应用长尾斯氏线虫BPS品系防治花生田蛴螬效果评价

为明确中国农业大学昆虫与线虫学实验室分离的长尾斯氏线虫（Steinernema longicaudum）BPS品系的田间侵染力,在河南通许县进行了花生田防治蛴螬效果研究。结果显示：田间施用BPS侵染期线虫6 000条/穴,可将蛴螬控制在0.33头/m2（对照40%甲基异柳磷、三安生物植物保护剂及清水的蛴螬量分别为1.33、1.00、7.67头/m2）,蛴螬减退率达95.7%。线虫处理区花生干果重为34.7 kg/60 m2,为清水对照的2.2倍,为40%甲基异柳磷和三安对照的1.3倍。上述数据表明长尾斯氏线虫 BPS品系具有显著的花生田防虫效果,具有作为生物防治制剂的开发潜力。     

Inhibitory Effect of N,N-Didesmethylgrossularine-1 on Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

N,N-Didesmethylgrossularine-1 (DDMG-1), a compound with a rare α-carboline structure, was isolated from an Indonesian ascidian Polycarpa aurata as responsible for the observed inhibitory activity against TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. DDMG-1 inhibited the mRNA level of mTNF-α, IκB-α degradation, and binding of NF-κB to the target DNA site in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, DDMG-1 had an inhibitory effect on the production of IL-8, which is produced in CD14⁺-THP-1 cells stimulated by LPS. DDMG-1 is thus a promising drug candidate lead compound for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.     

放线菌C-2、C-3、C-4发酵产物对小麦白粉病的防治效果

自2002年以来,从辽宁本溪、辽阳、葫芦岛、鞍山等地采集的土样中分离得到放线菌菌株252株.采用孢子萌发抑制法、小麦离体叶病害发酵液抑制法筛选出C-2、C-3、C-4 3株放线菌,对小麦白粉痛表现出较强的抑制能力.利用这3株菌株的发酵液进行了小麦白粉病田间防治试验.结果表明,C-2、C-3、C-4 3株菌株的发酵液对病菌孢子萌发的抑制率均在75%以上:对小麦离体叶病害的治疗作用分别为84.36%、65.1%和67.91%;田间小区试验的防治效果分别为79131%、56.9%和62.07%.     

β‐carotene attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation via inhibition of the NF‐κB,JAK2/STAT3 and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages

β‐carotene is one of the most abundant carotenoids, has potential anti‐inflammatory effect, it has been reported that β‐carotene could suppress LPS‐induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) translocation, but the more detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the anti‐inflammatory action of β‐carotene remain to be fully understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of β‐carotene on the activation of JAK2/STAT3, MAPK, and NF‐κB signaling pathway induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. Cells were treated with different concentrations of β‐carotene for 3 hr after LPS treatment for 24 hr. The mRNA expression and the release of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were evaluated by RT‐PCR and ELISA, and the level of signaling proteins of JAK2/STAT3, MAPK, and NF‐κB signaling pathway were detected by Western blot. The results showed that β‐carotene significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) LPS‐induced release of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α and their mRNA expression. LPS‐induced JAK2/STAT3, IκB/NF‐κB p65, JNK/p38 MAPK signal activation were significantly attenuated (p < 0.05) by β‐carotene in a dose‐dependent manner. In conclusion, β‐carotene could attenuate LPS‐induced inflammation via inhibition of the NF‐κB, JAK2/STAT3, and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages.     

大蒜内生菌的分离及其抑菌作用的研究

为了开发大蒜的生物防治应用，以大蒜为材料，使用不同培养基分离大蒜内生茵，研究大蒜内生茵代谢产物的抑茵效果。结果表明：从广西产大蒜中分离出28株内生茵，其中5株内生细菌的代谢产物对尖孢镰刀茵（Fusariumoxysporum）具有较好的抑茵效果，其形态与生理生化特点均不同。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒分子结构与功能研究进展

本文对传染性法氏囊病病毒的分子结构与功能的关系及致病的分子基础作了综述。ＩＢＤＶ的主要保护性抗原及抗原表位的变异位于结构蛋白ＶＰ２上。病毒多肽成熟需经二次切割，ＮＣＲ可影响病毒的转录和／或翻译，ＶＰ１－ＶＰ３复合体的形成是ＩＢＤＶ装配的重要环节。不同毒力型的ＩＢＤＶ的出现除与基因突变、重组、重排有关，还可能与ＶＰ５有关，也证实了ＮＣＲ与血清型的致病性无关。     

Dietary supplementation with biofloc promotes growth,improves immune and antioxidant status,and upregulates NF‐κB/Nrf2 signalling molecules and stress resistance in Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski

Bioflocs are rich in a variety of probiotics and bioactive compounds, which have been documented to promote growth, regulate antioxidant status and enhance the immune system. A 60‐day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects on growth, antioxidant and immune status, NF‐κB/Nrf2 signalling molecules and stress resistance in juvenile Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski fed different dietary biofloc supplementations. Four hundred fifty R. lagowskii were fed five experimental diets containing graded levels of biofloc from 0 to 160 g/kg (referred to as B0, B4, B8, B12 and B16, respectively). The results showed that biofloc supplementation markedly promoted growth performance (weight gain rate, specific growth rate); improved amylase, lipase and protease activity; and enhanced the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, lysozyme, complement C3, complement C4 and immunoglobulin M in the gill, hepatopancreas, kidney, gut and serum. The malondialdehyde content was significantly reduced with treatment B12. In addition, the levels of heat shock protein 70, heat shock protein 90, interferon‐γ and insulin‐like growth factor I were substantially increased with treatment B12 compared to those with the control treatment. Furthermore, biofloc assisted in regulating the expression of NF‐κB/Nrf2 signalling molecule genes, including NF‐κB, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐8, IL‐10, TGF‐β, Nrf2, Keap1, Maf, HO‐1, CAT, GPX, GCLC and CuZn‐SOD. Overall, our results suggest that dietary supplementation with biofloc can promote growth, improve immune and antioxidant status, and enhance NF‐κB/Nrf2 signalling molecule expression and stress resistance in juvenile R. lagowskii. A suitable supplementation level of approximately 120 g/kg biofloc is recommended in the present study.     

苹果树皮内生真菌的分离及其对腐烂病的生物防治潜力

为了明确苹果树皮中内生真菌的种类及其对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑制作用,对25年生富士苹果健康树皮中的内生真菌进行了分离和初步鉴定,并通过室内抑菌试验和田间保护作用试验测定其内生真菌对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑制作用。分离到的126株内生真菌分属于13个属,主枝中分离到的内生真菌的种类和数量较多;对峙试验中对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑菌率在40%以上的有24株,其中87.5%的菌株为链格孢属真菌。Al 6的培养滤液对腐烂病菌菌丝生长抑制作用较强,抑制率为83.76%;Al 58对其孢子萌发抑制作用较大,抑制率为82.42%;Al 67产生的挥发物质对腐烂病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用较大,为24.41%。田间试验结果显示,用拮抗性内生真菌预先占位接种苹果树枝干,能有效抑制腐烂病菌的侵入和病斑的扩展,Al 107的抑制作用最强。     

应用苹果蠹蛾线虫防治荔枝龟背天牛幼虫的研究

荔枝龟背天牛Ａｒｉｓｔｏｂｉａ ｔｅｓｔｕｄｏ（Ｖｏｅｔ）是岭南重要经济果品荔枝的重要钻蛀害虫，现用的防治手段效果欠佳。１９８８－１９９３年间，作者利用苹果蠹蛾线虫Ｓｔｅｉｎｅｒｎｅｍａ ｃａｒｐｏｃａｐｓａｅ的Ａｇｒｉｏｔｅｓ品系注射于受害枝条末端排粪孔，试验面积约２０ｈａ，防治效果达７３．３％－１００％。研究证明，应用苹果蠹蛾线虫防治龟背天牛是一种有效的新途径。