小型轴流滚筒结构及工作参数优化试验

解决动力偏低是小动力拖拉机配套联收机的关键问题,为寻求降低脱粒、分离部件功耗的途径,本研究设计了专用试验台架,用正交试验法,就脱粒滚筒的结构、工作参数优化等问题,进行了两年的室内试验。结果表明,当喂入量在0.75kg/s时,脱粒、清选全部功耗可控制在4.4kW以下。文中对根据试验结果研制的飞龙-0.75联收机的功耗、性能、田间实测情况也作了简要介绍。     

水稻中抗品种抗褐稻虱机制的研究

褐稻虱在中抗水稻品种上的刺探频率低于抗级品种。虽然褐稻虱在中抗品种上能正常取食,但同化利用率较低。中抗品种受害后,无论是植株损害系数、光合作用强度降低程度或产量损失率均显著较感虫品种的少,说明了受害后较之感虫品种具有较强的补偿能力。另外,水稻品种受害后呼吸强度均较健株的明显降低。     

城市风景林经营技术及经营效益评价研究

在搜集大量相关文献的基础上,综述了我国城市风景林经营的研究现状、经营原则及城市风景林经营技术,包括造林树种的选择、林分空间配置、抚育采伐及林分更新技术等.并构建了一种由专家打分法和问卷调查法相结合而成的城市风景林经营效益评价机制,用以监督城市风景林经营管理,评价其经营效果.     

浙江衢州地区柑橘绿霉病菌对抑霉唑和多菌灵的抗性水平及其分子机制

研究了采自浙江衢州地区,包括柯城区、衢江区和开化县12个贮藏库的70个柑橘绿霉病菌Penicillium digitatum菌株对抑霉唑和多菌灵的抗性频率、抗性水平及其抗性分子机制。结果表明:柯城区和衢江区的抑霉唑抗性菌株(最低抑制浓度MIC≥0.5 μg/mL)的比例分别为77.1%和62.5%,两地抗性菌株的平均EC50值分别为2.07±1.04 μg/mL和2.35±0.73 μg/mL,分别是当地敏感菌株EC50值的41.4和47.0倍;而采自开化县的菌株均对抑霉唑敏感(MIC≤0.1 μg/mL),平均EC50值为0.04±0.02 μg/mL。柯城区和衢江区的多菌灵抗性菌株(MIC≥10 μg/mL) 的比例分别为54.3%和54.2%,而开化县的抗性菌株比例仅为9.1%。即来自柯城和衢江两个柑橘主产区的绿霉病菌群体对抑霉唑和多菌灵的抗性频率均远高于非柑橘主产区的开化县群体,说明抗药性群体的形成与药剂使用历史有关。进一步研究发现,衢州地区柑橘绿霉病菌对抑霉唑的抗性均属于IMZ-R3型,即与抑霉唑靶标基因 CYP51B 启动子区的插入突变有关,而对多菌灵的抗性则与 β-微管蛋白基因的992位核苷酸点突变(T→A)导致对应的200位点的氨基酸突变(F→Y)有关。     

关于畜牧生产系统稳定机制的探讨

畜牧生产系统实质上是开放的人工生态系统。建立高效、整体功能良好的畜牧生产系统是现代畜牧业的主要目标。探讨畜牧生产系统的稳定机制对于畜牧业的发展具有重要的理论指导意义。畜牧生产系统的稳定机制包括内源稳定机制和外源调控机制两个方面。其中内源稳定机制由系统的整合性、多样性、替代性以及生态位均质性构成，外源调控机制主要指等衡调控机制。     

悬挂农具对电液悬挂系统拖拉机振动的影响

悬挂农具设备的拖拉机在行驶过程中的振动会加剧,有时甚至产生很大的俯仰运动。为了研究悬挂农具的存在对拖拉机振动特性的影响,该文在对拖拉机进行运动学和动力学分析的同时,首次详细分析了悬挂机构的运动及受力情况,从而建立了带有悬挂农具的大功率拖拉机整机振动数学模型;用Matlab仿真了拖拉机受到条形水泥障碍激励时的振动情况。研究表明:农具的存在使拖拉机前轮动载系数由O.26增大到0.55;空载拖拉机垂直振动频率为3 Hz,带农具的拖拉机垂直振动频率为2.5 Hz;农具的存在使得拖拉机的俯仰振动显著增加,频率为4.8 Hz;由于悬挂系统的运动与拖拉机机体振动的非线性耦合,一定条件下会表现出频率为10~15 Hz的第3振型的振动;农具的振动使得电液悬挂系统下拉杆铰接点处的力发生相应变化,其垂直分量的大小与农具质心垂直加速度之间存在较好的线性关系。仿真结果与试验结果相吻合,验证了所建数学模型的正确性。所得到的上述结论为拖拉机主动减振控制提供了理论依据。     

A quick and efficient screen for resistance to iron toxicity in lowland rice

Iron (Fe) toxicity is a major stress to rice in many lowland environments worldwide. Due to excessive uptake of Fe²⁺ by the roots and its acropetal translocation into the leaves, toxic oxygen radicals may form and damage cell structural components, thus impairing physiological processes. The typical visual symptom is the “bronzing” of the rice leaves, leading to substantial yield losses, particularly when toxicity occurs during early vegetative growth stages. The problem is best addressed through genotype improvement, i.e., tolerant cultivars. However, the time of occurrence and the severity of symptoms and yield responses vary widely among soil types, years, seasons, and genotypes. Cultivars resistant in one system may fail when transferred to another. Better targeting of varietal improvement requires selection tools improving our understanding of the resistance mechanisms and strategies of rice in the presence of excess iron. A phytotron study was conducted to develop a screen for seedling resistance to Fe toxicity based on individual plants subjected to varying levels of Fe (0–3000 mg L^–1 Fe supplied as Fe(II)SO₄), stress duration (1–5 d of exposure), vapor‐pressure deficit (VPD; 1.1 and 1.8 kPa), and seedling age (14 and 28 d). Genotypes were evaluated based on leaf‐bronzing score and tissue Fe concentrations. A clear segregation of the genotypic tolerance spectrum was obtained when scoring 28 d old seedlings after 3 d of exposure to 2000 mg L^–1 Fe in a high‐VPD environment. In most cases, leaf‐bronzing scores were highly correlated with tissue Fe concentration (visual differentiation in includer and excluder types). The combination of these two parameters also identified genotypes tolerating high levels of Fe in the tissue while showing only few leaf symptoms (tolerant includers). The screen allows selecting genotypes with low leaf‐bronzing score as resistant to Fe toxicity, and additional analyses of the tissue Fe concentration of those can identify the general adaptation strategy to be utilized in breeding programs.     

蛋白质合成抑制剂对萌发玉米超弱光子辐射的影响

为了揭示种子萌发过程中超弱光子辐射机理,分别采用蛋白质合成的转录抑制剂放线菌素D(actinomyin D,AMD)和翻译抑制剂环己亚胺酮(cycloheximide,CHM)处理萌发玉米种子,研究了玉米萌发过程中鲜质量的变化以及自发光子辐射和外界光诱导的延迟光子辐射的变化。结果表明,50μg/m L的AMD部分抑制了萌发玉米鲜质量的增长,100μg/m L的CHM完全抑制了萌发玉米鲜质量的增长,萌发玉米自发光子辐射强度的增长与种子鲜质量的增长呈现正相关(相关系数r分别为0.95492、0.93218和0.96235)。研究还发现,在玉米萌发过程中,AMD和CHM对延迟光子辐射的增长有不同的抑制作用,CHM部分抑制了延迟光子辐射的初始光子数、相干时间和积分强度的增大,AMD则使初始光子数、相干时间和积分强度不再增加。研究结果为揭示种子萌发过程中超弱光子辐射的机理及其技术开发提供参考。     

Physiological changes and defense mechanisms induced by cadmium stress in maize

Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) enter the ecosystem chiefly as the result of human activities. Nowadays the heavy‐metal pollution of the soil is causing ever greater problems, exacerbated by the fact that the heavy metals accumulated in plants may, either directly or indirectly, find their way into animals and human beings. Maize is one of the world's most important crops, ranking third after wheat and rice, so the changes induced by one of the most toxic heavy metals, Cd, in maize plants is a cause of some concern. This review discusses not only the toxic symptoms caused by Cd stress, but also the tolerance mechanisms activated in the plants. Cadmium induces a number of physiological changes, such as growth inhibition, changes in the water and ion metabolism, the inhibition of photosynthesis, changes in enzyme activities, and the formation of free radicals. The synthesis and compartmentalization of phytochelatins is induced shortly after the initiation of Cd stress, while other defense mechanisms also play an important role.     

过量表达SaSOS1水稻的幼苗鉴定及生理特性分析

为研究泌盐盐生植物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)SOS1基因的功能及抗逆机制,对过量表达Sa SOS1的T3代纯合转基因水稻株系幼苗进行了鉴定及生理特性分析。分子鉴定和表型鉴定显示,转基因株系13-4、15-6、16-1、16-2、19-4、19-6为阳性转基因株系,其中13-4、16-2株系在250 mmol/L Na Cl处理下表现出更强的耐盐性。生理特性分析表明,与野生型日本晴株系相比,转基因株系13-4、16-2植株叶片含水量较高,可溶性糖含量较高,并维持了较低的MDA含量和电导率。说明转基因株系能有效减少盐胁迫伤害,保持较好的生长状态。