L-肉碱对眼点拟微绿球藻种群增长及生化组成的影响

【目的】探究L-肉碱对眼点拟微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)种群增长及生化组成的影响,为L-肉碱对眼点拟微绿球藻营养调控作用和调控机理研究提供参考。【方法】分别采用不同质量浓度(0(对照组),5,50,100 mg/L)的L-肉碱强化培养眼点拟微绿球藻6 d,每组3个重复。每天检测眼点拟微绿球的种群密度,试验结束时收集样品并检测眼点拟微绿球的生化组成。【结果】5 mg/L L-肉碱组眼点拟微绿球的种群密度显著高于其他组(P0.05)。5和50 mg/L L-肉碱组眼点拟微绿球藻总糖含量无显著差异,但均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而显著低于100 mg/L L-肉碱组(P0.05)。5 mg/L L-肉碱组眼点拟微绿球藻的总脂含量显著低于其他3组(P0.05),而其他3组间无显著差异,但以100 mg/L L-肉碱组最高。5 mg/L L-肉碱组眼点拟微绿球藻的可溶性蛋白含量最高,显著高于其他3组(P0.05)。5 mg/L L-肉碱组眼点拟微绿球藻的叶绿素a含量最高,虽与对照组无显著差异(P0.05),但均显著高于50和100 mg/L L-肉碱组(P0.05),而50 mg/L L-肉碱组显著高于100 mg/L L-肉碱组(P0.05)。5和50 mg/L L-肉碱组眼点拟微绿球藻的∑SFA含量显著低于对照组和100 mg/L L-肉碱组(P0.05)。5 mg/L L-肉碱组眼点拟微绿球藻的∑MUFA含量显著高于其他3组(P0.05),其他3组间无显著差异(P0.05)。5和50 mg/L L-肉碱组眼点拟微绿球藻的∑PUFA、∑EPA+DHA和∑n-3含量均显著高于对照组和100 mg/L L-肉碱组(P0.05)。5和100 mg/L L-肉碱组眼点拟微绿球藻的∑n-6含量显著低于对照组和50 mg/L L-肉碱组(P0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下,添加5 mg/L L-肉碱能显著促进眼点拟微绿球藻的种群增长,提高其可溶性蛋白和总糖含量,并能显著改善其脂肪酸组成。     

外施苹果酸对紫色小白菜生长、生理与品质的影响

【目的】探究外施苹果酸对紫色小白菜生长、生理与品质的影响,筛选最适的外施苹果酸质量浓度,为紫色小白菜的优质培育以及高产栽培奠定理论基础。【方法】以‘京研'紫色小白菜为试验材料,采用水培技术,设置外施苹果酸0 mg/L(对照,CK)、0.5 mg/L(T1)、1.5 mg/L(T2)、3.0 mg/L(T3)、5.0 mg/L(T4)、10.0 mg/L(T5)共6个处理,研究不同质量浓度外施苹果酸对紫色小白菜叶片和根系形态学指标、根系显微结构及相关品质指标的影响。【结果】(1)随苹果酸质量浓度的增大,紫色小白菜叶片和根系形态指标均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,其中T1、T2处理显著优于对照,叶片表面积、体积较大,且可促进植株根系增长、面积增大、侧根增粗,而T5处理因苹果酸质量浓度过高阻碍了根系伸展。(2)根系显微结构观察发现,T1、T2、T3处理紫色小白菜新生侧根根尖1 cm处直径均显著高于对照,维管束和木质部区域直径增大,有助于运输更多的营养物质和水分。T5处理根系皮层细胞层数较少,细胞体积较大且排列疏松。(3)紫色小白菜叶片可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量随处理时间延长逐渐增高,随苹果酸质量浓度的增大呈先上升后下降的趋势,以T2处理最优。紫色小白菜叶片可溶性糖和总有机酸含量9 d时整体下降,且随苹果酸质量浓度的增大呈先上升后下降趋势,T1、T2处理显著高于对照。(4)苹果酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸和酒石酸含量随苹果酸质量浓度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,而柠檬酸含量呈先下降后上升的趋势。T1、T2、T3处理苹果酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸含量较高,对照、T4、T5处理柠檬酸含量较高。【结论】外施苹果酸能够影响紫色小白菜的生长及生理状况,施用适宜质量浓度(1.5 mg/L)的苹果酸可有效促进紫色小白菜地上部和根系生长,提高苹果酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸含量,提升植株营养品质。     

5‐Aminolevulinic Acid Activates Antioxidative Defence System and Seedling Growth in Brassica napus L. under Water‐Deficit Stress

The present study assesses the effects of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA, 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg l^?1) on the growth of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. ZS758) seedlings under water‐deficit stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000, 0 and ?0.3 MPa). Water‐deficit stress imposed negative effects on seedling growth by reducing shoot biomass, cotyledon water potential, chlorophyll content and non‐enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione and ascorbic acid) levels. On the other hand, water‐deficit stress enhanced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enzymatic antioxidants activities, reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) and reduced/oxidized ascorbic acid (ASA/DHA) ratio in seedlings. Application of ALA at lower dosages (0.1 and 1 mg l^?1) improved shoot weight and chlorophyll contents, and decreased MDA in rape seedlings, whereas moderately higher dosage of ALA (10 mg l^?1) hampered the growth. The study also indicated that 1 mg l^?1 ALA improved chlorophyll content, but reduced MDA content and ROS production significantly under water‐deficit stress. Lower dosages of ALA (0.1 and 1 mg l^?1) also enhanced GSH/GSSG and ASA/DHA as compared to the seedlings under water‐deficit stress. The antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase) enhanced their activities remarkably with 1 mg l^?1 ALA treatment under water‐deficit stress. It was also revealed that 1 mg l^?1 ALA treatment alone induced the expression of APX, CAT and GR substantially and under water‐deficit stress conditions ALA treatment could induce the expression of POD, CAT and GR to a certain degree. These results indicated that 0.1–1 mg l^?1 ALA could enhance the water‐deficit stress tolerance of oilseed seedlings through improving the biomass accumulation, maintaining a relative high ratio of GSH/GSSG and ASA/DHA, enhancing the activities of the specific antioxidant enzymes and inducing the expression of the specific antioxidant enzyme genes.     

卷烟材料参数对细支卷烟主流烟气氢氰酸释放量的影响

为研究细支卷烟主流烟气氢氰酸释放量受不同卷烟材料参数,即卷烟纸透气度(X_1)、接装纸透气度(X_2)、成型纸透气度(X_3)和滤嘴丝束规格(X_4)的影响,运用均匀设计实验制备了不同材料组合的实验卷烟样品,采用二次多项式逐步回归法,建立细支卷烟主流烟气氢氰酸释放量与不同材料参数的数学模型,再对模型进行主效应分析、单因素效应分析、边际效应分析,并进一步开展参数优化和实验验证,明确了以上4种卷烟材料参数对细支卷烟主流烟气中氢氰酸释放量的影响.结果表明:①4种卷烟材料对氢氰酸释放量影响的大小顺序依次为X_2X_4X_1X_3;②接装纸透气度X_2、卷烟纸透气度X_1和滤嘴丝束规格X_4的交互与细支卷烟主流烟气氢氰酸释放量呈负相关,接装纸透气度X_2的平方、成型纸透气度X_3和滤嘴丝束X_4的交互作用与细支卷烟主流烟气氢氰酸释放量呈正相关;③细支卷烟主流烟气氢氰酸释放量较低的材料参数组合为卷烟纸透气度为100 CU、接装纸透气度为800 CU、成型纸透气度为6 000 CU、滤嘴丝束规格为6.0 Y/17000;④与实验组的最低值相比,氢氰酸释放量降低了40.31%.     

Effect Of Replacing Fish Meal With Blood Meal On Chemical Composition Of Supplement For Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus)

The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect on the nutrient content of replacing fish meal (FM) with blood meal (BM) in fish supplement. Three isonitrogenous diets (35% crude protein) were formulated using FM as the main source of animal protein (BM0); 50% replacement of FM with blood meal (BM50); or 100% replacement of FM with BM (BM100). The chemical composition (ash, crude protein, crude fat and crude fibre) and amino acid composition were determined. Replacement of FM with BM did not affect the proximate composition of the diet apart from ash content which decreased with the level of substitution. Substituting fish meal with blood meal reduced the levels of methionine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, proline, valine and increased the levels of arginine, phenylanine and alanine in the diet. Amino acid indices revealed that BM0 had more amino acids with the highest chemical scores followed by BM50 and BM100. In all the diets, methionine was the most limiting amino acid. The essential amino acid index of the diets reduced with the level of replacement of FM (0.94, 0.88 and 0.77). The study showed substitution of up to 50% FM with BM gave a useful protein diet and 100% gave almost a poor protein diet.     

Glycine max and Glycine soja are capable of cold acclimation

Soybean has been considered a cold intolerant species; based largely upon seed germination and soil emergent evaluations. This study reports a distinct acquisition of cold tolerance, in seedlings, following short acclimation periods. Diversity in cold responses was assessed in eight cultivars of Glycine max and six accessions of G. soja. All varieties of soybean significantly increased in freezing tolerance following acclimation. This study indicates soybean seedlings are indeed capable of sensing cold and acquiring cold tolerance. Germination rates after cold imbibition were negatively correlated with maturity group, but positively correlated with cold acclimation potential in G. soja. Seed fatty acid composition was varied between the species, with Glycine soja accessions containing about 2‐times more linolenic acid (18:3) than G. max. Furthermore, high levels of linoleic acid (18:2) in seeds were positively correlated with germination rates following cold imbibition in G. soja only. We suggest that domestication has not impacted the overall ability of soybean to cold acclimate at the seedling stage and that there is little variation within the domesticated species for ability to cold acclimate. Thus, this brief comparative study reduces the enthusiasm for the “wild” species as an additional source of genetic diversity for cold tolerance.     

不同腐殖酸含量基质对烟苗品质的影响

为探索腐殖酸应用于烟草漂浮育苗的前景,改进烟草漂浮育苗基质提升烟苗品质,以‘K326’为材料,研究不同腐殖酸含量对烟苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:(1)基质中添加腐殖酸能影响烟苗的生长发育,主要包括烟苗的茎高、生物量及根冠比,且腐殖酸促进烟苗生长的作用随着基质中腐殖酸含量的增加呈现先促进后抑制的作用。(2)基质中添加腐殖酸对烟苗的还苗期时间影响较小,但能显著影响烟苗的移栽成活率,以30%的腐殖酸含量下烟苗的还苗期最短,且移栽后的成活率最高。(3)基质中添加腐殖酸能一定程度影响烟苗的叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶活性、转化酶活性及根系活力的大小,且以腐殖酸含量为30%的处理烟苗生理特性各指标较适宜。综合来看,育苗基质中添加腐殖酸能影响烟苗的品质,适宜的腐殖酸含量能显著提高烟苗的整体品质,基质中最适宜的腐殖酸含量为30%。     

土壤中根皮苷和根皮素对桃幼苗的影响

以一年生桃嫁接苗为试材,在盆栽条件下研究了苹果园土壤中特征酚酸类物质——根皮苷和根皮素对桃苗生物量、根系活力、根系保护性酶活性和MDA含量的影响。结果表明,根皮苷对桃幼苗的伤害显著,与对照相比,鲜质量、干质量分别降低了16.66%和21.58%,根系活力降低了33.04%,SOD、POD活性分别降低了40.80%和31.10%,MDA含量提高了116.34%。根皮素对桃苗的影响不大。高锰酸钾处理明显缓解了根皮苷对桃苗的伤害,苹果园土壤中的根皮苷含量降低了57.80%,提高了桃苗的生物量、根系活力和保护性酶活性,降低了MDA含量。综上,老龄苹果园土壤实测含量的根皮苷(0.343mg·kg~(-1))可降低桃苗的生物量,适量的高锰酸钾能缓解根皮苷的伤害作用。     

氯化铯催化氢氧化钾促进二烷基二硒醚的合成

针对氢氧化钠作用下水合肼还原硒形成Na2Se2 与磺酸酯反应制备二烷基二硒醚需要在高温(100 ℃)下才能有效进行,且仅适用于制备不含官能团的二烷基二硒醚的问题.由于铯离子体积大, 与阴离子之间的静电作用弱, 使与之键合的阴离子表现出强的碱性和亲核性，利用铯碱作缩合剂，能显著降低反应的活化能, 使许多反应在温和条件下就能有效进行.根据离子交换原理，采用氯化铯和TBAI作催化剂, 以无水DMF作溶剂, 4A分子筛作吸水剂, 氢氧化钾促进肼还原硒, 随后与含官能团的卤代烃或磺酸酯反应, 高收率地形成对应的二烷基二硒醚.本方法不仅可以合成含官能团的二硒醚，而且具有反应条件温和、产率高等优点.     

哺乳动物Acot2基因的研究进展

酰基辅酶A硫酯酶2(Acot2)是酰基辅酶A硫酯酶(Acots)家族成员之一,其将酰基辅酶A(CoA)水解成游离脂肪酸和CoA,具有维持细胞水平的游离脂肪酸和酰基CoA(游离脂肪酸的活化形式)的潜力,在脂质代谢中发挥重要作用。本文对Acot2基因的定位、结构特征、生理功能及其调控进行综述,以期对Acot2基因的进一步探究提供参考。