无菌条件下野蔷薇种子快速催芽的研究

野蔷薇种子休眠深,发芽极不整齐,给育苗带来很大麻烦。以野蔷薇的3个无刺品系No.3、No.4、No.11和野蔷薇变种荷花蔷薇为试材,研究在无菌条件下,冷藏时间、GA3浓度和不同基质对野蔷薇种子发芽的影响,探索快速得到无菌实生苗的条件。结果表明:(1)影响野蔷薇种子萌发最主要的因素是冷藏时间;(2)3个无刺品系种子在冷藏10～15d、GA30.05～0.1mg/L处理时发芽率均在90%～100%,而荷花蔷薇种子在冷藏15d、GA30.05mg/L处理时最高发芽率为73%;(3)选用沙子作基质比蛭石更适合种子发芽。     

东北梅花鹿茸不同部位水解氨基酸含量的比较分析

对 10支东北梅花鹿茸作了不同部位水解氨基酸含量的比较分析 ,结果表明 ,水解氨基酸含量在东北梅花鹿茸腊片、粉片、血片和骨片各部位之间差异极显著 (P <0 0 1)。     

硼浓度对毛木耳菌丝生长的影响试验

试验通过不同浓度的Na2B4O7在改变PDA培养基及棉子壳一木屑培养基的试验,测定了其对毛木耳菌丝生长的影响。结果表明:在200mg／kg浓度下促进作用最为显著,而其浓度超过400 mg／kg时对菌丝有强烈的抑制作用。     

催干剂对氨基环氧树脂阴极电泳漆的影响

以氨基环氧树脂为基体树脂，Co^2 ,Pb^2 盐为催干剂合成了阴极电泳漆，并对膜性能进行考察，结果表明，所合成的阴极电泳涂料在PH值为6－7、电泳时间2min的条件下。加入不同的催干剂，在不同的烘干温度下，得到性能不同的漆膜。经过膝膜综合性能试验，结果表明，加入钴和铅复合催化剂，在160℃左右烘干20min，可得到完全固化，硬度较高、耐潮、耐盐、耐酸碱性较好的漆膜。     

Differences in Wheat Cultivar Response to N Supply. I: Differences in Grain Yield Formation

Two-year field trials with winter wheat cultivars Batis and Toronto were conducted in Southern Bavaria, Germany, to investigate the possible causes of cultivar differences in response to N supply varying in total amount and time of application. Cultivar-related differences in grain yields were observed in treatments with low and medium N supply. High doses of N supply resulted in grain yield adjustment or grain yield advantage for cv. Toronto. The results of this study revealed a consistent, genotypic pattern in response to N fertilization in spite of strong seasonal effects. Systematic modifications in canopy growth rates in response to N supply were of particular relevance and a main factor for differences in tillering intensity resulting in modified stand densities. In the present study, cultivar differences in spike development and interactions with N supply related more to abortion than to initiation processes for number of spikelets and number of flowers per spikelet. High grain density (grains per m²) of cv. Toronto was evident during reproduction stages even under conditions of medium N supply. However, decreased growth rates during the later part of grain filling in combination with low 1000 grain weight, which was barely modified by N fertilization, allowed only partial utilization of this potential. It is assumed that sink limitations were of particular relevance for grain yield development in cv. Toronto, while cv. Batis combined a less intense response to N supply with more stability in the development of grain yield components.     

低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对早期断奶仔猪腹泻和生产性能的影响

本研究选用１８头２８±１日龄断奶的杂交仔猪（平均体重约５．５ｋｇ），研究低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对早期断奶仔猪腹泻和生产性能的影响。试验结果显示：（１）低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮使仔猪血浆挥发性盐基氨含量、血浆尿素氨含量和腹泻指数降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１）。（２）采食全植物蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮（ＣＰ１８．３％）的仔猪，其平均日增重（ＡＤＧ）、平均日采食量（ＡＤＦＩ）和料肉比（Ｐ／Ｇ）与采食复合蛋白型对照饲粮（ＣＰ１９．７％）的仔猪差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），但前者的增重成本比后者降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）３１％。（３）采食复合蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮（ＣＰ１８．４％）的仔猪的生产性能优于采食复合蛋白型对照饲粮（ＣＰ１９．７％）的仔猪，前者的ＡＤＧ和ＡＤＦＩ分别提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）６１％和３２％，Ｆ／Ｇ和增重成本分别下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）２４％和３７％。（４）采食全植物蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮的仔猪，其ＡＤＧ和ＡＤＦＩ低于（Ｐ＜０．０１）采食复合蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮的仔猪。前者的Ｆ／Ｇ和增重成本趋于高于后者，但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。以上结果表明，低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮可显著降低仔猪断奶后腹泻和提高仔猪生产性能。复合蛋白型?     

离子选择电极法测定NBPG与银、镉、汞的配合物组成和稳定常数

本文用离子选择电极法测定了N,N—二甲基膦酸基甘氨酸(NBPG)与银、镉、汞的配合物组成和稳定常数。结果表明,NBPG与Ag~ 、Cd~(2 )、Hg~(2 )均生成组成为1:1的多齿质子型配合物。其lgK_稳值分别为:AgL5.28、CdH_3L3.63、CdH_2L5.16、CdHL7.30、CdL11.56、HgH_3L6.06、HgH_2L7.55、HgHL8.24、HgL12.58。     

赖氨酸修饰对梯棱羊肚菌黑色素结构和理化特性的影响

为了进一步提高梯棱羊肚菌黑色素的提取率及溶解性,本试验采用单因素、Plackett-Burman试验、响应面试验对纤维素酶-超声波协同提取梯棱羊肚菌黑色素的提取工艺进行优化研究。通过赖氨酸修饰,并对修饰前后的梯棱羊肚菌黑色素进行结构表征、理化性质及稳定性研究。结果表明,在NaOH浓度为1.54 mol/L,纤维素酶添加量为20 mg/g,纤维素酶酶解时间为78.6 min,料液比为1:30,酶解温度为40 ℃,超声时间为80 min条件下提取的梯棱羊肚菌黑色素最优。未修饰的梯棱羊肚菌黑色素不溶于水,色价值为480.24,修饰后的黑色素溶解度为1 016 g/L,色价值为1 771.18,比未修饰的黑色素在溶解性、色价值方面均有所提高。此外,在不同的温度、光照、pH条件下,修饰前后的梯棱羊肚菌黑色素均比较稳定。以上研究结果为梯棱羊肚菌黑色素的高效提取及其产品的开发利用奠定了理论基础。     

Acquired resistance triggered by elicitins in tobacco and other plants

Elicitins are a family of proteins excreted byPhytophthora spp. They exhibit high sequence homology but large net charge differences. They induce necrosis in tobacco plants which then become resistant to the tobacco pathogenPhytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae. In stem-treated plants, resistance was not restricted to the site of elicitin application, but could be demonstrated by petiole inoculation at all levels on the stem. Resistance was already maximum after two days and lasted for at least two weeks. It was effective not only towardsP. p. var.nicotianae infection, but also against the unrelated pathogenSclerotinia sclerotiorum. In contrast to dichloroisonicotinic acid, an artificial inducer of systemic acquired resistance, which was increasingly effective with doses ranging from 0.25 to 5mole per plant, the basic elicitin cryptogein exhibited a threshold effect, inducing near total resistance and extensive leaf necrosis above 0.1 nmole per plant. Between 1 and 5 nmole, acidic elicitins (capsicein and parasiticein) protected tobacco plants with hardly any necrotic symptom. Elicitins exhibited similar effects in various tobacco cultivars andNicotiana species, although with quantitative differences, but induced neither necrosis nor protection in other SolanaceÆ (tomato, petunia and pepper). Among 24 additional species tested belonging to 18 botanical families, only some BrassicaceÆ, noticeably rape, exhibited symptoms in response to elicitins, in a cultivar-specific manner. Elicitins appear to be natural specific triggers for systemic acquired resistance and provide a tool for unraveling the mechanisms leading to its establishment.Abbreviations AR acquired resistance - HR hypersensitive response - INA 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid - Ppn Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae - SAR systemic acquired resistance