电子束处理对番茄种子萌发和M1代植株生长发育的影响

采用日本引进的ESS-010-03型电子直线加速器辐照装置处理番茄品种‘1479’种子,对其萌发和M1代植株生长进行观测,通过室内发芽试验和田间栽培统计种子发芽、出苗和植株生长发育情况。结果表明,电子加速器处理种子后对番茄种子萌发和M1代植株生长发育产生显著影响。达到400 Gy的电子束处理显著降低了种子的萌发水平和幼苗的存活率。辐照组植株生长缓慢,株高和茎粗显著低于对照组;电子加速器处理显著增加了幼苗的侧枝数、侧根数和生物量的积累,降低了根冠比;且对番茄生殖生长产生显著影响,增加了花的败育和畸形果的数量。     

侵染狄斯瓦螨后西方蜜蜂的致畸等级划分

为明确狄斯瓦螨侵袭西方蜜蜂蜂群后工蜂出现的畸形等级和形态差异,参照1988年Ruttner提出的形态测定标准,测定了蜂螨侵袭后采集蜂巢内正常蜂、畸形蜂、爬行蜂的喙、翅、足、背、腹等躯干的形态特征值,划分西方蜜蜂的致畸等级。结果表明:畸形蜂的腿长(8.188±0.122)mm、蜡镜面积2.451 mm²、翅脉指数Ci(-0.501)小于其他3种蜂,畸形蜂的经济性能消失;爬行蜂的蜡镜面积3.072 mm²、第六腹板宽指数(93.686)最大,而背腿比(56.759)最小,从形态结构上来说,背部与腿部的比例失调可能造成了工蜂爬行;按累积贡献率>85%原则确定了蜂螨对工蜂致畸性的8个主要成分;聚类分析显示,爬行蜂在形态上不能与正常工蜂区分开,因素分析显示畸形蜂划分为3个等级:A型趋近正常工蜂;B型中度残缺,表现为翅膀残缺;C型重度残缺,翅膀、腹、腿完全畸形。蜂螨入侵后翅膀与腹部首先发生变化,表明这个部位具较强的脆弱性,出现不同程度的畸形可能是蜜蜂抗蜂螨的一种抗逆适应性的表现。     

Prenatal Diagnosis of Megacystitis and Hydronephrosis in an Equine Fetus: How Transabdominal Ultrasonography Can Help to Diagnose Fetal Abnormalities

Premature udder development constitutes an alarm signal in pregnant mares. The objective of this clinical case report is to highlight the importance of transabdominal ultrasound examination of the fetus in these cases and to report a unique case of prenatal diagnosis of obstructive uropathy based on the observation of severe fetal hydronephrosis and megacystitis in utero. A 4-year-old French chaser primiparous mare was referred for evaluation of premature udder development during the ninth month of pregnancy. The mare had clinical signs within normal limits, a developed and sensitive udder with secretions, and no vulvar discharge. Transrectal examination revealed the presence of an immobile fetus. Combined uteroplacental thickness was within normal limits. Transabdominal ultrasound revealed a single live fetus in posterior presentation with several abdominal abnormalities. Unilateral hydronephrosis and megacystitis lead to a hypothetical diagnosis of fetal multiple urinary tract malformation with outflow obstruction. Treatment was discontinued and the mare was monitored. Abortion occurred spontaneously a week later. Postmortem examination revealed a ruptured bladder of abnormally large dimensions and a severely distended left kidney without parenchyma (filled with free urine) and lack of permeability in the left ureter and urethra. Postmortem diagnosis was consistent with our prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis. Even though described during human pregnancy with various etiologies and severity, prenatal diagnosis of fetal hydronephrosis and megacystitis has not been reported in equine veterinary medicine before. These malformations need to be characterized more precisely in the future. This case highlights the importance of transabdominal ultrasonography to detect equine fetal abnormalities.     

Multimodality characterization of a noncommunicating congenital duodenal duplication cyst causing pyloric outflow obstruction in a young dog

A 10‐month‐old German Shepherd Dog presented for evaluation of intermittent vomiting. Abdominal radiographs revealed a marked right cranial mass effect. Initial differentials included abscess/cyst or less likely neoplasia from undetermined origin. On abdominal ultrasound the mass appeared cystic and thin walled. Computed tomography revealed a large cystic lesion originating from the pyloroduodenal junction causing pyloric outflow obstruction. A noncommunicating duodenal duplication cyst was found on exploratory laparotomy and further confirmed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Enteric duplication cyst should be considered as a differential in young dogs with gastrointestinal signs and a cystic abdominal mass detected with different imaging modalities.     

Congenital occipitoatlantoaxial malformation in a Warmblood mare

A 3-year-old Warmblood mare was presented with spinal ataxia of 3 months’ duration. Clinically, reduced mobility of the neck and a prominent atlas were identified. Neurological evaluation revealed hypermetria, circumduction and reduced proprioception, predominantly in the hindlimbs. Occipitoatlantoaxial malformation (OAAM) was diagnosed based on radiography and computed tomography, and confirmed on post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging and pathological examination. Both the atlas and axis were hypoplastic and dysplastic, and a fusion of the atlanto-occipital joint was found. A dynamic compression of the spinal cord was present at the first and second cervical vertebrae. Histologically, the spinal cord was degenerated due to compression. Furthermore, there were muscular malformations including a fibrotic obliquus capitis cranialis muscle, aplasia of parts of the rectus capitis muscles and presence of additional abnormal muscle. Such muscular abnormalities associated with OAAM have not been reported yet and this is the first report of a case of OAAM in a Warmblood horse.     

速肿消注射液毒性研究

为评价速肿消注射液的安全性 ,进行了改良 Karber氏的 LD50 检测、递增剂量的集蓄性检测、骨髓微核检测和精子畸形检测 ,使用小鼠做为实验动物。结果显示此药剂的 LD50 为994.72 mg/ kg,集蓄系数在 5.3以上 ,未出现药物耐受性现象 ;在各自的投药动物及其对照动物之间 ,骨髓微核检测的 PCE微核系数和 PCE/NCE,以及精子畸形检测结果都未出现差异。     

Management of mango malformation disease based on a novel strategy of timing of fungicide applications combined with sanitation

Mango malformation disease (MMD) caused by Fusarium mangiferae severely affects the crop and is widely distributed in almost all mango-growing regions worldwide. Since malformed inflorescences do not bear fruit, MMD is a major constraint to crop production in affected areas. No effective management methods have been reported to date. The airborne nature of dissemination and infection of buds suggest that protection of buds from infection when inoculum prevails may be a plausible method for disease control from season to season. Various fungicides were assessed for their ability to control the pathogen under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. Prochloraz was the most effective fungicide in inhibiting F. mangiferae in vitro with a 0.01 μg mL⁻¹ concentration required for 50% fungal growth inhibition. In greenhouse trials, protective and curative activity exceeding 90% was achieved when the fungicide was applied up to 14 days prior or post inoculation. Field experiments conducted over a number of seasons in different regions in Israel indicate that combined sanitation with timely applications of prochloraz resulted in a significant reduction in MMD disease severity and incidence, as well as a significant increase in yield in treated plots. It is assumed that long-term treatment by removal of infected panicles (the main source of inoculum) combined with timely sprays will result in disease reduction annually achieving negligible levels of malformation in treated orchards, in time.     

Porencephaly in dogs and cats: magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical signs

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of brain lesions in 5 dogs and 2 cats characterized by extensive cystic changes of the cerebral hemispheres in terms of a porencephaly are presented. Age at diagnosis ranged from 12 weeks to 7 years. MRI findings were confined to the forebrain. Porencephalic lesions appeared as wedge-shaped parenchymal defects connecting the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space or as large cystic defects in the cerebral hemispheres. Although in two adult dogs the porencephalic lesions were asymptomatic, the other animals showed clinical symptoms depending on the affected cerebral area. Three animals had seizures. Interestingly, four animals showed neurological signs normally not localized to the forebrain (nystagmus, hypermetria, ataxia). Whether these clinical signs are related to impaired function of the cerebral cortex or to not recognizable lesions in the cerebello-vestibular system could not be further clarified. Although the defects develop intrauterine or postnatal, the clinical symptoms can occur later in life. The definition of porencephaly as well as its subclassification is not uniform in veterinary medicine. We suggest the term encephaloclastic porencephaly unregarding the underlying cause of the defect, which cannot be further specified by diagnostic imaging.