A Research on the Way of EMBET in the Tracking Systems'' Accuracy-analysis During Satellite Launch

In the past, the criterion for calibration has almost invariably been the stellar oriented ballistic camera,the method is a point to point comparison on the identical coordinate system. Deficiencies is follows: The request of weather is severe(cloudless night); The period is often long; the measure equipment of high precision can't be calibrated. While EMBET methods is used in calibration, it does not need criterion and it demands only that the measure elements is larger than 3,and the trajectory and many system errors of the measure elements can be simultaneously calculated with the measure data sequences. The error models of related equipments' measure elements and the EMBET of typical equipment group are given. The EMBET method is successfully used in Accuracy-analysis of Satellite Launch.     

土壤水分特征曲线几种标定的对比分析

土壤水分特征曲线的标定是土壤水的能量和数量关系在不同尺度间转换的方法,也是植被生态需水机理研究的重要组成部分。通过对传统的迭代法、一次法和建立的2种混合遗传算法进行比较,标定的结果表明,多项式遗传算法能综合考虑2种方差的影响,并能给出一致性的标定结果,这种经验式混合遗传算法对传统的标定算法进行了改进。     

以提高农民收入,发展农村经济为目标推进农业机械化进程--兼与广大读者共贺新年

农业机械化在我国农业现代化建设中的重要作用使之成为农业现代化的重要内容和主要标志．还没有其它任何一项农业新技术能在农业生产所有领域中被普遍应用，并产生强效地促进作用。提高农民收入、发展农村经济成为农业机械化新时期的重要任务之一，建设现代农业对2004年农业机械化上作提出了新的要求。     

基于GIS的黄河下游分布式水资源模拟

分布式水文模型是水文界研究的焦点问题之一。该研究选用黄河下游流域作为典型研究流域，应用ARC／INFO技术和遥感信息、国内最新水资源调查资料和我国自行开发的LL-Ⅱ分布式水文模型对流域的水资源量进行模拟计算。黄河下游流域内主河道由于泥沙的不断淤积属于典型的地上悬河，而且该地区随着经济的不断发展，人类活动对水资源的影响日益显著，尤其是跨流域调水的影响。本研究充分考虑各种人类活动对水资源的影响，对径流过程进行连续模拟，并取得了较好的模拟结果。     

用于直流传动控制系统的串行通讯

介绍了用Visual Basic提供的串行通讯控件，通过编程实现了PC机与应用单片机触发电路的直流传动系统的通信。     

Water Pricing and Sustainability of Self-Governing Irrigation Schemes

The sustainability of self-governingirrigation schemes is currently underpressure in many countries as publicfinancial support is decreasing.Furthermore, growing global concernregarding water scarcity means thatefficient water use is essential.Theoretically the choice and implementationof a water-pricing system should play acentral role in achieving this objective,both by recovering water costs and byencouraging farmers to adopt more efficientbehaviour. In the Senegal River Delta newlyestablished water users associations (WUAs)have chosen low water charges, which areaffordable for the majority of farmers butwhich underestimate long-term maintenancecosts. Combined with the difficulty ofcollecting and managing farmers' fees, thischoice has drawn them into a vicious circleleading to scheme deterioration and poorwater service. New alternatives have beendiscussed with them using a simulation toolthat takes into account both the watercosts and the farmers' incomes. Comparedwith the present fixed water charge basedonly on cultivated land, a two-part optionbased both on equipped and irrigated areasensures the recovery of fixed expenses suchas maintenance, while encouraging farmersto intensify their farming systems byadopting double cropping. Neverthelesschoosing a relevant water charge does notensure by itself the sustainability of anirrigation scheme. Combined supportproviding WUAS and farmers with efficientadvice regarding management andorganisational skills should alsocontribute significantly to achieve thisprime objective.     

农作物无损检测的机器视觉系统标定方法研究

基于机器视觉的无损检测是植物生长建模的关键技术之一,对图像采集系统进行标定是实现无损检测的基本步骤.目前,摄像机标定的方法有传统标定方法、主动视觉标定法、自标定方法等.为此,对现有标定方法分别进行了讨论与比较,结果表明,传统线性标定法可以满足农作物无损检测的要求.     

Farmers' perception on self created water management rules in a pioneer scheme: The mula irrigation scheme, India

During the past two decades with farmer participation in irrigation management moving to center stage, the traditional view of having a centralized control over the water resources for better management has changed. Nevertheless, success of irrigation management transfer depend on a whole set of institutional arrangements or the rules-in-use and the willingness of the users to comply and enforce and/or change the rules in the light of changing circumstances. There are many institutional analyses of water sector, much of them touch on law, policy and administration, and characteristics of the users. The present paper is based on the study carried out to examine the institutional arrangements in one of the water users association that was first in the Maharashtra state. It focuses on the institutional arrangements governing water use and distribution and attempts to elicit the perceptions of the members regarding the rules-in-use. The findings reveal that the WUA has been successful in devising and enforcing the rules for water distribution, fee collection and conflict resolution for over a decade. However, current socio-economic developments such as political heterogeneity have required explicit conflict resolution mechanisms. These issues have now become issues demanding immediate attention and may be use of existing courts or legal institutions to help the WUA sustain in future.