鸡胚蛋重比作为评价传染性支气管炎病毒致侏儒化指标的研究

在鸡胚上接种鸡传染性支气管病毒（M41、H120、HN99株）后6 d内,每天称量胚体和各自种蛋的重量,计算胚体/种蛋重量的比值（EE值）。EE值与未接种病毒的对照组鸡胚相比,计算出最小感染量,EE指数通过接种过IBV的鸡胚EE值和对照组EE值相比计算出来。结果表明,在接种M41株和HN99株后第4天EE值与对照组差异显著,在接种H120株后第5天EE值与对照组差异显著,可初步判定是被传染性支气管炎病毒感染,这种方法可更快更有效的观察胚体损伤程度,尤其适用于需经传代才能看到矮小化现象的野毒株。     

An investigation of carbohydrate and protein degradation ratios,nitrogen to energy synchronization and hourly effective rumen digestion of barley: effect of variety and growth year

The objective of this study was to investigate rumen available soluble, insoluble and total protein (CP), estimated structural (SC) and non‐structural carbohydrate (starch: ST), degradation characteristic ratios and hourly effective degradation of six barley varieties during three consecutive growth years (2003, 2004, 2005). The magnitude of the differences was determined between the varieties and growth years. Measured degradation kinetics included soluble fraction (S), undegradable fraction (U), lag time (T₀) and rate of degradation (K_d) of the insoluble but degradable fraction (D). Rumen available soluble, insoluble, and total N, SC and ST and the rumen degradation characteristic ratios were determined using the Tamminga rumen degradation ratio system. Characteristics of the hourly effective degradation between N and carbohydrate (CHO) among the six barley varieties for 3 years were also studied. The degradation ratios included were total rumen available N and carbohydrate ratio (FN/FCHO), rumen available soluble N and carbohydrate ratio (SN/SCHO), and rumen available insoluble N and carbohydrate ratio (EN/ECHO). Results show that both the barley variety and growth year had a significant effect on degradation kinetics (S, D, U, T₀ and/or K_d). Differences in the ratio of FN/FCHO among varieties ranged from 16.6 to 19.0 g/kg (p < 0.01). There was no difference in SN/SCHO (p > 0.05) with an average of 4.9 g/kg. The difference in the EN/ECHO ratio tended to be significant among the varieties (p = 0.069) ranging from 18.4 to 21.3 g/kg. Differences in the hourly effective degradation between N and CHO were relatively small at shorter incubation times (2–4 h) However, as the length of rumen incubation increased (12–24 h), much larger differences in the rate of effective hourly degradation were observed. In conclusion, both barley variety and growth year had significant effects on rumen degradation kinetics. The mean FN/FCHO ratio of 17.2 (16.6–19.0) was observed for the six barley varieties in this experiment. All barley varieties exhibited a less optimal rumen fermentation ratio (17.2 < optimum: FN/FCHO = 25 to 33 g N per kg CHO). The large differences in the degradation kinetics, characteristics ratios and hourly effective degradation among barley varieties and growth years may help to explain some of the large variations that are seen in cattle performance.     

杂交野猪适宜日粮磷水平与钙磷比例的研究

选用纯种野公猪与杜洛克母猪的杂交后代含50%野猪血缘的42日龄杂交野猪36头,随机分成9组,试验为双因子3水平(3×3)析因安排分组,完全随机区组设计,每个因子3个水平,共9个处理。结果显示,不同磷水平与钙磷比例对各处理组的平均日耗料量、平均日增重、料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。不同钙磷比例水平下对血清钙的影响差异极显著(P<0.01),日粮磷和钙磷比例互作效应对血清钙影响差异极显著(P<0.01)。不同日粮钙磷比例对血清磷水平差异显著(P<0.05),日粮磷和钙磷比例互作效应对血清磷影响显著(P<0.05);0.4%的日粮磷水平与0.6%的磷水平对血清AKP活性影响差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

不同催情药物对提高母豪猪繁殖性能的影响

为探讨添加不同催情药物对豪猪产仔数、平均初生重等繁殖性能的影响。选取2岁左右、胎次及产仔数相近的母豪猪100头,随机分为5组,每组20头,分别饲喂5种不同的日粮：对照组为基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组为基础日粮＋催情散;试验Ⅱ组为基础目粮＋中草药制剂;试验Ⅲ组为基础日粮＋“牲命1号”;试验Ⅳ组为基础日粮＋胎盘,进行3个月的饲养试验,并跟踪记录受配母豪猪数、产仔母豪猪数、产仔数、平均初生重等繁殖情况。结果表明：在基础日粮中添加中草药制剂对提高豪猪繁殖率优于在日粮中添加催情散、“牲命1号”、胎盘,效果最佳。     

分离Y精子在茸鹿性别控制中的应用研究

为研究一种新的茸鹿繁殖方法,2007～2008年对469头马鹿,79头梅花鹿进行性别控制技术研究。结果表明：性别控制冻精情期受胎率马鹿为87．21％,梅花鹿为60．76％,两者之间差异极显著（P〈0．01）,性比率（指产公仔率）马鹿为90．95％,梅花鹿为93．75％,两者之间无显著差异（P〉0．05）;性别控制冻精与普通冻精输精比较,马鹿情期受胎率之间、性比率之间和梅花鹿性比率之间都存在极显著差异（P〈0．01）,梅花鹿情期受胎率之间则无显著差异（P〉0．05）。普通冻精受胎率马鹿为94．89％、梅花鹿为61．63％,性比率马鹿为50．22％、梅花鹿为49．06％,性别控制冻精受胎率整体接近普通冻精,性比率则提高40％以上,比较分析认为对茸鹿X、Y精子分离进行性别控制试验是成功的。     

抗菌肽饲料添加剂对小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响

对试验小鼠饲喂1‰和3‰抗菌肽饲料添加剂,鸡红细胞吞噬试验检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,研究抗菌肽饲料添加剂对小鼠免疫功能的影响.结果表明,抗菌肽饲料添加剂可以显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数,增强小鼠非特异性免疫功能.     

氮肥品种和用量对水稻产量和镉吸收的影响研究

采用盆栽试验,研究了Cd污染土壤上,不同氮肥品种和用量对水稻产量和Cd吸收的影响。结果表明,与磷钾配施的4个氮肥处理中,施用尿素处理水稻产量最高,其次为施(NH4)2SO4和NH4Cl处理,施NH4NO3处理水稻产量最低。与施(NH4)2SO4、NH4NO3和尿素处理相比,施NH4Cl处理可显著增加水稻对Cd的吸收,并促进Cd由秸秆向籽粒的转移;而其他3种氮肥对水稻秸秆和籽粒中Cd含量的影响效应相当。适量尿素[0.2g(N)·kg-1]处理能显著降低水稻籽粒Cd含量,而不施尿素和高量尿素处理都显著提高了水稻籽粒中的Cd含量。研究表明,在Cd污染的水稻土上,采用抗Cd污染的水稻品种和优化肥、水管理措施,可使稻米中Cd含量低于国家无公害大米的限量指标。     

早籼稻品种遗传改良进程中群体质量的演变特征

以1934～2006年育成,在我国南方广泛种植的16个代表性早籼稻品种为材料,参照生产实践及品种演变阶段,按育成时间将供试品种划分为高秆品种、矮秆品种、矮抗品种、优超品种4种类型,采用常规栽培方法研究其群体质量的演变特征。结果表明,早籼稻品种改良进程中,花后群体光合生产能力增强,干物质积累增加,齐穗期总颖花量增加,高效叶面积率与颖花根流量略有下降,有效叶面积率与成穗率变化不大,单茎茎鞘重呈先下降后略有上升的趋势。早籼稻群体进一步改良的有效途径是增强根系活力,促进根系水分与矿物质的吸收及根系物质向籽粒的转运;提高高效叶面积率,增加花后光合产物积累和总颖花量,进而提高粒叶比,达到源库协调。     

连续亏缺灌溉与根系分区灌溉对苹果幼树根系生长的影响

利用传统盆栽方法,于2007年5～10月在山东省烟台市农业科学院果树研究所实验果园进行了常规灌溉[Conventional irrigation,CI,在树盘两侧按100%的蒸发量(直径为120mm的蒸发皿测定)进行灌溉]、根系分区灌溉(Partial root-zonei rrigation,PRI,灌溉水量为CI的50%,树盘两侧交替灌溉)和连续亏缺灌溉(Continuous deficit imigation,CDI,灌溉水量为CI的50%,树盘两侧均匀灌溉)试验,研究了3种灌溉模式对2龄苹果幼树(品种为"长富2号")根系生长的影响。结果表明:PRI处理的根长比CI和CDI处理长,CDI处理最短;PRI处理显著促进了直径2mm的吸收根的生长,但吸收根对增加总根干物质量贡献不显著。3种灌溉处理的苹果幼树根系生物量积累近似"S"形曲线。由于PRI处理的土壤含水量适宜,土壤通气性较好,其根系活力、生长速度和最终根干物质量都明显大于其他处理;CI处理土壤水分过于充足,根系生长出现避水性,因而根系生长相对缓慢,根系活力下降,根生物量介于CDI和PRI之间;CDI处理因土壤持续干旱,根系活力和根干物质量最小。3种灌溉处理的根冠比随灌溉时间的增加呈下降趋势,CI的下降幅度大于CDI和PRI,PRI的根冠比最大(处理90d时以CDI处理的根冠比最大),CI的根冠比最小,CDI介于二者之间。说明在供水量减少50%的情况下,PRI灌水方式可促进苹果幼树根系的生长,而持续湿润或干燥均不利于根系的生长。     

不同松树上松墨天牛和花绒坚甲种群及白僵菌自然寄生率动态

对两年纯林和混交林中诱木进行解剖研究.结果表明,不管是纯林还是混交林,松墨天牛种群数量为黑松＞马尾松＞湿地松;林分对松墨天牛种群影响不显著.松墨天牛天敌花绒坚甲数量,纯林中马尾松＞黑松＞湿地松;混交林中黑松＞马尾松＞湿地松.不管是纯林还是混交林,松墨天牛的白僵菌自然寄生率都极低,为0%～4.35%,且不同林分不同树种松墨天牛的白僵菌自然寄生率之间差异不显著.