鳄梨提取液在化妆品工业上应用的初步研究

研究了鳄梨(Persea americana L.)的浆果提取液在化妆品工业上的应用，结果显示：1)鳄梨提取液(1．0％～1．2％)应用于洗发香波中可增加香波的稳定性和去头屑功效，并有一定的润发和杀菌作用；2)5％的鳄梨提取液在护肤霜中具有一定的抑制暗疮、滋润保湿、去死皮以及抗衰老等性能；3)鳄梨提取液(1．0％～1．2％)在沐浴产品和香皂中的添加量虽然比其它温和表面活性剂低，但其抗刺激性效果非常优越，并具非常明显的富脂性能和滋润效果及除臭作用。     

Quantification of imidacloprid toxicity to avocado thrips, Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), using a combined bioassay and ELISA approach

A competitive ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique was evaluated for quantifying titres of imidacloprid in homogenates of leaf discs sampled from avocado plants treated with systemic applications of imidacloprid 240 g litre(-1) SC (Admire). Matrix effects were evident with undiluted leaf tissue homogenates, but these were effectively eliminated by dilution of homogenates in water. In a field trial conducted in a commercial nursery, there was an excellent correlation between imidacloprid residues within leaves and avocado thrips (Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara) mortality. However, with subsequent sampling over a 2-month period, the relationship between mortality and apparent imidacloprid concentration became less robust, suggesting that the material was being degraded within the plant to non-toxic metabolites. Nevertheless, assessments of thrips mortality on leaves that had been recently treated with imidacloprid established a lower threshold of activity for imidacloprid residues of 6 ng cm(-2) leaf. Limitations on the use of ELISA to quantify the impact of systemic insecticides on pest populations are discussed.     

桂垦3号油梨贮藏保鲜技术研究

研究了广东油梨栽培品种桂垦3号的贮藏保鲜技术,结果表明:50℃下用0.1%施保功浸泡10 min可有效控制油梨贮藏病害,处理后的油梨果实在3℃下贮藏15 d后明显遭受冷害、果肉褐变且不能正常成熟软化,11℃下贮藏发生缓慢后熟,7℃下的贮藏效果介于3℃和11℃之间;50℃热水处理(5、10、15 min)和38℃热空气处理(12、24、36 h)均能不同程度减轻油梨3℃贮藏冷害.其中以热空气处理24 h对减轻油梨果实低温贮藏冷害症状最有效,贮藏15 d后无冷害症状、果实能正常成熟.     

油梨苗期黑茎病病原菌的鉴定

正油梨(Persea americana Mill.)又名鳄梨、牛油果和樟梨等,为樟科、鳄梨属,原产中美洲,属热带、亚热带名贵果树之一~[1],具有营养价值高、风味好,其消费遍及全球,经济潜力巨大~[2]。目前关于国内外病害的报道,主要有根腐病、炭疽病~[3]、蒂腐病~[4]和褐斑病~[5]等。2017年5月,作者在海南省儋州市附近的苗圃中发现一种为害油梨苗茎基部的病害,发病率在15%～20%,严重时导致整株植物死亡。本研究对该病进行症状描述和     

油梨果实品质的差异分析与评价

为评价不同品种（系）油梨果实品质差异,以富尔特、桂研10号、GYL-1、GYL-2、GYL-3为试验材料,测定其单果重、果实横径、果实纵径、果形指数、可食率、含水量、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量、固酸比、维生素C含量和粗脂肪含量共12个品质指标,利用模糊数学隶属函数、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,客观、准确地分析油梨果实品质的差异。结果表明:①不同品种（系）油梨果实品质性状差异明显,变异系数在4.39%～40.68%之间,以粗脂肪含量的变异程度最大,含水量变异程度最小。②通过隶属函数值分析,不同油梨品种果实品质优劣依次表现为GYL-2＞富尔特＞桂研10号＞GYL-1＞GYL-4。③主成分分析表明,前4个主成分的累积贡献率达到100%,决定第1主成分的主要为可滴定酸含量、含水量、可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性固形物含量;决定第2主成分的主要为粗脂肪含量、维生素C含量、固酸比和可食率;果形指数和果实纵径对第3主成分的贡献率最大;第4主成分主要反映指标维生素C含量;根据主成分分析的综合分值,不同品种（系）排名为GYL-2＞富尔特＞桂研10号＞GYL-1＞GYL-4。④聚类分析结果显示,5个油梨品种（系）被分成3类,其中GYL-2、富尔特、桂研10号的果实品质优于GYL-1和GYL-4。综上,隶属函数法、主成分分析和聚类分析结果基本一致,即品种GYL-2果实品质最好,富尔特次之,GYL-4最差。研究结果揭示了5个油梨品种（系）果实品质的差异,建立了一套适合油梨果实品质评价的方法,为贵州油梨产业可持续发展奠定理论基础。     

Methodology of generation and characteristics of simple sequence repeat DNA markers in avocado (Persea americana M.)

Summary Generation of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) DNA markers was based on the construction of genomic DNA library of avocado (Persea americana M.). The library was screened with the four dinucleotide probes (AG), (AT), (GC) and (CA). Positive clones were sequenced to validate the presence of simple sequence repeats (SSR) and to generate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the sequences flanking the simple sequence repeat. Twenty six different pairs of primers which yield a PCR product in the initial screening were synthesized. The SSR A1E11 was found to have eleven alleles while A3F8 has eight alleles. The SSRs in avocado were found to be inherited in a Mendelian fashion.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel. No. 1335-E, 1994 series.     

Storage of avocado pollen

Summary Avocado pollen was stored at a range of temperatures and relative humidities (RH) for up to one year and the pollen was tested for viability in vivo.Pollen stored for one month was capable of germination on the stigma and penetrating the ovule when stored at 4°C with <1,23,55 and 75% r.h. and at -196°C with 0% r.h. Most pollen samples stored at 25 and -15°C at a range of r.h. would germinate on the stigma but none would penetrate the ovule.After one year of storage, pollen at 4°C and <1 and 23% r.h. would germinate on the stigma but would not penetrate the ovule. There was no germination of pollen stored at 4°C and 55 and 75% r.h. Only pollen stored at -196°C and 0% r.h. would penetrate the ovule, but thawing and refreezing once during the year destroyed the viability.     

Peroxidase activity in avocado fruit stored at chilling temperatures

No increase in peroxidase activity was observed in ‘Fuerte’ avocado fruits which showed chilling injury symptoms as a result of storage at 0 or 2°C. Peroxidase activity in the fruit declined along with fruit softening during the ripening process. It is suggested that peroxidase acitivity in avocado fruit mesocarp has no role in the development of the chilling injury disorder appearing as dark patches on the skin of the fruit.     

应用数字图像技术测定油梨叶面积

采用扫描叶片并结合Photoshop程序的数字图像处理技术测定油梨（Persea Americana Mill）叶面积,与传统的称重法和方格法进行比较。结果表明,称重法、方格法测得的叶面积与数字图像处理法测得的叶面积之间构成一元线性回归方程,相关系数r分别为0.9984、0.9992,均达到极显著相关。这说明了数字图像处理技术测定油梨叶面积是可行的。与传统2种方法比较,数字图像处理技术具有速度快、精度高、非破坏性测量等的优点,尤其适合测量残缺不全的叶片。     

油梨转录组SSR分子标记开发与种质资源亲缘关系分析

选取海南大学油梨种质资源圃的‘Fuerte’油梨花朵和小果进行转录组测序，获得18 010条序列，总长度为29 422 056 bp。利用MISA软件检索转录组测序数据，获得分布于4 687个序列中的6 312个SSR位点。经统计发现，SSR在所检测的序列中出现的频率为35.05%。分析SSR位点特征显示，所有类型的SSR平均长度为18.90 bp，SSR之间的平均距离为4.66 kb。‘Fuerte’油梨转录组中SSR序列以二核苷酸、三核苷酸重复类型为主，两者占SSR总数的87.15%。二、三、四核苷酸重复类型中优势基元分别为AG/CT、AAG/CTT、AAAT/ATTT。利用Primer 3.0对SSR序列设计引物13 398对。以32份油梨种质资源为研究对象，对随机挑选的100对SSR引物进行有效性验证，并用于对这些油梨种质进行亲缘关系分析。发现其中40对引物具良好多态性，共扩增出219条谱带，其中171条为多态性谱带。经计算，平均每对引物产生4.275个多态性片段。He和PIC均值分别为0.529和0.456。UPGMA聚类和PCA分析结果较一致，在系数设定为0.74时可将32份油梨种质分为4大类，与地理分布有一定的关系。