A new yam bean (Pachyrhizus spp.) interspecific hybrid

The yam bean (Pachyrhizus spp.) is a legume tuber / root crop locally grown in Central America, South America and Asia. The tuber is usually consumed raw for its refreshing taste and high moisture content. A recently found P. tuberosus type from a small ecogeographic region in the tropical lowlands of Peru has a high tuber dry matter content and this so-called Chuin-Type is consumed like manioc. This study was conducted to determine the possibility to use the Chuin-Type as a source to incorporate high dry matter into the remaining yam bean gene pool. Three P. tuberosus (Chuin) accessions were crossed with 15 P. ahipa accessions from the Andean highlands resulting in six successful interspecific hybridisations. Successful crosses were confirmed by morphological and agronomical traits as well as multivariate statistics. All hybrid plants were fertile and vigorous. Owing to the fertility and vigour of interspecific hybrids it is assumed that a hybrid between P. tuberosus and P. ahipa might already evolved in the area of origin and that interspecific hybridisation is appropriate to improve the tuber dry matter content in the yam bean which might give the crop new forms of food and processing use.     

Field evaluation of N2 fixation and N partitioning in climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using 15N

Summary The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is generally regarded as a poor N₂ fixer. This study assessed the sources of N (fertilizer, soil, and fixed N), N partitioning and mobilization, and soil N balance under field conditions in an indeterminate-type climbing bean (P. vulgaris L. cv. Cipro) at the vegetative, early pod-filling, and physiological maturity stages, using the A-value approach. This involved the application of 10 and 100 kg N ha^-1 of ¹⁵N-labelled ammonium sulphate to the climbing bean and a reference crop, maize (Zea mays L.). At the late pod-filling stage (75 days after planting) the climbing bean had accumulated 119 kg N ha^-1, 84% being derived from fixation, 16% from soil, and only 0.2% from the ¹⁵N fertilizer. N₂ fixation was generally high at all stages of plant growth, but the maximum fixation (74% of the total N₂ fixed) occurred during the interval between early (55 days after planting) and late podfilling. The N₂ fixed between 55 and 75 days after planting bas a major source (88%) of the N demand of the developing pod, and only about 11% was contributed from the soil. There was essentially no mobilization of N from the shoots or roots for pod development. The cultivation of common bean cultivars that maintain a high N₂-fixing capacity especially during pod filling, satisfying almost all the N needs of the developing pod and thus requiring little or no mobilization of N from the shoots for pod development, may lead to a net positive soil N balance.     

红小豆“京农6号”新品种选育

红小豆是我国传统的栽培豆类之一。笔者根据华北地区红小豆育种目标,利用大面积推广的"京农5号"品种和从国外引进并经多代选择的优良株系(NL8 1)作为亲本进行杂交组配,历经1997—2003年7年的选育,育成高产、优质、大粒型新品种"京农6号"。该品种适宜华北地区夏播,全生育期95d以内,株型直立,株高40～60cm,产量潜力3000kg/hm2,百粒重16g以上、蛋白质含量达25%以上。     

小麦/蚕豆间作条件下磷对作物产量和相关生理指标的影响

试验选择小麦/蚕豆模式,设计不同的磷水平,对小麦/蚕豆系统经济产量和相关生理指标做 了初步分析。结果得出:供磷显著提高了小麦和蚕豆的经济产量。与不供磷(P0)相比,中磷处理(P1)小 麦籽粒增产51．78％,蚕豆增产24．16％;高磷处理(P2)小麦增产58．05％,蚕豆增产23．74％。结果也表 明:供磷提高系统经济产量可能是由于磷是光合作用的底物和调节物,有利于小麦抽穗期(蚕豆开花 期)作物上位叶片叶绿素含量的提高,同时增加了植株中光合中间产物可溶性糖的积累,促进营养物 质向籽粒的转化。供磷也提高了作物叶片游离脯氨酸的含量,但处理间差异不显著。     

地面灌溉条件下蚕豆的水分生产函数与灌溉定额的确定

采用最小二乘法和线性规划法对蚕豆水分生产函数与灌溉定额进行了研究.结果表明:在地面灌溉条件下,蚕豆产量与耗水量呈二次函数关系;蚕豆在拔节-开花,开花-结荚2个生育期对缺水最为敏感;蚕豆经济灌溉定额为2 400 m3/hm2,在苗期-拔节、拔节-开花、开花-结荚、结荚-成熟4个生育阶段,最优分配灌溉定额依次为675、750、975 m3/hm2.     

蓖麻碱粗提物对石榴棉蚜的生物活性研究

用水提法从蓖麻籽壳中提取蓖麻碱粗提物,采用浸渍法对石榴棉蚜进行杀虫试验。结果表明:100、50 mg/ml的蓖麻碱粗提液具有一定的杀虫效果,12.5、6.25 mg/ml的蓖麻碱粗提液杀虫效果不明显。蓖麻碱粗提液48 h的毒力回归方程为y=0.952 9 x+3.174 6,LC50=82.34 mg/ml,r=0.991 6**;72 h的回归方程为y=1.65 x+2.907 6,LC50=62.52 mg/ml,r=0.947 3*。     

武夷山杉阔混交林种群生态位特征

对武夷山保护区杉阔混交林中 1 1个主要乔木种群的生态位特征进行分析 .结果表明 :在杉阔混交林中 ,不同公式计算出的生态位宽度值之间存在着显著正相关关系 .主要种群的生态位宽度和重要值之间也存在着显著正相关关系 .重要值较大的种群对生境的适应性也较强 ,其生态位宽度较大 .杉木、木荷、丝栗栲、马尾松种群属宽生态位种 .大多数种对的生态位重叠较大 ,对资源的共享趋势明显 ,群落稳定性较好 .宽生态位种与其它种群的生态位重叠机会大 ;反之 ,则小     

The Sequence Variations of Intron-3 of the α-Amylase Gene in Adzuki Bean

This study describes variation of intron-3 of a-amylase gene from 156 breeds of adzuki beansusing SSCP(single-strand conformation polymorphism)analysis. Based on a-amylase gene structure and se-quence, A pair of PCR primers, F (CCTACATTCTAACACACCCT) and R (GCATATTGTGCCAGTACAAT)were designed to amplify intron-3 fragments of a-amylase gene. 14 variant types were detected, including 13,9, 10, 4 variant types in the wild, weed, locally cultivated and modern brought-up adzuki beans respectively,9, 8, 7 variant types of the wild adzuki beans from Japan, China and Korea respectively, and some other va-riant types in the local adzuki beans from China and Bhutan. 60 % of subjects of cultivated races were found tobe EE type in the experiment. In addition, sequence analysis of intron-3 of α-amylase gene from 8 varianttypes reveals the evolution process of various variant types in adzuki beans.     

蔗后高效快速培肥土壤的研究

以矮生四季豆“Provider”蔗后填闲栽培,打破水田蔗区长期实行蔗—稻·稻·麦—蔗的禾本科作物连作,在取得良好直接经济效益的同时,又快速培肥了土壤,为水田蔗区种地养地、种养结合开拓了一条新的有效途径。     

市售豆芽中激素和生长调节剂检测分析

以重庆地区市售豆芽为对象,利用高效液相色谱法,研究了其中赤霉素(GA3)、激动素(KT)、6-苄氨基嘌呤(BA)、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)四种激素的残留情况。检测结果表明,豆芽菜中含有大量的GA3和2,4-D,但不同来源的豆芽中这两种物质的含量波动较大,而KT和BA未检出,这表明激素残留是豆芽菜安全控制的主要对象。本试验用高效液相色谱法测定目标物质的回收率达到了82.65%~100.53%,相对标准偏差均小于15%。