不同样品对黄羽种鸡禽白血病病毒净化检测效果的影响

【目的】评估黄羽种鸡禽白血病的净化工作,比较源于同一鸡群不同样品对禽白血病病毒(ALV)检测结果的影响.【方法】采用ALV抗原ELISA方法对广东一黄羽种鸡场采集的2 691枚种蛋进行检测,根据检测结果采集其中70份不同S/P区间所对应的母鸡抗凝血,分离血浆后分别同时接种于CEF和DF-1细胞,用病毒分离方法进行检测,并用PCR方法进行亚群鉴定.【结果和结论】从送检种蛋蛋清共检出ALV p27阳性样品243份,阳性率为9.03%(243/2 691);蛋清不同ELISA S/P区间所对应的病毒分离情况分别为:蛋清ELISA S/P≥2.0的鸡只其血样CEF和DF-1细胞病毒分离率均为100%;1.5≤S/P2.0的鸡只病毒分离率均为88.9%;1.0≤S/P1.5的鸡只病毒分离率均为85.7%;0.2≤S/P1.0的鸡只病毒分离率分别为60%~75%(CEF)和40%~50%(DF-1);0.1≤S/P0.2的鸡只病毒分离率为62.5%(CEF)和50%(DF-1);S/P0.1的鸡只分别为27.2%(CEF)和9.1%(DF-1)的病毒分离率.PCR结果显示,所有7份CEF+DF-1-的CEF培养物中有6份为内源性ALV-E.研究表明,在蛋清ELISA检测时,S/P越高的阳性蛋清样品其对应母鸡越可能是外源性ALV病毒血症阳性;有一定比例S/P较低的阳性蛋清样品是由对应母鸡体内的内源性ALV排毒所致;而净化初期少数蛋清S/P为阴性的蛋清,其对应母鸡仍可能检出外源性ALV,说明在黄羽种鸡外源性ALV净化方案中单独使用1次蛋清ELISA检测可能会给禽白血病的净化检测造成一定的"误诊"和"漏检".     

西宁地区AA父母代肉种鸡生产性能初步观测

观测了西宁华青蛋禽公司肉鸡场ＡＡ父母代种鸡的生产性能。结果表明，雏鸡成活率为９６．７５％，育成期成活率９７．２１％，产蛋期成活率８２．５３％，饲养日平均产蛋率５１．７２％，产蛋高峰产蛋率７７．６５％，６２周累计产蛋量１３０枚，平均蛋重６７．８５ｇ，入孵蛋孵化率７２．１７％。     

不同季节和种鸡日龄对种蛋孵化率的影响

夏季和冬季出雏的二批罗曼种鸡饲养和孵化测定结果表明，不同季节对种蛋的受精率和孵化率有一定的影响；而不同的种鸡日龄对种蛋的受精率和孵化率也有较大的影响；季节和种鸡日龄的双重影响对受精率和孵化率的影响更明显。     

河北进境种用动物衣原体血清学检测

衣原体病是一种重要的人畜共患病,给养殖业带来巨大的经济损失,同时严重威胁从业人员的身体健康。本研究对河北辖区引进的2批种鸡、2批种鸭及2批种猪进行抽样,使用间接血凝试验（IHA）检测引进种用动物的衣原体抗体。结果表明：衣原体IHA抗体阳性率为15.7%。在种鸡、种鸭和种猪中均检测到衣原体IHA抗体,阳性率分别为18.1%、4.2%和20%。这说明在引进种用动物中存在着较高的衣原体抗体阳性率,需要加强对该病的检测。     

葡萄籽粕替代玉米对种鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能、鸡蛋品质及新城疫抗体水平的影响

试验旨在研究葡萄籽粕对种鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能、鸡蛋品质及新城疫抗体水平的影响。选取产蛋率、体重相近,健康状态良好的64周龄罗曼灰父母代种鸡810只,随机分为6组,每组5个重复,每个重复27只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂葡萄籽粕替代基础日粮中3%、4.5%、6%、7.5%、9%玉米的试验日粮（分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组）。预试期7 d,正试期30 d。探讨日粮中添加不同水平的葡萄籽粕对种鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能、鸡蛋品质及新城疫抗体水平的影响及其作用机理。结果表明：葡萄籽粕能够明显抑制种鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能降低,对于日均产蛋量,试验Ⅲ组极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组产蛋率较对照组分别提高了12.38%、14.76%、18.09%（P<0.05）,各试验组蛋鸡的日均采食量、料蛋比及破软蛋率与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）;葡萄籽粕处理组鸡蛋的哈氏单位、蛋黄重及蛋壳强度均高于对照组,但随葡萄籽粕添加量的增加没有表现出规律性变化;葡萄籽粕能够降低鸡蛋胆固醇含量（P<0.01）;并能够提高种鸡新城疫HI抗体水平（P>0.05）。综上,在种鸡产蛋高峰后期日粮中以葡萄籽粕替代玉米,可提高种鸡生产性能和新城疫抗体效价,改善鸡蛋品质,降低鸡蛋中胆固醇含量,且以替代6%的玉米效果较好。     

Effect of Initial Full Feeding of Broiler Breeder Pullets on Carcass Development and Body Weight Variation

Broiler breeder pullets are fully fed for several weeks to give chicks a vigorous start, to establish an adequate frame size, and to build increased flock BW uniformity. This study was designed to determine whether reducing the length of the initial ad libitum feeding period of pullets would be detrimental to subsequent fleshing, skeletal development, and BW variation. A total of 720 Ross 308 pullets were placed in 8 pens on the day of hatch and provided ad libitum access to feed at 1 wk (1WK) or 3 wk (3WK) of age, at which time a 5:2 restriction program began. Individual BW and external fleshing scores, and flock BW variation (CV and uniformity) were monitored. At 4, 8, 12, and 16 wk, 60 randomly selected birds per treatment were dissected for assessment of breast muscle, fatness, and reproductive development. At 3 wk of age, BW of the 3WK pullets (471 g) was greater than that of the 1WK pullets (312 g), and the daily rate of gain was double. Although feed allocation was decreased markedly at 3 wk in 3WK birds, by 4 wk they weighed 30% more, and had a greater frame size and proportion of breast muscle than the 1WK birds. At 8 wk of age, the 3WK birds were still heavier (973 g for 3WK vs. 899 g for 1WK). Most carcass measures were similar between treatments at 12 wk of age, by which time BW profiles were similar. At 16 wk of age, frame size and proportion of breast muscle were not different between groups. The BW variation did not differ through the initial 12 wk, but was superior at 14 and 16 wk of age in 1WK birds, possibly because of greater feed allocation between 8 to 16 wk, which is the most intense feed restriction period. The reduced feed intake of 3WK birds at the onset of feed restriction reduced their ME requirement for maintenance, likely contributing to this result. Increasing the length of the ad libitum feed access period after hatch altered growth and conformation traits to 8 wk of age and did not affect frame size or proportion of breast muscle, but increased BW variability late in the rearing period.     

植酸酶对蛋种鸡生产性能的影响

本试验用140ppm 植酸酶制剂替代对照组饲粮中骨粉的全部磷饲喂产蛋种鸡。结果表明:鸡的产蛋率、产蛋量、产蛋重、产蛋壳重、料蛋比、死亡数、蛋品质部分指标以及种蛋受精率等均未受到不良影响,但种蛋蛋壳质量变差,孵化率降低。     

End-of-Season Carcass and Reproductive Traits in Original and Replacement Male Broiler Breeders

Reproductive efficiency of male broiler breeders declines toward the end of a production cycle. It is common to add young, replacement males (spiking) to a breeder flock to maintain or increase fertility. To date, no study has reported if there are differences in the carcass and reproductive morphology between original and spiked males at the end of the breeding period. In this study, the weight, fleshing traits, footpad condition, and testes size of 327 Hubbard males (237 original and 90 replacement) from a commercial operation were examined. The original birds (63 wk of age) had significantly higher BW, breast weight, girth measurement, keel length, and spur length than the spiked males (48 wk of age). While external indicators of size and fleshing differed betweenreplacement and original roosters, testis weight was not affected by the age of the bird. It was found that average testis weight correlated well with BW in birds in which testicular regression had not taken place but only weakly with spur length. Because original males had a higher BW and were more heavily fleshed than replacement males, their ability to successfully complete matings may have been impeded. Further research is needed to link growth profiles with semen quality, sexual behavioral, and longevity of a male breeder in a commercial flock.     

种公鸡能量与生长发育和繁殖性能关系的研究进展

通过对能量的概念、来源、重要性、最佳需要量以及对种公鸡生长发育和繁殖性能的影响进行综述,表明能量是影响种公鸡生长发育和繁殖性能的重要营养因素,通过合理设置能量水平,可以提高种公鸡的生长发育和繁殖性能。