The socioeconomic burden of parasitic zoonoses: global trends

Diseases resulting from zoonotic transmission of parasites are common. Humans become infected through food, water, soil and close contact with animals. Most parasitic zoonoses are neglected diseases despite causing a considerable global burden of ill health in humans and having a substantial financial burden on livestock industries. This review aims to bring together the current data available on global burden estimates of parasitic zoonoses and indicate any changes in the trends of these diseases. There is a clear need of such information as interventions to control zoonoses are often in their animal hosts. The costs of such interventions together with animal health issues will drive the cost effectiveness of intervention strategies. What is apparent is that collectively, parasitic zoonoses probably have a similar human disease burden to any one of the big three human infectious diseases: malaria, tuberculosis or HIV in addition to animal health burden. Although the global burden for most parasitic zoonoses is not yet known, the major contributors to the global burden of parasitic zoonoses are toxoplasmosis, food borne trematode infections, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, leishmaniosis and zoonotic schistosomosis. In addition, diarrhoea resulting from zoonotic protozoa may have a significant impact.     

基于FX_(2N)的饲料配料混合系统设计与研究

文章采用PLC对淮安天参农牧水产有限公司饲料生产线的配料混合工序进行改造,以基于PLC的集散控制系统作为总体控制方案。通过对几种常见配料混合工艺比较分析,确定选用多料双秤同时配料工艺以缩短饲料配混时间,设计了PLC配料混合控制系统,介绍了系统硬件设计和软件控制流程。实践表明,以PLC为核心的该配料混合系统的配料精度和生产效率大幅提高,工人劳动强度明显降低。     

论增加农民收入——对补偿性措施和发展性措施的探讨

当前 ,农民增收问题已成为制约全面建设小康社会的关键因素。笔者立足于农民增收缓慢的现状 ,以中共十六大精神为指导 ,从补偿性措施和发展性措施两个方面提出解决上述问题的思路。     

New Vision and Policy Recommendations for Nutrition-Oriented Food Security in China

After four-decade significant economic growth and development, China sets a series of goals aiming at sustainable medium to high speed economic growth,reasonable equity, and better market oriented economy. In this pursue, agriculture will take a crucial role. Under the Health China 2030, National Nutrition Plan (2017-2030) and Rural Vitalization Strategy, more attention has been paid on nutrition both in policy and research field, meanwhile the linkage between agriculture and nutrition is enhancing, but the integration of Agriculture-Food Security-Nutrition system is not yet completed. During the economic transformation, agriculture and food industry will play a key role, especially when considering the nutrition and health status will impact the national physical fitness and therefore influence the economic transformation approach. It may also impact whether China can move out of the Middle Income Trap to some extent. In the new development era, China needs a new food security development strategy to improve the national nutrition status and sets of policies to strengthen the integration of agriculture and nutrition. This paper reviewed the major challenges about China’s food security and put forward a new vision based on international experiences, which aimed at providing recommendations for designing China’s food security strategy. The key food security challenges include natural and environmental pressure, such as insufficiency and degradation of land resources, shortage and pollution of water resources, climate change and extreme disaster, fiscal pressure caused by increasing agriculture subsidy, Triple Burden of malnutrition, food safety issues and food loss and waste. It requires institutional and technical innovations for the transformation of agriculture development which means that more value added, nutritious and healthy food should be produced, the productivity and efficiency of water, land and energy should be improved, and environmentally friendly social inclusive development should be considered. All of those call for a transformation of China’s food security strategy. This paper put forwards a new vision for China’s food security: China should set nutrition-oriented food security strategy with nutrition indicators as key targeted goals, aim to eliminate hunger and undernutrition by 2025 while effectively reducing overweight/ obesity and food safety risks. Therefore policy innovations are recommended including: Improve nutrition governance, Market motivated and nutrition oriented agriculture support system, Promote Nutrition-based Food Production, Establish efficient, safe, and inclusive food value chains, Policy innovation for sustainable nutritious diet and nutrition education, and Evidence based research to support policy making.     

新型农村社会养老保险筹资模式研究——以黑龙江省为例

借鉴已有的文献的研究结果,使用相关统计年鉴及年度统计公报的数据,采用聚类分析、比较分析,确定黑龙江省的类别归属.通过对黑龙江省筹资负担水平与其他省份地区的对比分析,阐述其个人、政府筹资负担水平的现状.最后结合黑龙江省老年人所需的最低生活基金及个人缴费适度区间,使黑龙江省现有的农村养老保险筹资模式进行了个人缴费档次、政府补贴及筹资渠道方面的调整.     

水价改革对农业节水发展的影响

农业供水价格的制订与实施,对灌区节水灌溉的发展具有重要的作用。根据灌区现行水价过低导致农业水资源浪费的现状,讨论导致水价偏低的主要原因,提出推进水价改革的合理化建议。     

日本受益者负担制度研究

日本的受益者负担制度与中国的行政收费制度具有相似之处,研究其对于规范中国的行政收费具有借鉴意义。受益者负担作为日本地方财政收入的方式之一,是指对于特定公共服务的特别受益者,在其受益的范围内,以分担金、负担金、使用费、手续费等形式使其承担该经费的一部分或全部的制度。其理论基础在于"特别受益"应当由"特别负担"来补偿的理论,因此,界定受益者负担的范围就是要界定被征收者与特定行政支出之间是否具有这种"特别受益"关系,而界定"特别受益"关系应当以受益范围的"特别性"与受益程度的"显著性"为标准。     

试论鲜奶配送合同的特点和证据法问题

鲜奶配送合同当事人之间具备信任关系，信誉成本较大；鲜奶配送合同标的额很小。以至于当事人不足以承担给据成本。送奶人履行合同没有书面证据，可采取“自认证据规则”、“推定”等方法证明。     

陈屯村农民负担现状及其解决对策

农民负担问题一直是社会各界关注的热点问题，解决农民负担问题，对启动农村市场，推动农村经济发展，提高农民现实购买力具有深远意义。本文通过陈屯村农民负担现状分析，究其根源，最后提出了相应解决措施。