安装有瘤胃、十二指肠前端和回肠末端瘘管的阉牛 ,分3期饲喂以玉米、棉籽饼和氨化稻草为基础原料配合的3种不同饲养水平的日粮 ,测定十二指肠、回肠和粪便中的粗蛋白质和各种必需氨基酸流量 ,计算粗蛋白质、真蛋白、总必需氨基酸、总非必需氨基酸和各种必需氨基酸在小肠内的表观消化率。结果显示 :随着饲养水平的下降 ,粗蛋白质、真蛋白、总必需氨基酸、总非必需氨基酸和亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸、胱氨酸的小肠表观消化率逐渐降低(P<0.05)。在每种饲养水平下 ,真蛋白的小肠表观消化率均大于粗蛋白质 (P<0.05) ;各种必需氨基酸的小肠表观消化率均有差异 ,精氨酸和亮氨酸的小肠消化率通常比真蛋白高 ,色氨酸和苏氨酸的小肠消化率比真蛋白低 ,但各种必需氨基酸的小肠表观消化率并没有一致的大小顺序。与日粮相比 ,十二指肠中的必需氨基酸组成发生了较大的变化 ;与回肠流量相比 ,粪便中的必需氨基酸排泄量也发生了较大的变化。     

13～18周龄笼养蛋鸭适宜蛋白质和蛋氨酸水平的研究

用 32 4羽满 1 2周龄的金定鸭 ,通过饲养试验、代谢试验、屠宰试验和对试鸭产蛋期 (1 9～ 2 8周龄 )产蛋性能的观察 ,研究了在等能条件下(ME :1 1 51MJ/kg) ,不同蛋白质水平 (CP :1 3 %、 1 5 %、 1 7% )和蛋氨酸水平 (Met/CP :0 0 1 7、 0 0 2 2、 0 0 2 7)组成的 9种饲粮对 1 3～ 1 8周龄笼养蛋鸭的生长性能、养分利用、体成分沉积和产蛋期产蛋性能的影响。结果表明 :该阶段饲粮粗蛋白、蛋氨酸水平对体增重影响不显著 (P >0 0 5) ;体增重与蛋氨酸 (% )呈一定的正相关 (r=0 4574) ;CP为 1 3%、Met/CP为 0 0 2 7组采食量一直较稳定、较高 ,且饲料效率又好。代谢试验 :不同粗蛋白、蛋氨酸水平饲粮对试鸭氮存留率和能量的利用率影响显著(P <0 0 5或P<0 0 1 ) ,且它们随饲粮CP水平的升高而降低 ,随蛋氨酸水平升高而升高 ;磷的利用率也分别以CP为 1 3%的水平和Met/CP为 0 0 2 7的水平极显著地高于其他水平对磷利用率 (P <0 0 1 )。屠宰试验 :当Met/CP为 0 0 2 7时 ,体氮沉积量和体磷沉积量最佳。产蛋性能 :开产日龄和高峰日龄与 1 3～ 1 8周龄CP食入量呈弱的负相关 (r=- 0 1 83 3和r=- 0 0 984) ,与蛋氨酸食入量呈正相关 (r =0 5780和r =0 435 0 )。饲粮粗蛋白、蛋氨酸水平对 1 9～ 2 8周龄     

永城县土壤养分变化动态与培肥措施

对永城县1982年至1987年土壤养分变化动态进行了定点分析研究.共分析了三十个乡的257个土样。土壤有机质和氮素含量1987年比1982年相应提高25%和41.4%;而速效磷和钾则相应降低36.1%和89.9%;微量元素有效锌、硼、钼含量均属中低级水平。据此提出了相应的培肥措施.     

Stoffbildung, CO2-Gaswechsel, Kohlenhydrat- und Stickstoffgehalt von Winterweizen bei erhöhter CO2-Konzentration und Trocken-streß

Dry Matter Production, CO₂ Exchange, Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Content of Winter Wheat at Elevated CO₂ Concentration and Drought Stress
Methods of mathematical modelling and simulation are being used to an increasing degree in estimating the effects of rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration and changing climatic conditions on agricultural ecosystems. In this context, detailed knowledge is required about the possible effects on crop growth and physiological processes. To this aim, the influence of an elevated CO₂ concentration and of drought stress on dry matter production, CO₂ exchange, and on carbohydrate and nitrogen content was studied in two winter wheat varieties from shooting to milk ripeness. Elevated CO₂ concentration leads to a compensation of drought stress and at optimal water supply to an increase of vegetative dry matter and of yield to the fourfold value. This effects were caused by enhanced growth of secondary tillers which were reduced in plants cultivated at atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Analogous effects in the development of ear organs were influenced additionally by competitive interactions between the developing organs. The content and the mass of ethanol soluble carbohydrates in leaves and stems were increased after the CO₂ treatment and exhausted more completely during the grain filling period after drought stress. Plants cultivated from shooting to milk ripeness at elevated CO₂ concentration showed a reduced response of net photosynthesis rate to increasing CO₂ concentration by comparison with untreated plants. The rate of dark respiration was increased in this plants.     

柠檬酸废液深层培养双孢蘑菇菌丝蛋白的研究

柠檬酸工业废液中含有一定有效物质,如糖类、蛋白质、矿物质等,可供微生物利用。本文介绍了利用废液深层培养双孢蘑菇菌丝蛋白的可能性及条件。并用1吨发酵堆进行生产试验,探讨了生产工艺条件,分析了发酵液中底物、产物的动态变化。双孢蘑菇菌丝蛋白培养温度25℃,底物 pH6,发酵周期6天,菌球直径1～3mm,菌球数量4.8×10~3个/ml,菌丝温重达底物量的29.3%。在上述条件下,发酵液中菌球直经、菌丝数量、发酵液粘度受生物剪切作用的影响,粘度大,剪切作用大,菌球直径小,菌球数量则多。本文为新型单细胞蛋白的开发,促进物质的多层次利用,消除环境污染,提供了一个新途径。