Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Italian ryegrass silage

Twenty-three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from three cultivars (Akiaoba, Nagahahikari and Tachiwase) of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage were precisely characterized by a combination of phenotypic tests, genotypic 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and rapid PCR-based analyses, focusing on their useful phenotypes for silage preparation as inoculants. We successfully identified both at the species and subspecies levels: phenotypically novel Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, Lactobacillus sakei subsp. carnosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum and Pediococcus parvulus. This is the first report to elucidate the presence of Lactobacillus coryniformis ssp. torquens and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum in Italian ryegrass silages. Physiological and biochemical tests revealed that phenotypic characteristics are different among the different strains of the same species and subspecies, and that the isolates show unique and diverse phenotypes related to fermentation factors, such as available carbohydrates, optimal growth pH and temperature. These results suggest that, for various well-preserved silage preparations, the isolates may be useful in producing novel inoculants corresponding to their optimally climatic and ecological niches.     

植物病原细菌hrp基因研究现状和展望

从ｈｒｐ（过敏性反应和致病性）基因簇，ＤＮＡ序列的同源性，基因表达调控与ａｖｒ基因（无毒基因）的关系和基因的功能等几个方面较为详细地综述了植物病原细菌ｈｒｐ基因的研究现状，并分析了ｈｒｐ基因研究的未来趋势。     

Naturally occurring bacteraemia in American lobsters, Homarus americanus Milne-Edwards, in Long Island Sound

The health status of the American lobster, Homarus americanus Milne-Edwards, in Long Island Sound (LIS) has been in decline, with seasonal mortality events occurring since 1998. In order to assess the potential effects of environmental conditions on lobster health via haemolymph analysis, lobsters collected from various sites in LIS were examined and sampled while concurrent environmental data (water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen) were recorded. The pH of the haemolymph of each lobster was tested, followed by a collection of haemolymph for serum biochemistry analysis and bacterial culture. This report focuses on the results of the bacterial sampling. The majority of bacteria cultured were opportunistic pathogens commonly found in the environment, including some that are associated with sewage and pollution. The prevalence of bacteraemia was correlated with the site of collection, the month in which the lobsters were sampled, and water temperature.     

抗奶牛乳房炎高免卵黄抗体的研制

奶牛乳房炎是影响奶牛的三大主要疾病之一,临床上将本病分为临床型及隐性型。本试验将2种临床类型中4种病原菌按比例配制成复合菌苗,对60只390日龄的健康蛋鸡进行免疫接种,提取卵黄制成抗奶牛乳房炎卵黄抗体。并进行了初步临床应用试验,结果显示高免卵黄抗体对奶牛乳房炎的治疗有较好的效果。     

水生环境中细菌与微藻的相互关系及其实际应用

概括了细菌和微藻之间的相互关系及其作用机理,阐述了细菌抑制有害微藻、微藻抑制病原细菌、细菌与微藻协同净化水质的研究进展,并针对水产养殖的实际,提出菌-藻关系研究及开发应用的一些思路。     

一种治疗奶牛阴道炎症微生态制剂的临床药效学研究

为检验约氏乳杆菌SQ0048菌株所制备的微生态制剂对临床型奶牛阴道炎症的治疗作用,将其应用于患有阴道炎的病牛体内,利用临床兽医学方法观察给药前后患牛的临床症状,采用变性梯度凝胶电泳法检测给药前后患牛阴道内的微生物菌群种属,使用酶联免疫吸附技术检测给药前后患牛血清内细胞因子分泌量。结果显示,此微生态制剂不仅可以缓解临床奶牛阴道炎性症状,提高发情率及受胎率,还可以减少或杀灭阴道内的利氏卟啉单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌、化脓隐秘杆菌及链球菌等,增加约氏乳杆菌SQ0048菌株及谷氨酸棒状杆菌的数量,改善阴道微生态环境,维持阴道的微生态平衡;同时给药后患牛血清中IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-α、TNF-α分泌量显著低于给药前,而IL-10分泌量则显著高于给药前,具有一定抑制炎症的生物学功能。     

智能化纳米释药系统用于细菌感染治疗的研究进展

细菌耐药性的相关研究已成为多学科交叉研究的热点,纳米技术因其独特的物化性质在药物递送系统(drug delivery systems,DDSs)的应用中具有可以改善药物的药代动力学和药效学特性,为应对全球细菌抗生素耐药性问题提供了一种新的策略。作为药物载体,理想的纳米粒子必须具有较高的载药量,将药物运送到特定的病理部位和(或)靶细胞,同时不发生药物泄漏,并且在作用部位迅速释放药物。为此,人们积极寻求各种"智能"纳米释药系统,这种纳米释药系统可以对内部或外部刺激(如pH、氧化还原、温度、磁和光等)进行响应,从而实现对药物的可控释放。本文围绕pH、温度、光照以及酶和其他内源或外源因子刺激响应的智能化抗菌药物递送系统领域的最新研究进展进行了评述。     

深圳填海区植物根际土壤耐盐菌株筛选与鉴定

【目的】耐盐菌在盐渍土壤中分布广泛,研究其分布特征可为下一步盐渍土改良和降低植物盐害工作提供有益参考。【方法】从深圳坝光和宝安填海区灌木根际采集10个土壤样品,利用不同浓度的NaCl培养基分离耐盐菌种,并通过电镜形态观察和基因组DNA扩增测序对其进行鉴定。【结果】从灌木根际土壤中分离出66株根际菌株,其中14株具有强耐盐能力,可在10%～14% NaCl浓度下生长。电镜结果和16S rDNA序列分析表明,深圳坝光和宝安填海区土壤耐盐菌种类丰富且形态差异明显,14株细菌中有13株来自芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),1株来自溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)。此外,对其中3株耐盐菌的碳源利用能力分析结果表明,3株菌具有不同的碳源利用能力,NY12可利用的碳源种类最多。【结论】首次对灌木根际耐盐菌株进行分离鉴定,共分离出14株强耐盐菌株,其形态和碳源利用能力差异显著。     

增产菌对复种燕麦产草量影响的试验

采用拌种、喷洒和拌种+喷洒3种方法,对临夏县北塬灌区麦后复种燕麦草增产效果进行了初步研究。结果 表明,增产菌对麦后复种燕麦的增产效果极显著(p<0.01),最佳拌种量300 g/hm2,最佳喷洒量300 g/hm2,最佳处 理组合为300 g/hm2拌种+300 g/hm2喷洒。     

不同加工处理中草药对鳗鲡主要致病菌的抗菌效果

采用琼脂稀释法，测定了3种不同加工处理后的大黄（Pheum officinale B.）、黄连（Coptis chinensis F.）、黄芩（Scutellaria baicalensis G．）、五倍子（Rhus chinensis M．）、连翘（Forsyrhia suspense V．）、知母（Anemarrhena asphodeloides B．）等6种中草药对16株鳗鲡致病菌的MIC和MBC．结果表明：6种中草药通过不同的加工处理，其抑菌效果存在显著差异．6种中草药通过两种粉碎方法处理后的抑菌效果明显好于水煎煮法，而且药物粉碎颗粒的大小与药物抑菌效果也有一定的关系．