神经肽Y对犊牛肝细胞PC mRNA丰度及其活性的影响

取单层培养72 h生长良好的犊牛肝细胞,采用单因素重复试验,分别添加0、50、100、200、500、1000 pg/ml的羊体外合成神经肽Y（neuropeptide Y,NPY）,每个处理3个重复（每重复2孔）,再培养12 h后分别提取RNA和制备细胞上清液。应用荧光定量PCR方法检测外源NPY 对肝细胞糖异生关键酶丙酮酸羧化酶（pyruvate carboxylase,PC）基因表达的影响,同时用比色法检测其对肝细胞PC活性的影响。结果表明,一定浓度的NPY显著促进了肝细胞PC mRNA表达,增强了PC活性。     

玉米ppc基因过表达对转基因水稻光合速率的影响

通过转基因技术将外源ppc基因导入水稻以期增加产量是国内外的重要研究领域。然而,关于ppc基因过表达能否提高转基因水稻的光合速率至今尚无定论。本研究将玉米ppc基因导入水稻中花8号,获得大量转基因水稻植株。经PCR筛选、PEPC活性测定、Southern和Western杂交分析,表明玉米ppc基因已经整合到受体水稻基因组中,并得到了正确和高效的表达。测定了温室内种植的T₁代6个PEPC活性不同的转基因水稻植株的光合速率,只有活性最高的株系的光合速率显著增加,增加的幅度为27.3%。在旱作栽培条件下测定了T₃代33个转基因株系的光合速率,结果表明在高温、高光强下,绝大多数转基因水稻的光合速率增加,最大提高了68.8%。比较6个转基因株系的T₁和T₃代看到,逆境胁迫条件下转基因水稻光合速率明显提高。以上结果表明水稻中导入ppc基因可以提高其光合速率,特别是逆境条件下的光合速率。     

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase—a Graminicide Target Site

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyses the first committed step in fatty acid (and acyl lipid) formation. The enzyme has been shown to exert a high degree of flux control for lipid biosynthesis in leaves and, therefore, it is not surprising that chemicals which can inhibit it effectively are successful herbicides. These chemicals belong mainly to the cyclohexanedione and aryloxyphenoxypropionate classes and are graminicides. The reason for the selectivity of these herbicides towards grasses lies in the nature of the target site, acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Recent advances in our knowledge of acetyl-CoA carboxylases from sensitive and resistant plants has revealed some important facts. Dicotyledons, which are resistant, have a multi-enzyme complex type of carboxylase in their chloroplasts while grasses have a multifunctional protein. Both divisions of plants have two isoforms of the enzyme, the second being in the cytosol. Detailed study of multifunctional forms of acetyl-CoA carboxylases, which have different sensitivities to herbicides, suggests that herbicide resistance is correlated with cooperativity of herbicide binding to the native dimeric form of the carboxylase. © 1997 SCI.     

Morphological and physiological studies on densely branched lateral roots triggered by localized phosphate in Sesbania cannabina

Densely branched lateral roots (DBLRs) in Sesbania cannabina are formed in response to patchily distributed phosphorus (P) in volcanic soils. Little attention has been paid to morphological and physiological responses of DBLRs. Here, we investigated the relation between plant growth and DBLR development, enzymatic activities involved in P acquisition, and the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which contribute to P uptake, to clarify the function of DBLRs. We investigated DBLR development induced by localized application of P fertilizer and we compared the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) and acid phosphatase (APase) between DBLRs and non‐DBLRs. Additionally, plants were grown with or without AMF to investigate the effect of AMF colonization on the numbers of DBLRs and plant P uptake, and we compared AMF colonization between DBLRs and non‐DBLR roots. Secondary to quaternary lateral DBLRs were produced after the primary lateral roots passed near P fertilizer. P_i content per DBLR increased as DBLRs developed, promoting higher shoot growth. Under P deficiency, PEPCase and APase activities increased in non‐DBLR, but were significantly lower in DBLRs in the same plants. AMF inoculation changed the root system architecture by significantly decreasing the number of DBLRs, and AMF colonization was lower in DBLRs than in non‐DBLRs. Our results indicate that DBLR formation is a P‐coacquisition strategy of S. cannabina grown in P‐deficient andosolic soil. Roots that form DBLR are clearly different from non‐DBLR roots in morphological and biochemical response and AMF symbiosis.     

MAPKs and acetyl-CoA are associated with Curvularia lunata pathogenicity and toxin production in maize

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play an important role in extracellular signal transduction and are involved in the pathogenicity of fungal pathogens to host plants. In Curvularia lunata, the roles of two MAPK genes, Clk1 and Clm1, have already been studied. Clk1 is involved in conidia formation and pathogenicity, and Clm1 is closely related to pathogen cell wall formation and pathogenicity to maize leaves. In this study, a third C. lunata MAPK gene, Clh1, which is homologous to hog1, was successfully cloned. We found that a Clh1 deletion mutant had lower intracellular glycerol accumulation than the wild-type stain and was unable to grow normally under osmotic stress conditions. Furthermore, the deletion mutants of three C. lunata MAPK genes (Clk1, Clm1 and Clh1) had lower levels of acetyl-CoA, which is an important intermediate product in the synthesis of melanin and furan toxin, and down-regulated expression of pathogenicity-associated genes. Furthermore, pathogenicity and the ability to produce toxin were restored after adding acetyl-CoA to the culture medium, suggesting that acetyl-CoA is closely involved in the pathogen MAPK signaling pathway.     

橡胶树磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶基因HbPPC1的克隆和表达分析

根据橡胶树磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)基因的部分序列设计引物,运用RT-PCR和RACE方法获得其家族成员的1个全长cDNA,命名为HbPPC1,长度3 025 bp,包含5′-UTR 34 bp,3′-UTR 93 bp,开放阅读框2 898 bp,编码965个氨基酸。预测HbPPC1分子量为110.34 ku,理论等电点为6.09。HbPPC1具有C3型PEPC的结构特征,其N端第9~17位残基是可逆磷酸化的不变序列-X-X-SIDAQLR,C端倒数第4位残基为谷氨酰胺(Q),第774位残基为丙氨酸(A)。HbPPC1与5条大戟科植物的PEPC序列(其中木薯2条、蓖麻2条、麻风树1条)的同源性达到95％。系统进化分析表明,HbPPC1与这5条序列聚在同一个进化支中。HbPPC1包含2个酶活性位点和7种类型的Motifs,二级结构以由α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主。Real-time RT-PCR结果表明,HbPPC1在橡胶树胶乳、叶片、树皮和花中均表达,在胶乳中的表达量最高;胶乳HbPPC1的表达受乙烯利刺激影响,在乙烯利刺激4~72 h后胶乳HbPPC1表达明显下调,表明HbPPC1在胶乳pH值调控中起重要作用。本研究结果为HbPPC1的功能研究提供理论依据。     

桑树1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶活化酶基因cDNA片段的克隆及原核表达与植物反义表达载体的构建

1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶活化酶(RCA)对桑树的光合作用具有重要调节作用。以桑树幼叶为材料分离mRNA,反转录合成cDNA,以cDNA第1链为模板,根据RCA的保守区域设计1对兼并引物,经PCR扩增获得RCA的基因功能区中间片段。对得到的桑树RCA的cDNA片段编码氨基酸进行BLAST分析表明,其与GenBank中其它植物来源的RCA有较高同源性。将RCA的部分编码区插入原核表达载体pET30a(+),并转化到大肠杆菌菌株BL21中,经IPTG诱导,RCA的部分编码区在BL21菌株成功表达。将得到的RCA基因片段反向插入植物表达载体,构建了RCA基因反义表达载体pBI121-RCA,以利于进一步阐明RCA与1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶相互作用和调控关系以及用基因工程手段深入探讨桑树光合作用机制。     

重组抵抗素对犊牛肝细胞PC mRNA丰度及其活性的影响

取单层培养72 h生长良好的犊牛肝细胞,采用单因素重复试验,分别添加0、25、50、100、200、400 ng/L的牛重组抵抗素(resistin),每个处理3个重复(每重复2孔).继续培养12 h后分别提取RNA并制备细胞上清液.应用荧光定量PCR方法检测牛重组Resistin对肝细胞糖异生关键酶丙酮酸羧化酶(Pyruvate carboxylase,PC)基因表达的影响,同时用比色法检测其对肝细胞PC酶活性的影响.结果表明,一定浓度的resistin显著下调了肝细胞PCmRNA表达,且降低了PC酶活性.     

小麦导入磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPCase）基因的初步研究

[目的]将磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPCase）基因导入普通小麦临优145。[方法]利用根癌农杆菌遗传转化系统,以普通小麦临优145为材料,将磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPCase）基因,导入小麦胚性愈伤组织中,用含潮霉素（hyg）的筛选培养基连续筛选,并从分子水平上检测该基因。[结果]获得了hyg抗性植株,经GUS组织化学染色检测表明,抗性苗叶片被染成了深蓝色;PCR检测出目标条带。[结论]初步证明磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPCase）基因已经导入受体材料中。