播期对豫麦49-198群体质量和产量性状的影响

为了给生产上大面积推广豫麦49-198提供适宜播期,以豫麦49-198为材料研究了不同播期对群体质量及产量的影响。结果表明,最高群体总茎数随播期推迟而下降,早播的最终成穗数较少;最大叶面积指数随播期推迟而降低,孕穗后早播的叶面积指数衰减快;就花后干物质积累而言,以适播的最多,晚播次之,早播最少。不同播期间籽粒产量呈现出适播>晚播>早播,且不同播期的产量差异达显著水平;适播的穗粒数与千粒重较其它播期的有所下降。在基本苗195万/hm2情况下,河南中部地区豫麦49-198的适宜播期是10月12日,此期播种有利于创建合理的群体结构、实现高产。     

人工合成小麦新种质抗条锈性鉴定与Yr18基因检测

对97份来自CIMMYT的人工合成小麦新种质进行了主要农艺性状考察、Yr18分子检测和成株期田间抗锈性接种鉴定。结果表明:参鉴种质间主要农艺性状变异程度较大,尤其千粒重普遍偏高,有30份材料千粒重达50 g以上、占30.9%;利用csLV34标记检测到合成20和合成43携带Yr18,占2.1%;鉴选出成株期呈抗性反应的材料30份、占30.9%,高度慢条锈材料19份、占19.6%,其中合成2、5、14、60、75、76、78、82、83、84计10个合成种同时表现高抗和高度慢锈。这些大粒、抗条锈或慢条锈合成小麦种质的鉴定筛选,为选育小麦新品种提供了优异资源。     

中国小麦条锈菌条中34号的发现及其致病特性

小麦条锈菌贵农22致病类型9(简称G22-9)2009年首次在四川省仪陇县的小麦品种川麦42上检测到,目前已扩展至全国9省65县(市、区)。其出现频率从2009年的0.11%逐年上升至2015年的10.56%。从其毒性基因谱、对生产品种的致病性以及近年来的出现频率和分布范围衡量,预测其在今后一段时间内将成为我国小麦条锈菌的主要优势小种。2016年经全国小麦锈病和白粉病研究协作组会商决定,将G22-9致病类型正式命名为条中34号。条中34号小种的出现和近年来的持续发展对我国小麦条锈病的发生流行以及抗病育种产生重要影响,对小麦安全生产构成一定威胁。今后应加强对该小种动态监测和抗病育种的预见性,及早调整品种布局,采取作物结构调整和药剂包衣(或拌种)等预防与控制措施,降低病害流行风险,保障小麦生产安全。     

小麦新品种豫麦34号的选育及栽培要点

豫麦３４号小麦新品种是１９８２年选配杂交组合，经多年系谱选育而成。其主要特点是高产稳产、优质抗病、抗逆性强、晚播早熟，为水稻、棉花、甘薯等中晚茬作物最佳配套品种；高产的关键是保证多穗、力争粒多、粒重。     

Partitioning of Newly Absorbed and Previously Stored Nitrogen and Sulfur Under Sulfate Deficient Nutrition

Sulfur (S) deficiency effects on nitrogen (N) and S fluxes during vegetative growth of Brassica napus was investigated by tracing ¹⁵N and ³⁴S for 9 d of S-sufficient [1.5 mM sulfate (SO₄^2-)] and S-deficient (0.05 mM SO₄^2-) condition. A significant decrease in leaf osmotic potential and chlorophyll content was apparent after 9 d of S-deficiency. Sulfur uptake during 9 d was remarkably decreased by 94.3% by S-deficiency, whereas no significant change occurred for N uptake. The N and S deriving from uptake were mainly allocated to the leaves in control plants, but the S flow into leaves was largely restricted under S-deficient condition. The remobilization of stored N and S were mainly issued only from leaves in control plants, while from leaves and petiole in S-deficient ones. The remobilization of N and S mainly issued from leaves flows into the roots both in control and S-deficient plants.     

我国小麦生产品种豫麦13中抗条锈基因的分子定位

以豫麦13为父本,偃展1号为母本配制杂交组合构建分离群体,对豫麦13进行抗条锈病遗传分析,并采用SSR标记技术对豫麦13中抗条锈基因进行分子定位.豫麦13和偃展1号组合的F5代材料接种条中31号,其抗感株系分离比率为2.43:1,接近3:1的理论比值,表明豫麦13对条中31号的抗性由2对基因控制;在所用的290对SSR引物中,2B染色体上有Xgwm501、Xgwm120、Xgwm429、Xgwm374、Xwmc441、Xwmc360等6个标记与抗病基因连锁,在3B染色体上有Xwmc 3和Xgwm131等2个标记与抗病基因连锁,表明豫麦13中的抗条锈基因位于2B和3B染色体上.与已知的定位于2B和3B上的抗条锈基因进行比较分析,确定豫麦13中的抗条锈基因为不同于已知抗病基因的未知基因.     

小麦条锈病菌新菌系G22-9(CYR34)和G22-14流行趋势预测

为预测小麦条锈病菌新菌系G22-9(CYR34)和G22-14的未来流行趋势,科学指导小麦抗病育种及条锈病治理,采用常规鉴定法于2009—2016年对甘肃省2 330份小麦条锈病菌标样进行了生理小种鉴定及消长动态监测,并对G22-9(CYR34)和G22-14的致病性及寄生适合度进行了测定。结果发现:新菌系G22-9(CYR34)和G22-14在甘肃省的出现频率加快,已从2009年的0分别上升到2016年的34.85%和6.43%,其中G22-9(CYR34)已发展为甘肃省第1位流行生理小种。与主流生理小种CYR32和CYR33相比较,G22-9(CYR34)和G22-14具有毒性谱宽、致病力强、寄生适合度高、哺育品种多等特点。建议在甘肃省特别是小麦条锈病常发易变区的陇南麦区,针对新菌系的出现,及时调整小麦品种布局及育种目标,以持续控制条锈病的发生流行。     

Effects of resveratrol on viability,invasion and autophagy of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells by up-regulating miR-34a

AIM: To investigate the effects of resveratrol on the viability, invasion and autophagy of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and the regulatory effect of microRNA-34a (miR-34a). METHODS: MG-63 cells were divided into 6 groups:control group and resveratrol treatment groups at doses of 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 μmol/L. MTT assay, Transwell chamber method and Western blot were used to detect the effects of resveratrol on the viability, invasion ability and expression of autophagy-related proteins in the osteosarcoma cells. The effect of resveratrol at different concentrations on the expression of miR-34a in the osteosarcoma cells was detected by RT-qPCR. The effects of miR-34a mimic and miR-34a mimic negative control (miR-34a NC) transfection on the viability and invasion ability of osteosarcoma cells after treated with resveratrol at different concentrations were analyzed. The effects of miR-34a mimic transfection on autophagy-related proteins LC3-I, LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with control group, resveratrol inhibited the viability and invasion ability of the MG-63 cells and promoted autophagy (P<0.05). Resveratrol up-regulated the expression of miR-34a in the MG-63 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). In addition, the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I was increased, and beclin-1 was up-regulated (P<0.05). Co-treatment with miR-34a mimic and resveratrol increased inhibitory effects of resveratrol on the viability and invasion ability and invasion of the MG-63 cells and also promoted autophagy. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol inhibits the viability and invasion of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and promotes auto-phagy by up-regulating miR-34a expression.     

不同年龄马睾丸组织中miRNA-34家族含量的变化

为研究microRNA(miRNA)-34家族在马不同发育阶段睾丸组织内的表达规律,应用实时荧光定量PCR方法,以GAPDH作为内参基因,分别对miRNA-34家族(miRNA-34a、miRNA-34b和miRNA-34c)在3个发育阶段哈萨克马睾丸组织表达情况进行检测。结果表明miRNA-34a在马睾丸发育过程中表达量较为稳定,在不同发育阶段睾丸组织内无显著差异(P0.05)。miRNA-34b和miRNA-34c在马驹和周岁马睾丸组织中的表达量较低,在这两个年龄段表达量无显著差异(P0.05)。而在成年马阶段出现明显上升,成年马miRNA-34b和miRNA-34c表达量与马驹和周岁马表达量有极显著的差异(P0.01)。位于同一基因簇上的miRNA-34b和miRNA-34c具有极为类似的表达模式和结构,分析认为马的miRNA-34b和miRNA-34c也具有冗余功能。     

小麦骨干亲本豫麦2号的育种价值分析

河南审定的183个小麦品种中有75个小麦品种含有豫麦2号的血缘,豫麦2号成为河南小麦育种利用率最高的骨干亲本.利用系谱资料对豫麦2号种质与其75个衍生品种的共祖先度进行了分析.结果表明:75个小麦品种与豫麦2号的共祖先度范围为0.0500～0.6250,累积的共祖先度为20.9041,占75个小麦品种的27.87%,占河南183个小麦品种的11.42%,豫麦2号具有极高的利用价值,豫麦2号及其衍生品种的利用还在继续.研究豫麦2号的育种价值,对于有效利用小麦种质资源,保持小麦品系的遗传多样性,恰当地选用杂交亲本,成功地创造出优良新基因型具有重要意义.