麦红吸浆虫老熟幼虫脱颖规律研究

麦红吸浆虫老熟幼虫的脱颖率与湿度成正比,在湿处理,特别是有水滴的情况下,脱颖率最高;脱颖率与光照强弱成反比,在散射光条件下可以脱颖,黑暗条件下脱颖率最高,强光下基本不脱颖;脱颖率与温度的关系较湿度、光线为小,5～35℃脱颖率均较高,高峰区在7～20℃,最高在10℃左右。     

三倍体西瓜组培快繁研究

本文探索三倍体无籽西瓜种子消毒工作程序并培养无菌苗 ,采用顶芽诱导腋芽丛生和近轴端子叶诱导以器官型再生方式产生不定芽两种途径增殖 ,诱导培养基配方为改良MS +6 -BA2 (mg·L-1,下同 ) +NAA 0～0 1,筛选出增殖培养基配方为改良MS +6 -BA1～ 2 +IBA 0 2 ,生根培养基配方为改良MS +IBA 0 3～ 0 5。采用添加KT2～ 5和GA3 1～ 2培养导致瓶内开花现象     

Cytokinin, auxin, and abscisic acid dynamics during flower development in white and red currants infected with Blackcurrant reversion virus

Blackcurrant reversion virus (BRV) infection, characteristic by flower malformation, resulted at the early flower stage in elevated levels of bioactive cytokinins and their biosynthetic precursors in flowers of white currant ‘Blanka’ and red currant ‘Vitan’. In healthy flowers, flower-to-berry transition was accompanied by an increase in bioactive cytokinins that was not observed in infected flowers, which were incapable of further development. Auxin levels increased during flower development, in ‘Vitan’ only in flowers with normal morphology (both healthy and infected). BRV infection did not have a significant effect on cytokinin or auxin levels in the leaves of either cultivar, it coincided with a mild elevation in the content of abscisic acid in the flowers of both cultivars.     

小麦吸浆虫不同时期药剂防治效果及筛选试验

为探索适合北京市通州地区防治小麦吸浆虫的有效途径,科学指导防治工作,在通州区进行吸浆虫蛹期和成虫期不同时期药剂防治技术试验,找出适合本地区防治小麦吸浆虫的最佳药剂和最佳时期。     

超声辅助提取杏花中绿原酸工艺的优化

采用紫外可见分光光度计测定绿原酸含量,通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化超声辅助下提取杏(Prunus armeniaca)花中绿原酸的最佳工艺。结果表明,最佳提取条件是料液比1∶25(g∶m L),超声时间80 min,超声功率80 W,乙醇体积分数60%,在此条件下,杏花中绿原酸含量为4.452%。杏花中含有丰富的绿原酸,超声波辅助提取法工艺简单,操作方便,效率高。     

枇杷花疫病病原菌鉴定(英文)

    枇杷花疫病于2007年在浙江省德清县严重发生,造成枇杷花穗枯萎和死亡.为了鉴定其病原菌,从受害枇杷花穗上分离到6个病原菌菌株.依据病原菌的形态学和培养特征,该病原菌被鉴定为灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea),其有性态为富氏葡萄孢盘菌(Botryotinia fuckeliana Whetzel.).通过核糖体DNA ITS序列分析,分离菌株序列与富氏葡萄孢盘菌序列100%同源,进一步证明侵染枇杷花穗的病原菌是灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea).致病性试验结果表明,B.cinerea 能侵染枇杷花穗,可引起与自然寄主上相似的病害症状.     

Status of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and its parasitoid,Macroglenes penetrans (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), in Montana

The orange wheat blossom midge, S. mosellana (Gehin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a global pest of wheat (Tritium aestivum L.), has recently invaded Montana's Golden Triangle, an important wheat producing region. Unchecked, S. mosellana populations can quickly grow to damaging levels. In this study, we document the prevalence of S. mosellana and its main natural enemy, Macroglenes penetrans (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), in this newly invaded area of Montana, and compared the effects of irrigated versus dryland cropping systems on S. mosellana and its parasitoid. Different approaches to monitoring S. mosellana populations were examined, including pheromone traps for adults, collection of larvae from wheat heads, and overwinter sampling of soil to measure the levels of larvae and cocoons. Adults of the M. penetrans were surveyed through daily sweep net sampling. This study demonstrated that the emergence of M. penetrans was usually well synchronized with emergence of S. mosellana as the emergence of parasitoids occurred shortly after the pest with the highest peak (90%) at 26 June and 14 July, 2015, respectively. Irrespective of sampling techniques; pheromone traps or soil sampling, no significant difference was observed in population of S. mosellana between irrigated and dryland cropping systems. In contrary, cropping systems played a significant role in the abundance of parasitoids since the irrigated fields had significantly higher population of parasitoids (five times on an average) compared to dryland cropping system. The possible implications of these findings in monitoring of S. mosellane and the establishment of M. penetrans are discussed.     

Assessment of Potential Organic Pollenicides as Apple Blossom Thinners

Abstract

The potential of six products to act as pollenicides on apple pollen both in vivo and in vitro was evaluated. The six candidate pollenicides used were lime sulphur (LS) (1.15% solution), ammonium thiosulphate (ATS) (0.75% solution), Surround? WP (S) (59.2 g/L), biodiesel (BD) (5% emulsion), sodium chloride (NaCl) (8 g/L) and Horticultural-Vinegar (HV) (2% solution). It was found that ‘Golden Delicious’ blossoms that were treated with ATS, LS, S or NaCl had significantly fewer pollen grains that germinated in vivo than the treatment receiving no spray. The effect of the six candidate pollenicides was also investigated in vitro by spraying ‘McIntosh’ pollen with the candidate pollenicides and examining pollen germination, pollen tube growth length and the proportion of unviable pollen grains. All of the treatment sprays significantly reduced pollen germination compared with the control, with ATS and LS resulting in considerable reduction in pollen tube germination and HV completely hindering germination. Among those treatments that allowed some germination, only LS, ATS and BD effectively reduced the mean length that the pollen tubes grew in vitro. These laboratory results are compared with those generated in a parallel field trial to assess what stage of pollination the candidate pollenicides are targeting. Taken together these results indicate that ATS reduces pollen viability and germination on pollinated stigmas and on germination medium and is an effective blossom thinner in the field. Lime sulphur has a greater effect on pollen tube germination and growth on germination medium and is a good thinner in the field and that NaCl reduces pollen germination on pollinated stigmas and is an effective mild thinner in the field. Finally, this research suggests that while BD was an effective thinner in the field, it has less pollenicidal and greater phytotoxic effects than the Other products tested.     

贵州荔波野生梅花花期预报研究

梅花在荔波各个乡镇均有生长,主要生长在茂兰喀斯特原始森林保护区内,在此从气象角度分析,研究预报荔波野生梅花花期,找出最佳梅花观赏期,为县委政府开展梅花观赏旅游活动提供科学的决策依据。