盐胁迫对冬小麦花后抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质的影响

探究小麦花后遭遇盐胁迫下,小麦抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质的变化。本试验以‘青麦6号’、‘济麦22’为材料,以普通土壤为对照,设置2‰、4‰2个NaCl浓度盐胁迫梯度。利用土壤水分用时域水分测定仪(TDR)严格控制0~40 cm土层灌水量,获取冬小麦花后0、7、14、21、28天的小麦旗叶,测定旗叶中超氧化物酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量的变化。结果表明,随盐浓度及胁迫时间的增加,叶片SOD活性、POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量不同程度的减小;MDA含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量不同程度地升高。‘青麦6号’具有较好的抗盐性,游离脯氨酸含量与小麦耐盐性呈正相关关系,SOD、POD、MDA能够作为作物抗逆性的衡量标准。     

饲料抗氧化剂及其应用

当今畜牧业高速发展,饲料抗氧化剂的应用已愈趋广泛。文章通过对抗氧化剂的定义及作用机理、种类、应用及展望进行综述,为饲料抗氧化剂在饲料生产中的进一步研究提供理论参考。     

兰州百合连作土壤水浸液自毒作用研究

【目的】探讨兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor salisb)连作土壤水浸液对自身幼苗生长的障碍因素及其作用机制。【方法】设置蒸馏水(CK)及正茬、连作2年、连作4年兰州百合根际土壤水浸液各50,100,200,300 mg/mL,共13个处理,以兰州百合种球为受试对象,测定不同条件下兰州百合幼苗生长、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质及细胞膜透性的变化,并利用GC-MS技术分析各处理土壤中存在的主要自毒物质。【结果】正茬、连作2年及连作4年兰州百合根际土壤水浸液对兰州百合幼苗的生长均存在"低促高抑"现象,且抑制作用随连作年限的延长而增强。随水浸液质量浓度的增加,兰州百合幼苗CAT和SOD活性逐渐升高,POD活性先上升后下降,MDA含量、相对电导率、脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量的变化呈不断上升趋势,当水浸液质量浓度上升至300 mg/mL时,3个处理中各指标的上升或下降程度与对照相比均达显著差异水平(P0.05)。兰州百合正茬、连作2年及连作4年根际土壤中分别鉴定出9,15和17种化合物,主要包括2,3-丁二醇、1,2,3-三甲苯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、对苯二甲酸二辛酯、抗氧剂2246等化合物,其中大部分为自毒物质。【结论】兰州百合正茬、连作2年及连作4年根际土壤水浸液质量浓度达到300 mg/mL时,对其幼苗的生长会产生显著抑制作用。连作土壤中存在的自毒物质可以改变兰州百合植株体内的抗氧化酶活性,破坏细胞膜结构和功能,抑制兰州百合植株的生长,是导致兰州百合连作障碍发生的重要原因之一。     

Dietary clinoptilolite influences antioxidant capability and oxidative status of broilers

Natural clinoptilolite has been shown to have positive effects as an antioxidant, which means it traps free radicals in its complex structure, inactivating and eliminating them. Synthetic or modified clinoptilolite delays lipid peroxidation with water-soluble peroxyl radicals, and reduces the catalytic production of radicals to protect the organism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural clinoptilolite and modified clinoptilolite on the antioxidant status of broilers. The antioxidant capability of natural clinoptilolite or modified clinoptilolite is exerted, at least in part, by increasing glutathione content in liver and intestinal mucosa, the superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity in serum, liver, and intestinal mucosa. In addition, to enhance broiler performance, there is a reduction of the concentration of malondialdehyde in serum, liver, and intestinal mucosa.     

草菇子实体提取物的抗氧化活性

为考察草菇(Volvariella volvacea)子实体提取物(VBS)的抗氧化活性,测定了对两种自由基的清除率及其总还原力,结果表明:对羟自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率以及总还原力均与VBS的浓度存在正相关的量效关系,IC50值分别为1.40、0.67、0.63mg/mL。以ICR雄性小鼠为研究对象,灌胃给药12d,再用CCl4花生油溶液灌胃,8h后分别测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)的活力及丙二醛(MDA)的含量,各项指标在血清中的结果表明,VBS中剂量组(200 mg/kg)的抗氧化活性较好,而在肝脏中则表明VBS高剂量组(400mg/kg)的抗氧化活性较好。     

脱水对万寿竹种子发芽及部分抗逆生理指标的影响

[目的]探究万寿竹种子脱水过程中,发芽及部分抗逆生理指标的变化情况,为万寿竹种子贮藏及采收提供理论依据.[方法]利用室温硅胶干燥法获得45.90％、40.50％、38.07％、33.08％、27.26％、16.67％、14.63％7个含水量梯度的种子,以未干燥的种子(49.12％)为空白对照,分别测定各个含水量梯度种子的生活力、发芽率、电导率、CAT、SOD、POD、AsA-POD活性、MDA、可溶性蛋白质含量.[结果]种子含水量保持在33.08％以上时,能保持较高的生活力、发芽率,当含水量下降到33.08％以下时,种子发芽率和生活力开始显著下降.[结论]万寿竹种子不耐脱水,属于顽拗性种子,贮藏时含水量应保持在33.08％以上.     

Relationship between Polyamines and Other Cold‐induced Response Mechanisms in Different Cereal Species

To find a connection between polyamines and various protective effectors involved in the development of cold tolerance, eight different cereal genotypes, including wheat, barley and oat species, were investigated during the acclimation phase to low temperature. Exposure to low temperature induced different changes in the levels of polyamines, and other signalling molecules, such as salicylic acid and abscisic acid, and of other protective compounds, namely flavonols, sugars and antioxidant enzyme activity, and in the lipid composition of certain membrane factions. The most remarkable differences were observed in the oat varieties compared to the other cereal genotypes, which was manifested in the lack of spermidine accumulation and of decrease in trans‐Δ³‐hexadecanoic acid content, in lower initial and not cold‐inducible abscisic acid content and guaiacol peroxidase activity after cold treatment. Correlation analysis revealed that spermidine shows strong positive relationship with flavonols, abscisic acid and ascorbate peroxidase, while was in negative relationship with trans‐Δ³‐hexadecanoic acid. These results suggest that spermidine may have a crucial role in the cold acclimation signalling processes in cereals.     

Effects of cerium on the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flower

To study the role of cerium (Ce) in regulating the vase life of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flowers, the effects of cerium nitrate (Ce(NO₃)₃) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the petals, and the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces were investigated. The results showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and evidently decreased the contents of MDA and H₂O₂ in the petals, compared with the control. Moreover, Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces. The results also showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the numbers of open flowers and decreased the numbers of wilted flowers. Our results suggest that Ce(NO₃)₃ extended the vase life of R. chinensis Jacq. cut flower by improving the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces.     

桃PpSnRK1α在番茄中过表达对营养胁迫下植株生长的影响

以番茄(Solanum lycopericum)超表达桃SnRK1(蔗糖非发酵蛋白激酶–1)基因PpSnRK1α的株系及野生型为试材,研究在养分供应不足时SnRK1对植株生长的影响。结果表明,低营养条件下,转基因番茄叶片和根系中的Sn RK1酶活性比野生型高41.55%和39.46%;功能叶片的净光合速率平均比野生型高18.98%;低营养胁迫12 d的叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性比野生型高35.56%、28.85%和14.90%;根系活力比野生型高26.39%;茎和叶中氮磷含量显著高于野生型,钾含量两者差别不大,在根系中氮磷含量差别不大,而钾含量显著高于野生型,且氮素向地上部茎和叶中的分配比率增加。上述结果说明,在营养缺乏条件下,超表达PpSnRK1α可以提高番茄功能叶净光合速率,促进植株对氮素的吸收利用,从而延缓叶片衰老。     

毛泡桐皮黄酮提取物抗氧化作用研究

以毛泡桐皮为原料,通过乙醇提取,大孔吸附树脂纯化,分别得到毛泡桐皮黄酮的粗提物和纯化物。利用油脂酸败法,测定油脂的过氧化值(POV)和诱导期(IP),计算抗氧化系数(PF)。根据抗氧化系数的大小,确定毛泡桐皮黄酮提取物抗氧化能力的大小。试验结果表明:在相同浓度下,毛泡桐皮黄酮提取物抗氧化能力的大小为:毛泡桐皮黄酮纯化物>粗提物>原粉;并且随着浓度的增加抗氧化能力逐渐增大,其存在着剂量效应关系;0.1%毛泡桐皮黄酮纯化物的抗氧化系数大于2,具有较强的抗氧化能力;0.1%毛泡桐皮黄酮纯化物的抗氧化能力与0.02%BHT的抗氧化能力相当,0.06%毛泡桐皮黄酮纯化物的抗氧化能力与0.05%维生素C的抗氧化能力相当。