西兰花栽培技术研究进展

西兰花,又名茎椰菜,青花菜。为十字花科芸苔属甘蓝种中以绿色花球为产品的一个变种。西兰花称得上是一种营养齐全的高质量蔬菜。目前,在我国栽培数量日益增加,这对生产者来讲是一种利润较高的蔬菜品种。因此,从品种,摘种,移栽,防病及收获等就近年来西兰花栽培技术的研究进展进行了综述。     

青花菜花球生长速度与气温关系研究

国内学术界都认为青花菜花球生长发育适温是16-18℃,但在临海市青花菜生产实践中,在1-2月份6℃左右的低温条件下,既不易造成冻害问题,又能持续生长发育,花球生长稳健,品质最好,区域优势得以充分发挥。在田间进行青花菜花球生长速度观察研究,同步记录田间气温,研究表明青花菜花球生长需要适度低温,气温3-5℃,花球直径每天增长0.12-0.24cm;气温5.5-8.5℃,花球直径每天增长0.30-0.50cm;气温11℃,花球直径每天增长0.84cm。     

Using a competition model to quantify the optimal trade-off between machine vision capability and weed removal effectiveness

The algorithm of an optical detection system was first investigated for its ability to correctly classify transplanted crops and weeds during the critical early stages of crop establishment and its robustness over a range of different crop species. The trade-off was then examined between increasing the sensitivity of the detection system vs. the possibility of, in doing so, misclassifying some crop plants as weeds and inadvertently removing them. This was achieved by running a competition model using parameters derived from the image analysis and assessing the outcome of scenarios in terms of yield. The optimum parameter values to maximize the detection of the crop and the optimum parameter values to maximize the detection of the weed appeared relatively insensitive to time of image capture or weed density. They also appeared insensitive for different crop species where the crop had similar growth habit. However, competition scenarios indicated that the detection system parameter settings to achieve optimum yields were sensitive to the competitive ability of the weed species. For Veronica persica, crop yield was more sensitive to accidental crop removal than from competition. In contrast, in the presence of Tripleurospermum inodorum, yield loss was more attributable to weed competition. Importantly, linking the detection system with the competition model illustrated the principle that optimum yield may not necessarily be obtained by maximizing weed removal or minimizing crop removal. This first example of combining a detection system with a competition model presents a new opportunity to quantify the sensitivity of image classification in terms of yield.     

高萝卜硫素青花菜新品种‘福青1号’

 青花菜新品种‘福青1号’为中晚熟一代杂种,株高60 cm,开展度65 cm,叶片15片,叶面蜡粉中等,叶色绿,花球绿,花蕾中细,定植后80 d开始收获。萝卜硫素含量高达984.47 μg·g-1,是对照品种的9.45倍。     

“双季稻+西兰花”水旱轮作模式增产增效栽培技术研究

在温光资源适宜地区,因地制宜开展“早晚稻+西兰花”水旱轮作栽培技术研究,旨在探究在保证粮食生产条件下提高稻田周年生产效益的途径。试验对比了“双季稻+冬闲”“双季稻+西兰花”两种模式水稻产量、水稻季氮肥偏生产力以及稻田周年生产效益。结果表明,“双季稻+西兰花”模式可以显著提高连作早稻产量、早稻季氮肥偏生产力,降低早稻季肥料投入成本,大幅度提高稻田周年生产效益。“双季稻+西兰花”水旱轮作是实现双季稻绿色节本增效可持续发展的栽培技术。     

青花菜非对称体细胞杂交研究

以具有良好再生能力的"玉皇"青花菜下胚轴原生质体为供体、"优秀"下胚轴原生质体为受体,进行非对称体细胞杂交,获得再生植株。结果表明:供体原生质体UV射线的最大辐射剂量为0.10 J/cm;受体原生质体R-6G的最大处理剂量为40μg/mL;PEG-6000 250 g/L,CaCl2.2H2O 1.025 g/L,甘露醇45.5 g/L,山梨醇45.5 g/L,附加15%DMSO,可获得14%的融合率。综合改良的融合体培养基最适激素浓度为:6-BA 0.3 mg/L,NAA 0.2 mg/L,2,4-D 0.5 mg/L。     

Assessing variability in fecundity of Amaranthus powellii using a simulation model

Estimates of weed fecundity and its variability are critical for the development of population dynamic models and for evaluating the long‐term consequences of weed management practices. The purpose of this research was to estimate Amaranthus powellii fecundity across years, seasons and competitive environments using a mechanistic model. Existing models were modified to account for weed responses to shade, and to dynamically simulate seed production among subthreshold densities of A. powellii. The model was parameterized and tested using five sets of field data in which A. powellii was grown either alone or with transplanted broccoli. The model overestimated A. powellii height, but predicted both dry weight and fecundity well. Mean simulated fecundity for A. powellii ranged from 0 to 268 000 seeds per plant depending on year, crop maturity date, relative time of emergence and location. Year‐to‐year variability in simulated fecundity was large with coefficients of variation ranging from 77 to 128 under low and high competitive environments respectively. Our results suggest that estimates of weed fecundity based on 1 or 2 years of empirical data may result in significant errors in population dynamic models, and that the use of economic optimum thresholds based on weed density alone entails considerable risks.     

青花菜新品种碧绿258 的选育

碧绿258 是以细胞质雄性不育系CMS401 为母本，以自交系202 为父本配制而成的青花菜一代杂种。中熟，从定植 至收获85 d（天）左右；株型直立，叶片稍皱，叶缘波浪形，叶面蜡粉多；花球半圆球形、紧实，花蕾细小、绿色，低温条 件下不易变紫，单球质量0.5 kg 左右，VC 含量1 061 mg · kg^-1（FW），蛋白质含量3.32%，且富含矿物营养；田间对病毒病 和黑腐病的抗性与对照优秀、耐寒优秀相当，每667 m² 产量1 300 kg 左右，适合北京、河北、天津、河南等地秋季种植。     

西兰花生产现状、存在的问题及建议

为了促进西兰花产业发展，从我国西兰花区域分布、品种演变、种植模式、机械化作业装备等方面，总结了其生产现状，指出了机械化程度低、病虫害防治不规范、种植方式落后等问题，并结合目前开展的机械化、标准化和规模化生产试验示范，提出了西兰花产业发展建议，如加强西兰花机械化生产技术示范推广力度、制定农机农艺融合高效栽培技术规范、建立定期培训机制等。     

青花菜高频再生体系建立及芽再生机理的研究

以青花菜无菌苗的不同部位为外植体,研究了青花菜离体再生体系的建立以及芽形态建成过程中其组织内部生理生化的变化。结果表明:在所选用的外植体中,萌发10d的无菌苗下胚轴和生根15d的试管苗茎段为再生的最适外植体;在研究所涉及的生长调节剂中以6-BA/IBA对芽分化最有效,当培养基中6-BA/IBA为4.0/0.3mg/L时,下胚轴和茎段外植体芽分化率均高达96.67%。愈伤组织形成、不定芽分化均与其组织内部大分子变化有关,在整个芽再生过程中可溶性蛋白质含量呈增加趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性也随着芽的形态发生呈现相应的变化。