UASB工艺处理高浓度Vc生产废水的试验研究

采用UASB反应器对高浓度Vc生产废水进行了实验室处理研究。试验结果表明:Vc废水的厌氧处理运行性能因水质不同而存在很大差异。转化母液的容积负荷在8kg COD.m-3d-1以下时,去除率基本稳定在65%以上。当负荷继续提高时,去除率会急剧下降并保持在50%左右。精制母液和提取母液的容积负荷在10kgCOD.m-3d-1时去除率仍能稳定在70%以上。这些表明当两套反应系统的容积负荷控制在一定范围时,UASB反应器可以有效去除大部分的有机污染物。同时也说明转化母液废水中存在相当数量的难生物降解化合物。GC/MS水质分析结果表明,其中含有大量10C以上的长直链或双苯环等结构的难生物降解物。系统中厌氧颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性随着反应器中污泥驯化的进行和负荷的增加而上升。     

生活污水厌氧消化出水后处理技术研究进展

本文综述了生活污水厌氧消化系统相关后处理技术的技术特点和研究进展,着重分析了好氧处理、稳定塘处理及土地处理三种后处理技术方法,简要介绍了户用一体化装置的研究及应用状况。     

上流式厌氧污泥床处理豆制品废水启动研究

用上流式厌氧污泥床（ＵＡＳＢ）处理豆制品废水，以阐明这种消化器启动的效果。研究结果表明，产气率，ＣＯＤ去除率和甲烷含量分别为３．０Ｌ／（Ｌ．ｄ），９３％，５８．４％。从第２６天至４６天的运转期间，ＵＡＳＢ平均ＣＯＤ负荷率、产气率，ＣＯＤ去除率，甲烷含量分别为５．２ｇＣＯＤ／（Ｌ．ｄ），３．５Ｌ／（Ｌ．ｄ），９０％，５９．４％。出水乙酸，丙酸浓度分别为１１１ｍｇ／Ｌ，９８ｍｇ／Ｌ，丁酸浓度不可测出。     

沈阳北部污水处理厂污泥土地利用可行性研究

采用污泥田间小区试验及污泥渗漏试验的方法,开展了沈阳北部污水处理厂污泥土地利用可行性研究.结果表明,沈阳北部污水处理厂污泥中N、P、K养分含量丰富,污泥中的Cd元素是污泥土地利用的主要限制因素.通过污泥土地利用限制因素法,确定了沈阳北部污水处理厂污泥总施用量为45 t·hm^-2.污泥渗漏、田间试验结果表明,只要污泥总施用量控制在45 t·hm^-2,NO3-N不会对地下水构成污染危害,土壤中的重金属含量也不会超过二级土壤环境质量标准,污泥可安全地进行土地利用.     

Agronomic Traits of Corn Fertilized with Sewage Sludge

Although research on the environmental impacts of using waste as a fertilizer is of great importance, the basic principle for using a product as fertilizer is that it should provide nutrients for plants without causing any harm to them. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic traits (number of nodes, plant height, leaf number, yield, and protein content of grains) and the nutritional status of corn treated with sewage sludge. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Jaboticabal in a Red Latosol. A randomized block design with four treatments (0, 55, 110, and 167.5 Mg ha^?1 of sewage sludge) and five repetitions was used. At 30 days after emergence (DAE), the dose of 110 Mg ha^?1 dry weight presented greater values for plant height, leaf number and stem diameter. At 60 DAE, the treatments did not affect the agronomic traits. No influence from the treatments tested was observed for protein content of grains and yield. The dose of 167.5 Mg ha^?1 showed greater weight of 100 seeds. All treatments showed nutritional imbalances. This study confirmed the agricultural potential of sewage sludge as a source of nutrients.     

微生物菌剂对兰州城市生活污泥堆肥效果的影响

以兰州市城市生活鲜污泥和40%干污泥为原料，以玉米秸秆为辅料，添加金宝贝生物发酵剂和阿姆斯生物发酵剂进行堆肥，研究微生物菌剂对堆肥过程中温度、含水率、NH₄₊ N、NO₃^- N和全N的影响。结果表明，除鲜污泥（D 1，CK）处理外，其他各处理堆体温度保持在50 ℃以上均超过7 d，达到堆肥卫生标准，加入微生物菌剂使堆体提前5 d达到50 ℃；其他各处理经过20 d堆置含水率降至45%以下，达到园林绿化使用标准；加入微生物菌剂使堆体全N损失增加0.56%~4.47%，并促进NH₄₊ N的生成和NO₃^- N的积累。     

The use of dialysis cells for investigating pore water composition in wetland substrata,with particular reference to dissolved iron and sulphide

Abstract

Details and some evaluation are given of the use of a dialysis method for sampling pore water from depth in wetland substrata (peats), with particular reference to measurement of concentrations of ion species with stabilities dependent on redox potential. The method is based upon the burial and subsequent retrieval (after equilibration) of cells made from dialysis membrane filled with deionized water. Preliminary results of field investigations of concentrations of dissolved iron and sulphide in the pore water of base‐rich mires, as sampled by this method, are given. Results suggest that the method could have very considerable application and that its potential, and possible problems, deserve further examination.     

Bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract in 34 horses

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between the bacteriology and aspects of history, clinical presentation, outcome and pathology of lower respiratory tract disease of 34 horses. PROCEDURE: Detailed aerobic and anaerobic bacteriological investigations were performed on clinical specimens from horses with pneumonia, lung abscessation and necrotic pneumonia with or without pleurisy in an attempt to identify those bacteria that might contribute to the initiation and progression of infection. RESULTS: Bacteria were cultured from 33 of the 34 horses. In ten cases, only aerobic/facultatively anaerobic isolates were cultured while aerobic/facultatively anaerobic bacteria and obligately anaerobic bacteria were isolated in the other 23 cases. Moderate to large numbers of anaerobic bacteria were isolated only when the estimated duration of illness was at least five days. Bacteria were not cultured from 12 of the pleural fluid samples but were always cultured from pulmonary samples (either transtracheal aspirates from live horses or pulmonary lesions at necropsy). Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus was isolated in the three cases where only one bacterial species was cultured. In the other 30 cases, multiple species were isolated. These included most often and in greatest numbers, Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus, Pasteurellaceae, Escherichia coli, anaerobic cocci, Eubacterium fossor, Bacteroides tectum, Prevotella heparinolytica, Fusobacterium spp, and pigmented members of the genera Prevotella and Porphyromonas. Aerobic/facultatively anaerobic organisms were isolated from 97% of horses, while obligately anaerobic organisms were cultured from 68% of horses. CONCLUSION: There was no association between the isolation of any specific bacterium and the outcome of disease. However, obligately anaerobic bacteria (such as anaerobic cocci, Bacteroides tectum, P heparinolytica and Fusobacterium spp) and the facultatively anaerobic species Escherichia coli, were recovered more commonly from horses that died or were euthanased than from those that survived. There was an association between failure of horses to recover from pleuropneumonia and delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatment.     

驱除瘤胃真菌对绵羊瘤胃内纤维物质降解的影响

选取3只体况良好,带有永久性瘤胃瘘管的蒙古羊与小尾寒羊的杂交一代公羊,运用尼龙袋法研究全部驱除瘤胃真菌对绵羊瘤胃内稻草纤维物质降解的影响.结果表明：全部驱除瘤胃厌氧真菌后,改变了瘤胃内纤维物质的降解动力学参数,显著降低了瘤胃内稻草DM、NDF、ADF的降解速率（P＜0.05）,显著提高了三者的消化延滞时间（P＜0.05）,显著降低了稻草NDF、ADF的降解率,而DM的降解率有所降低,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）.说明瘤胃真菌在纤维物质降解中发挥了重要的作用.     

Differential ability of alcohol fermentation between the seeds of flooding-tolerant and flooding-susceptible varieties of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.

Seed germination and respiratory metabolism under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were studied in the flooding-tolerant and flooding-susceptible varieties of Echinochloa crus-galli with an identical genome and common ancestry . In the flooding-tolerant E. crus-galli var. formosensis , the seeds imbibed under nitrogen could germinate and exhibited an I/N quotient > 0.6. They accelerated glycolysis and concomitantly produced large and equimolar quantities of carbon dioxide and ethanol, suggesting that the seeds of this variety showed operation of the Pasteur effect and respired through alcohol fermentation under anaerobic conditions. The seeds excreted most of the toxic fermentation product. In contrast, the seeds of the flooding-susceptible E. crus-galli var. praticola were capable of germinating only under aerobic conditions through the conventional aerobic respiration and were unable to anaerobically respire to germinate through alcohol fermentation regardless of the presence of both sufficient alcohol dehydrogenase activity and a high redox charge of the pyridine nucleotides.