LOW-FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF EARLY SUBCHONDRAL CYST-LIKE LESIONS IN INDUCED CRANIAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT DEFICIENT DOGS

Six healthy adult male mongrel dogs underwent cranial cruciate ligament transection in the left stifle. Survey radiography of both stifles and low-field (0.064 T) MRI of the left stifle were performed preoperatively and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Focal changes in signal intensity were seen with MRI in the subchondral bone of the medial tibial condyle at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. At 12 weeks postoperative, a cyst-like lesion was detected using MRI in the subchondral bone of the medial tibial condyle in 4 of 6 dogs and a less defined lesion at this site in the remaining 2 dogs. The cyst-like lesion was spherical in shape and showed typical characteristics of fluid with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and high signal intensity on inversion recovery images. The lesion was seen in the subchondral bone of the caudal medial and/or middle region of the tibial plateau slightly cranial to the insertion of the caudal cruciate ligament. No subchondral cysts were seen in the tibia on radiographs. Histopathologically, the tibia was characterized by a loose myxomatous phase of early subchondral cyst formation.     

Research Advances in Escherichia coli K1 Penetration Across Blood-brain Barrier

E.coli K1 strain is a representative strain of neonatal sepsis and meningitis, which causes disease by blood circulation to the brain. The molecular mechanism of E.coli K1 that adhering and invading the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) has been focused on by many scholars. In this review, we focused on the gene regulation mechanisms and signaling pathway of E.coli K1 crossing the blood brain barrier to understand the molecular mechanism of the infection caused by E.coli and provide reference for prevention and treatment programs.     

稻瘟病菌T-DNA插入的突变表型分析

PCR技术检测28个形态发育和致病性相关T-DNA插入突变体，结果所有突变体均含磷酸转移酶基因序列。对这些突变体展开进一步生物学性状观察，发现15个颜色异常，8个菌落生长缓慢，2个分生孢子形态异常，2个附着胞形态异常，3个不能形成附着胞。致病性测定结果，9个突变体完全不能导致抗瘟（C101）和感瘟（日本晴）水稻苗致病，病害级别均为0级。用标准菌株1528和P131测定突变体有性世代的形成能力，结果发现， Y34-0211、Y34-1469和Y34-0635 3个突变体完全丧失产生有性世代的能力。     

Hydraulic conductivity and porosity under conventional and no-tillage and the effect of three species of cover crop in northern France

We studied soil hydraulic conductivity (K) and porosity in five combinations of soil tillage and cover crop management systems. Treatments were winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown on a conventionally tilled soil (CT), on a no‐till soil (NT), and on an NT with three different cover crops: red fescue (Festuca rubra L.; Fr), bird's‐foot‐trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.; Lc) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.; Ms). Measurements were made on a loamy soil in Grignon, France, in November 2004, May 2005 and October 2005. K and mean size of hydraulically active pores were measured in situ at three water potentials (?0.6, ?0.2 and ?0.05 kPa) at the soil surface and at 10 cm depth. In November 2004 and May 2005, pore space was described using 2D image analysis of pores on undisturbed soil samples in the 0–10 cm layer and in the 10–20 cm layer. The major differences were caused by soil tillage that created two heterogeneous soil layers and increased K in the 0–10 cm layer relative to NT. The effects of cover crop on K and porosity were not affected by the root type: there were no major differences between the grass cover crop (fibrous‐root type) and the leguminous ones (tap‐root type). However, we recorded larger functional pores and more tubules in the no‐till treatments with a cover crop, compared with the no‐till treatment without cover crop; this was probably the result of root activity. Although these changes generally did not result in larger values of K, they participated in the maintenance of soil structure and K over time.     

科技小院创新发展：现实需要、功能定位与运行保障机制

科技小院是现代农业发展的创新组织模式,也是推进乡村振兴的重要科技支撑。本文基于宏观和微观层面阐释科技小院产生的现实需要,结合实地调研系统分析其发展演变与功能定位,探讨其运行保障机制与取得的实践成效,提出引导科技小院高质量发展的思路与建议。研究表明,科技小院的产生顺应了微观层面农户对先进农业技术需求增加,以及宏观层面现代农业发展对农业科技进步依赖加大的现实需要,在发展过程中演绎出“自下而上”式农业科技创新、“科普志愿”式农业社会服务和“产教融合”式农业人才培养三重功能,且三重功能定位以科学技术为纽带,形成了激励相容关系。科技小院以高校科研院所为内核,各主体之间形成了不同目标导向的利益联结机制,其中正式制度施加规范约束、服务互动融入社会规范、多方支持构成物质保障,推动科技小院有效运行。科技小院创新了农业技术推广模式、促进了现代农业高质量发展、提高了农民综合素质水平、开创了农业人才培养新模式,取得了显著的综合效益。因此,未来科技小院发展应深入明确功能定位、强化制度约束、加强组织创新和推广经验典型,走错位发展、规范发展、融合发展和共享发展之路。     

动物防御素研究进展

防御素(defensin)是一族具有广谱抗微生物和细胞毒活性的多肽,是天然免疫的重要介质,属内源性抗生素肽(endogenous antibiotic peptides)家族.介绍了动物防御素的分布、结构、表达、作用机理等方面的内容.     

粘粒含量——夏季风的良好替代指标

通过对位于东亚季风区尾闾部位的沙沟剖面、东部半湿润区王官剖面、东部湿润区扣马剖面的气候代用指标的分析发现 ,黄土地层中 <5 μm的粘粒含量指标对各剖面中黄土-古土壤序列指示得比较清晰 ,可以较好地反映东亚夏季风的变化。对黄土地层中粘粒含量的测试及其环境意义分析以及与经典的东亚夏季风的替代指标———磁化率、红度指标 (a )的对比分析发现 ,粘粒含量指标的意义比较明确 ,适应范围更广 ,灵敏性也较高 ,是一比较可靠的、新的东亚夏季风的良好替代指标。     

二阶泛函微分方程周期解存在性的重合度方法

利用 Ｍａｗ ｈｉｎ 的重合度理论，研究了二阶泛函微分方程周期解的存在性，并举例说明了其应用⒚     

培两优特青产量函数模型的研究

试验采用4因子最优混合设计，设置重复。通过微机建立培两优特青的高拟合度产量函数模型，明确了高肥高产和低肥高产两条途径，并对其效益进行了分析比较。     

Amelioration of Aluminum Toxicity by Pretreatment with Phosphate in Aluminum‐Tolerant Rice Cultivar

Abstract

The phytotoxicity of aluminum (Al) in relation to preculture with phosphates was examined in the rice cultivar Arkansas fortuna. In plants precultured with phosphates, Al did not inhibit shoot growth, while Al retarded shoot growth in plants precultured without phosphates. In contrast, Al inhibited root elongation, irrespective of the presence of phosphates in the preculture solution. A large proportion of the Al in roots was in unknown, insoluble forms. In phosphate‐precultured plants, Al deposition was slightly increased, presumably due to the formation of aluminum phosphates in the roots, and phosphorus levels in shoots were markedly increased. Binding with phosphates may ameliorate the toxicity of Al when it enters the shoots and account for the uninhibited shoot growth in the presence of Al in plants precultured with phosphates.