金水乌鸡黑羽丝毛系选育报告

用黑羽黑皮的江汉鸡对白羽丝毛乌骨鸡先导入杂交后闭锁群继代选育,培育出金水乌鸡黑羽丝毛系.黑羽丝毛系90日龄体重1kg以上,料肉比3.36:1.     

小麦面团流变学特性与馒头品质分析

测试小麦面团流变学特性具有重要意义。测试的主要方法有基础法和经验法两种。测试仪器主要有粉质仪、拉伸仪、揉混仪、吹泡示功仪、质构仪等。粉质仪主要测定的指标有面粉吸水率、面团形成时间、面团稳定性、弱化度和粉质质量指数等。拉伸仪主要测定的指标有面团抗延伸性、延伸性、拉伸面积、拉伸比例等。揉混仪主要测定的指标有抗揉混阻力、最佳揉和时间、搅拌耐力、烘焙估计吸水值等。吹泡示功仪可以得到面团的韧性、延伸性和烘焙力等信息。质构仪可获得对面团流变特性最大拉伸阻力、拉伸比、面团粘性、面团强度等参数的测试结果。     

The final established physicochemical properties of steamed bread made from frozen dough: Study of the combined effects of gluten polymerization,water content and starch crystallinity on bread firmness

The gluten polymerization behavior, water content, starch crystallinity and firmness of Chinese steamed bread made from frozen dough were investigated and their correlations were also established in this study. The decreased degree of gluten polymerization in steamed bread was observed by the enhanced SDS-extractable proteins (SDSEPs) upon frozen storage. Less incorporation of glutenin in the glutenin–gliadin crosslinking of steamed bread mainly contributed to the decreased degree of gluten polymerization. The decreased moisture of steamed bread had a significant negative correlation with the sublimated water in frozen dough (r = −0.8850, P < 0.01). Frozen storage also induced an increase in starch crystallinity and bread firmness. A multiple linear regression model with SDS-extractable proteins, water content and melting enthalpy of starch crystals of steamed bread accounted for 86% of the variance in the natural logarithm of firmness and further revealed that starch crystallinity mainly contributed to bread firmness.     

Impact of different beer yeasts on wheat dough and bread quality parameters

In order to investigate the impact of different yeast strains from the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the dough and bread quality parameters, wheat flour was fermented using different beer yeasts. The results show that beer yeast strains could be included in the baking process since S. cerevisiae T-58 and S. cerevisiae s-23 provided adequate gas production and dough formation with superior structural properties like extensibility and stickiness to S. cerevisiae baker's yeast. The resulting breads show the highest specific volume with the highest slice area and the highest number of cells and the lowest hardness over time. The different yeasts had also an impact on the crust colour due to their abilities to ferment different sugars and on shelf life due to the production of a range of different metabolic by-products. According to this study it was possible to produce higher quality bread by using yeast coming from the brewing industry, instead of bread containing standard baker's yeast.     

Effect of wheat germ flour addition on wheat flour,dough and Chinese steamed bread properties

Wheat germ flour (WGF) has been developed as a functional food ingredient with high nutritional value. In this study, WGF was applied in steamed bread-making in order to improve the quality of Chinese steamed bread (CSB). Partial substitution of wheat flour with WGF at levels of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% (w/w) was carried out to investigate physicochemical properties of blends and their steaming performance. Falling number (FN) values of composite flours ranged from 199 to 223 s. Viscosity analysis results showed that wheat flour mixed with WGF had higher pasting temperature and lower viscosities. Dough rheological properties were also investigated using farinograph and extensograph. The addition of WGF diluted the gluten protein in dough and formed weak and inextensible dough, which can be studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. CSB made with WGF had significantly lower volume, specific volume and higher spread ratio. The sensory acceptability and physicochemical quality of CSB were improved with the application of a low level of WGF (3% and 6%). However, results showed that a high level of WGF over 9% is not recommended because of unsatisfactory taste. As a whole, addition of appropriate level of WGF in wheat flour could improve the quality of CSB.     

土壤结构改良剂研究综述

综述了目前土壤结构改良剂的分类、作用与功能等方面研究取得的进展。     

中麦175馒头和面条品质稳定性分析

为给优质小麦育种和生产提供参考依据,以优质小麦新品种中麦175于2010-2011年度在河北和北京14个地点的样品为材料,分析了磨粉品质、面粉和面片颜色、面团流变学和淀粉糊化特性、馒头和面条加工品质。结果表明,中麦175为馒头和面条兼用型优质品种,特点是软质、中偏弱的面筋强度、面粉颜色白,多数品质性状较稳定,籽粒硬度、PPO活性、面片a*值、稳定时间、拉伸面积、延展性和最大抗延阻力的变异系数较大,馒头加工品质地点间变异大于面条。磨粉品质和面团流变学参数对馒头加工品质有显著影响,籽粒硬度和出粉率对馒头表面颜色有显著负向影响,相关系数分别为-0.82(P<0.01)和-0.58(P<0.05);面粉L*值高,馒头加工品质好,二者相关系数为0.72(P<0.01);吸水率与馒头总分呈显著负相关(r=-0.84,P<0.01),稳定时间、拉伸面积、延展性和最大抗延阻力与馒头总分呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.85(P<0.01)、0.77(P<0.01)、0.62(P<0.05)和0.70(P<0.01)。降低PPO活性和吸水率,提高蛋白质含量、出粉率和黄色素含量可以改善面粉和面片颜色的亮白度,增加部分黄度,形成消费者可接受的奶白色。淀粉糊化特性对馒头和面条加工品质无显著影响。上述信息对改良小麦品质的稳定性有重要意义。     

杂粮馒头的生产工艺研究及鉴定评价

实验室试验与实际生产应该紧密结合,经发酵蒸制而成的杂粮馒头,具备色多、光亮、皮软、光润、膨松喧软、筋力适度、淡香微甜等的感官性状,其有宜于配菜,久食不厌的特点。而且,杂粮馒头还有经济、实惠、物美、价廉、易消化等优点。     

豆皮粉营养风味改良剂的制备及其应用

为改善国内豆皮资源大量浪费与研究深度不够的现状,寻求简便、低成本方法使豆皮高值化。通过焙烤制备豆皮粉风味改良剂,由正交试验优化工艺条件,并将豆皮粉添加到面包中,进行感官评定和持水性测定。通过正交试验,确定制备豆皮粉风味改良剂的最佳工艺条件为烘烤温度180℃,烘烤时间10 min,粉碎细度200目;通过感官评定和核磁共振CPMG实验发现,豆皮粉添加量为2%时的面包具有大豆特有的香味,弾柔性好,有嚼劲,同时持水性较好。制备的改良剂具有大豆特有豆香味,富含膳食纤维,颜色、细度与高筋面粉相近,适量添加可改善面包品质,可以作为营养风味改良剂添加到面包等食品中。     

添加玉米粉对馒头品质的影响

为了选择玉米淀粉的最佳添加工艺,使馒头品质得到改善,进行了三因素三水平实验。A因素为玉米淀粉添加量,三水平为15%,20%,25%;B因素为发酵时间,三水平为2.5,3.0,3.5 h;C因素为加水量,三水平为50%,53%,55%。正交分析显示三因素中对馒头感官评价的影响为A>B>C,即玉米淀粉添加量>发酵时间>加水量。所以在实际生产中,应控制好玉米淀粉添加量,确保馒头品质的显著提高。