芝麻基因雄性不育系的研究

通过群体改良对芝麻雄性不育原始材料进行基因重组，产生了大量优秀变异。用系内连续姊妹交，回效等手段育在敢综合农艺性状良好，不育度为９９％以上，不育株率稳定在５０％左右可供可杂交种生产应用的ｍｓ８６－１不育系。形态学研究证明，所选不育系雄蕊败育彻 底，雌蕊发育正常，具有正常的结籽能力；小孢子败育发生在四分体后的无液泡小孢子期；雄性不育性具有良好的环境稳定性。根据初步的遗传分析推测，不育性可能不是受单隐     

Inheritance of groat protein percentage in Avena sativa L. × A. Fatua L. Crosses

Summary Gene action and heritability of groat protein percentage were determined in F₁, F₂, and F₃ generations of nine crosses between three Avena sativa L. cultivars and three A. fatua L. selections. Relationships among groat protein percentage, grain yield, and 100-seed weight also were evaluated. The three A. sativa parents were Dal (high grain yield and intermediate groat protein percentage), Goodland (low grain yield and high groat protein percentage), and Stout (high grain yield and low groat protein percentage). The three A. fatua parents were chosen for the study on the basis of vigorous plant growth and high groat protein percentage. The study was conducted at Madison, Wisconsin in 1979 and 1980.There was partial dominance towards low groat protein percentage. Narrow sense heritability estimates for groat protein percentage were low in Dal and Goodland crosses and intermediate in Stout crosses. In the F₂ generation, groat protein percentage was significantly higher in shattering than in nonshattering plants in 1979, but not in 1980. There were significant, positive correlations between groat protein percentage, 100-seed weight, and grain yield in F₁ and F₂ generations, but they were not large numerically. Relationships among these traits were either negative or nonsignificant in the F₃ generation. Although our results indicated that selection for higher groat protein percentage is possible when a low protein A. sativa cultivar is used, most of our simple cross progenies from A. sativa x A. fatua crosses had weak straw and were susceptible to crown rust (Puccinia coronata Cda. var. avenae Fraser and Led.).     

磁场处理水对蔬菜种子发芽影响的初步研究

本研究采用0.025T、0.05T、0.1 T(T:特斯拉)剂量的磁场处理水对结球甘蓝、白尖叶莴苣和短叶十三萝卜的种子进行浸种处理.结果表明:不同剂量的磁场处理水浸泡蔬菜种子与对照(非磁场处理水浸泡种子)在发芽率和发芽势上存在显著的差异,其中以0.1T磁场处理水浸泡蔬菜种子的效果为最好.     

小豆种子活力的初步研究

早熟、丰产、抗逆性强的小豆新品种的选育以及大田生产中选用优质小豆种子均需要了解种子的活力水平。本研究选用3个小豆品种的新、陈种子,应用电导率法和发芽法进行种子活力测定,结果表明:小豆种子试样间在电导率、发芽势、发芽率、幼苗生长量和活力指数等方面均存在差异。不同品种间种子活力水平表现为红小豆LSH1>绿小豆>红小豆8937;同一品种的活力水平表现为新种子>陈种子;电导率值与种子活力指数呈显著负相关(r=-0.8667)。本研究认为,电导率法是测定小豆种子活力的一种简便、快速、有效的方法。     

棉子营养成分与发芽率及出苗率的关系

研究了棉子的物理性状及化学营养成分对发芽率和出苗率的影响,结果表明:发芽率与子指存在极显著的正相关(r=0.843 ),与可溶性糖含量显著相关(r=0.523 ),与其它因素的相关性均不显著。出苗率与子指存在极显著的正相关(r=0.772 ),与仁子比显著正相关(r=0.594 ),与其它成分间相关不显著。蛋白质百分含量与发芽率和出苗率均为负相关。     

Evaluation of the High-temperature Tolerance of Floral Organs in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

The development of floral organs in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is related to squares and yield formation. The germination percentage of pollen grains, the rate of anther dehiscence and the length of filaments and styles of 11 upland cotton cultivars were determined before and after high-temperature periods by pollen grain culture in vitro. We aimed to analyze the effects of high temperature on pollen germination in styles and on stamen characteristics. The number of pollen tubes in styles and cytological structure of anthers were also tested under simulation of high temperatures by paraffin sectioning of cotton anthers. We found that the germination percentage of pollen grains and rate of anthers dehiscence of Ke 1053, Simian 4 and the male parent of Xiangzamian 3 were greater than those of other cultivars under high field temperatures. There was no significant difference in the length ratio of filaments and styles and filaments length between 11 upland cotton cultivars under high field temperatures. After high-temperature periods in the field, the difference in pollen germination percentage, anther dehiscence, style and filament length between the 11 cultivars was not significant. The number of pollen tubes in Ke 1053, Simian 4 and the male parent of Xiangzamian 3 was greater than those of other cultivars under the high simulation temperature. The number of deformed pollen grains in anthers was also less than those of other cultivars. These results were consistent with the field conditions. This experiment indicated that germination percentage of pollen grains and the rate of anther dehiscence are useful as indicators for screening high-temperature tolerance. The length ratio of filaments and styles and the filaments length could be used as parameters for screening high-temperature tolerance cultivars.     

超甜玉米种子低温吸胀的生理生化变化

试验以sh2胚乳突变体(超甜玉米)为材料，以普通杂交玉米(掖单12)为对照，比较了两者于6℃，10℃和25℃条件下吸胀的生理生化变化。试验结果表明，经6℃和10℃吸胀处理的超甜玉米种子发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数显著降低，而6℃低温吸胀对掖单12玉米种子影响甚微。低温吸胀均引起两种玉米种子吸胀速率、电解质渗出速率和核苷酸     

T1 locus in cotton is the candidate gene affecting lint percentage, fiber quality and spiny bollworm (Earias spp.) resistance

A genetic linkage map of chromosome 6 was constructed by using 270 recombinant inbred lines originated from an upland cotton cross (Yumian 1 × T586) F₂ population. The genetic map included one morphological (T₁) and 18 SSR loci, covering 96.2 cM with an average distance of 5.34 cM between two markers. Based on composite interval mapping (CIM), QTL(s) affecting lint percentage, fiber length, fiber length uniformity, fiber strength and spiny bollworm resistance (Earias spp.) were identified in the t₁ locus region on chromosome 6. The allele(s) originating from T586 of QTLs controlling lint percentage increased the trait phenotypic value while the alleles originating from Yumian 1 of QTLs affecting fiber length, fiber length uniformity, fiber strength and spiny bollworm resistance increased the trait phenotypic value.     

不同化学试剂处理对茄子种子萌发的影响

用CaCl2、NaCl、KNO3、Na2B4O7及CuSO4不同浓度的试剂浸泡处理茄子种子,结果表明:各种试剂对茄种子的发芽均有明显的促进作用,其中以3.0% KNO3的效果最为显著,发芽势、发芽率均有明显提高.     

Malting quality as affected by barley breeding (1944–1998) in Argentina

Eight malting cultivars of barley released from 1944 to 1998 in Argentina were sown in two growing seasons to evaluate the effect of breeding on malting quality. An adequate grain weight and screening percentage as in the older varieties were maintained in the recent releases. The grain protein concentration decreased in the modern cultivars together with a decreased in C-and an increased in B-hordein. These results were achieved without a clear trend through the time. Malt extract was increased by 0.054% per year in the period analysed and the most important contribution in the quality improvement was the introduction of Beka (known as a high quality cultivar released in Europe) in1966. There was not a clear trend in the breeding process to obtain more stability between years in the quality attributes, at least, in the characteristics analysed in the present study. Conversely, malt extract was less variable and this tendency was observed through the years of release of the cultivars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.